Multi-function toothpastes for better oral health: A behavioural perspective

International Dental Journal

Volumn 57, Issue 5 SUPPL. 1, 2007, Pages 351-363

  Stamm, John W ^a  

^a CB 7450 ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Abrasivity; Dentifrice; Fluoride; Oral hygiene; Toothpaste

Indexed keywords

EID: 35548955998     PISSN: 00206539     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2007.tb00162.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (114)

1. Oxford English Dictionary Online. Dentifrice. Available at: http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50060952?single=1&query_type= word&queryword=dentifrice&first=1&max_to_show=10. Accesssed 8/15/2007,
2. Bowen W. The significance of toothpaste in oral hygiene. In: Embery ,G. and Rølla, G. ed. Clinical and biological Aspects of Dentifrices. pp9-12. New York: Oxford Medical Publications, 1992.
3. Embery G, Rølla, G. Clinical and biological aspects of dentifrices. New York: Oxford Medical Publications, 1992.
4. Euromonitor International. Market sizes-historic-toothpaste-US$ mn-current prices. Available at: http:www.imis.euromonitor.com/print/aspx. Accesssed 8/15/2007.
5. Heifetz SB, Horowitz HS. Fluoride dentifrices. In: Newbrun E ed. Fluorides and Dental Caries pp50-70. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1986.
6. American Dental Association. ADA guide to dental therapeutics. Chicago, Ill: American Dental Association; 2003.
7. Prencipe M, Masters JG, Thomas KP et al. Squeezing out a better toothpaste. Available at: http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/chemtech/95/dec/dec.html. Accessed 6/25/2007.
8. Muhler JC, Radike AW, Nebergall WH, et al. Effect of a stannous fluoride-containing dentrifice on caries reduction in children. II. Caries experience after one year. J Am Dent Assoc 1955 50: 163-166.
9. Murray JJ, Rugg-Gunn AJ, Jenkins GN. Fluorides in caries prevention. pp127-160. Cambridge: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, 1991.
10. Finn S, Jamison H. A comparative clinical study of three dentifrices. J Dent Child 1963 30: 17-25.
11. Torell, P. Ericsson, Y. Two year clinical tests with different methods of local caries-preventive fluoride applications in Swedish schoolchildren. Acta Odontol Scand 23: 287-322.
12. Marthaler TM. The caries-inhibiting effect of amine fluoride dentifrices in children during three years of unsupervised use. Br Dent J 1965 119: 153-163.
13. Baxter PM, Davis WB, Jackson J. Toothpaste abrasive requirements to control naturally stained pellicle. The relation of cleaning power to toothpaste abrasivity. J Oral Kebabil 1981 8: 19-26.
14. Hefferren J, Li N. Dentifrice abrasives: heroes or villains? Available at: http://www.ineedce.com/pdf_files/adts_dentifrice_abrasives.pdf. Accesssed 8/9/2007.
15. Zero DT. Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategies. BMC Oral Health 2006 6 Suppl 1: S9.
16. Dental Health Foundation Ireland. Types of Toothpastes. Available at: http://www.dentalhealth.ie/dentalhealth/index.tmpl?secid=20020821120259& subid=20020822145908. Accessed 8/20/2007.
17. Twetman S, Axelsson S, Dahlgren H et al. Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2003 61: 347-355.
18. Dental Health Foundation Ireland. Fluoride Toothpastes. Available at: http://www.dentalhealth.ie/dentalhealth/index.tmpl?secid=20020821120259& subid=20020822145733. Accessed 8/10/2007.
19. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Logan S et al. Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library 2003 (1).
20. FDI/WHO/IADR. Global consultation on oral health through fluoride. Available at: http://www.fdiworldental.org/public_health/assets/ Fluoride_Consultation/Fluoride_Declaration_Final_E.pdf. Accessed 08/28/2007.
21. Ammari AB, Bloch-Zupan A, Ashley PF. Systematic review of studies comparing the anti-caries efficacy of children's toothpaste containing 600ppm of fluoride or less with high fluoride toothpastes of 1,000ppm or above. Caries Res 2003 37: 85-92.
22. Baysan A, Lynch E, Ellwood R et al. Reversal of primary root caries using dentifrices containing 5,000 and 1,100ppm fluoride. Caries Res 2001 35: 41-46.
23. Madlena M, Nagy G, Gabris K et al. Effect of amine fluoride toothpaste and gel in high risk groups of Hungarian adolescents: results of a longitudinal study. Caries Res 2002 36: 142-146.
24. Marks RG, D'Agostino R, Moorhead JE et al. A fluoride dose-response evaluation in an anticaries clinical trial. J Dent Res 1992 71: 1286-1291.
25. Stookey GK. Are all fluoride dentifrices the same? In: Wei SH ed. Clinical Uses of Fluorides. pp105-131. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1985.
26. Beltran-Valladares PR, Cocom-Tun H, Casanova-Rosado JF et al. Prevalence of dental fluorosis and additional sources of exposure to fluoride as risk factors to dental fluorosis in schoolchildren of Campeche, Mexico. Rep Invest Clin 2005 57: 532-539.
27. Hargreaves JA, Ingram GS, Wagg BJ. A gravimetric study of the ingestion of toothpaste by children. Caries Res 1972 6: 237-243.
28. Kroon J. The relation between toothpaste usage and fluorosis: a cause for concern? SADJ 2001 56: 20-27.
29. Naccache H, Simard PL, Trahan L et al. Factors affecting the ingestion of fluoride dentifrice by children. J Public Health Dent 1992 52: 222-226.
30. Cummins D. Mechanisms of action of clinically proven anti-plaque agents. In: Embery, G. and Rolla, G. ed. Clinical and Biological Aspects of Dentifrices. pp205-228. New York Oxford Medical Publications, 1992.
31. Ciancio SG. Agents for the management of plaque and gingivitis. J Dent Res 1992 71: 1450-1454.
32. Sanz M, Vallcorba N, Fabregues S et al. The effect of a dentifrice containing chlorhexidine and zinc on plaque, gingivitis, calculus and tooth staining. J Clin Periodontol 1994 21: 431-437.
33. Santos A. Evidence-based control of plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2003 30 Suppl 5: 13-16.
34. Claydon NC, Addy M, Adams G et al. A comparison of two Chlorhexidine gel brushing regimens and a conventional toothpaste brushing regimen for the development of tooth staining over a 6-weck period. Int J Dent Hyg 2006 4: 183-188.
35. Tinanoff N. Stannous fluoride in clinical dentistry. In: Wei SH ed. Clinical Uses of Fluorides. pp25-34, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1985.
36. Boyd RL, Chun YS. Eighteen-month evaluation of the effects of a 0.4% stannous fluoride gel on gingivitis in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994 105: 35-41.
37. 2 and NaF. A clinical and microbiological 9-month study. J Clin Periodontol 1996 23: 372-378.
38. Addv M, Greenman J, Renton-Harper P et al. Studies on stannous fluoride toothpaste and gel (2). Effects on salivary bacterial counts and plaque regrowth in vivo. J Clin Periodontol 1997 24: 86-91.
39. Barlow AP, Zhou X, Roberts J et al. Effect of a novel integrated power toothbrush and toothpaste oral hygiene system on gingivitis. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2004 25 (10 Suppl 1): 15-20.
40. Papas A, He T, Martuscelli G, Singh M et al. Comparative efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice and sodium fluoride/triclosan/copolymer dentifrice for the prevention of periodontitis in xerostomic patients: a 2-year randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2001 78: 1505-1514.
41. Nonnenmacher C, Kopecz S, Nüsing R et al. The effect of amine fluoride/stannous fluoride, triclosan and acetylsalicylic acid on experimental gingivitis. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 2004 59: 448-453.
42. Saxton CA, Harrap GJ, Lloyd AM. The effect of dentifrices con taining zinc citrate on plaque growth and oral zinc levels. J Clin Periodontol 1986 13: 301-306.
43. Davey H, Embery G. Metal ions in oral hygiene products. In: Embery G, Rolla, G ed. Clinical and Biological Aspects of Dentifrices. pp165-172. New York: Oxford Medical Publications, 1992.
44. Auschill TM, Deimling D, Hellwig E et al. Antibacterial effect of two toothpastes following a single brushing. Oral Health Prev Dent 2007 5: 25-32.
45. Saxton CA, van der Ouderaa FJ. The effect of a dentifrice containing zinc citrate and Triclosan on developing gingivitis. J Periodontal Res 1989 24: 75-80.
46. Svatun B, Saxton CA, Rølla G et al. One-year study of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing zinc citrate and triclosan to maintain gingival health. Scand J Dent Res 1989 97: 242-246.
47. Triratana T, Rustogi KN, Volpe AR et al. Clinical effect of a new liquid dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer on existing plaque and gingivitis. J Am Dent Assoc 2002 133: 219-225.
48. Davies RM, Ellwood RP, Davies GM. The effectiveness of a toothpaste containing triclosan and polyvinyl-methyl ether maleic acid copolymer in improving plaque control and gingival health: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontal 2004 31: 1029-1033.
49. Peter S, Nayak DG, Philip P et al. Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of toothpastes containing triclosan and fluoride. Int Dent J 2004 54: 299-303.
50. Allen DR, Battista GW, Petrone DM et al. The clinical efficacy of Colgate Total Plus Whitening Toothpaste containing a special grade of silica and Colgate Total Fresh Stripe Toothpaste in the control of plaque and gingivitis: a six-month clinical study. J Clin Dent 2002 13: 59-64.
51. Eley BM. Antibacterial agents in the control of supragingival plaque - a review. Br Dent J 1999 186: 286-296.
52. Stookey G, Jackson R, Beiswanger B et al. Clinical efficacy of chemicals for calculus prevention. In: ten Cate J ed. Recent Advances in the Study of Dental Calculus. pp235-258. IRL Press: Oxford.
53. White DJ. Tarter control dentifrices: current status and future prospects. In: Embery, G. Rolla, G. ed. Clinical and Biological Aspects of Dentifrices. pp277-291. New York: Oxford Medical Publications.
54. Briner WW, Francis MD, Widder JS. Factors affecting the rate of post-eruptive maturation of dental enamel. Calaf Tissue Res 1971 7: 249-256.
55. Featherstone J, White D, Bowman W et al. Effect of anticalculus dentifrices on the caries processes: in vitro and in vivo studies. In: ten Cate, J. M. ed. recent Advances in the Study of Dental Calculus. pp197-208. Oxford: IRL Press.
56. Nathoo S. The chemistry and mechanisms of extrinsic and intrinsic discoloration. J Am Dent Assoc 1997 128(Suppl): 6-10.
57. White DJ. A new and improved "dual action" whitening dentifrice technology-sodium hexametaphosphate. J Clin Dent 2002 13: 1-5.
58. Joiner A. Tooth colour: a review of the literature. J Dent 2004 32 Suppl 1: 3-12.
59. Watts A, Addy M. Tooth discolouration and staining: a review of the literature. Br Dent J 2001 190: 309-316.
60. Joiner A. Review of the extrinsic stain removal and enamel/dentine abrasion by a calcium carbonate and perlite containing whitening toothpaste. Int Dent J 2006 56: 175-180.
61. Joiner A, Collins LZ, Cox TF et al. The measurement of enamel and dentine abrasion by tooth whitening products using an in situ model. Int Dent J 2005 55: 194-196.
62. Collins LZ, Naeeni M, Schafer F et al. The effect of a calcium carbonate/perlite toothpaste on the removal of extrinsic tooth stain in two weeks. Int Dent J 2005 55: 179-182.
63. epinions.com. Selecting a toothpaste for electric brushing. Available at: http://www.epinions.com/content_3128664196. Accessed 6/25/2007,
64. Sharif N, MacDonald E, Hughes J et al. The chemical stain removal properties of 'whitening' toothpaste products: studies in vitro. Br Dent J 2000 188: 620-624.
65. Gerlach RW, Ramsey LL, White DJ. Extrinsic stain removal with a sodium hexametaphosphate-containing dentifrice: comparisons to marketed controls. J Clin Dent 2002 13: 10-14.
66. Creeth JE, Price KS, Wicks MA. The stain removal performance of a new anti-hypersensitivity dentifrice. J Clin Dent 2006 17: 106-111.
67. Mandel ID. The new toothpastes. J Calif Dent Assoc 1998 26: 186-190.
68. Gerlach RW, Liu H, Prater ME et al. Removal of extrinsic stain using a 7.0% sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Dent 2002 13: 6-9.
69. He T, Baker R, Bartizek RD et al. Extrinsic stain removal efficacy of a stannous fluoride dentifrice with sodium hexametaphosphate. J Clin Dent 2007 18: 7-11.
70. Viscio D, Gaffar A, Fakhry-Smith S et al. Present and future technologies of tooth whitening. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl 2000 28: S36-43; quiz S49.
71. Hoic D, Dixit N, Prencipe M et al. The technology behind Colgate Simply White Toothpaste. J Clin Dent 2004 15: 37-40.
72. Ayad F, De Sciscio P, Stewart B et al. The stain prevention efficacy of two tooth whitening dentifrices. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002 23: 733-736, 738; quiz 740.
73. Kitchin PC, Robinson HB. How abrasive need a dentifrice be? J Dent Res 1948 27: 501-506.
74. Forward GC. Role of toothpastes in the cleaning of teeth. Int Dent J 1991 41: 164-170.
75. Paraskevas S, Timmerman MF, van der Velden U et al. Additional effect of dentifrices on the instant efficacy of tooth brushing. JOP [serial online]. 2006;77(9):8/9/2007-1522-1527. Accessed 2006.
76. Paraskevas S, Rosema NA, Versteeg P et al. The additional effect of a dentifrice on the instant efficacy of tooth brushing: a crossover study. J Periodontol 2007 78: 1011-1016.
77. Hefferren JJ. A laboratory method for assessment of dentrifrice abrasivity. J Dent Res 1976 55: 563-573.
78. Wulknitz P. Cleaning power and abrasivity of European toothpastes. Adv Dent Res 1997 11: 576-579.
79. Hunter M, Addy M, Pickles M et al. The role of toothpastes and toothbrushes in the aetiology of tooth wear. Int Dent J 2002 52: 399-405.
80. Addy M, Hunter ML. Can tooth brushing damage your health? Effects on oral and dental tissues. Int Dent J 2003 53: 177-186.
81. Addy M. Tooth brushing, tooth wear and dentine hypersensitivity - are they associated? Int Dent J 2005 55: 261-267.
82. Stookey GK, Burkhard TA, Schemehorn BR. In vitro removal of stain with dentifrices. J Dent Res 1982 61: 1236-1239.
83. Hannig M, Bossmann K. Removability of tooth deposits by cleaning with toothbrushes and toothpaste. Oralprophylaxe 1988 10: 3-10.
84. Hannig M. The protective nature of the salivary pellicle. Int Dent J 2002 52: 417-423.
85. Joiner A, Pickles M, Matheson J et al. Whitening toothpastes: effects on tooth stain and enamel. Int Dent J 2002 52: 424-430.
86. Bartold PM. Dentinal hypersensitivity: a review. Aust Dent J 2006 51: 212-8; quiz 276.
87. Addy M. Dentine hypersensitivity: new perspectives on an old problem. Int Dent J 2002 52: 367-375.
88. Brannstrom M, Astrom A. The hydrodynamics of the dentine; its possible relationship to dentinal pain. Int Dent J 1972 22: 219-227.
89. Orchardson R, Collins WJ. Clinical features of hypersensitive teeth. Br Dent J 1987 162: 253-256.
90. Jackson RJ. Dentifrices for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. In: Embery ,G. and Rølla, G. ed. Clinical and Biological Aspects of Dentifrices. pp337-344. New York: Oxford Medical Publications.
91. Dababneh RH, Khouri AT, Addy M. Dentine hypersensitivity - an enigma? A review of terminology, mechanisms, aetiology and management. Br Dent J 1999 187: 606-161; discussion 603.
92. Orchardson R, Gillam DG. Managing dentin hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc 2006 137: 990-998; quiz 1028-1029.
93. Wara-aswapati N, Krongnawakul D, Jiraviboon D et al. The effect of a new toothpaste containing potassium nitrate and triclosan on gingival health, plaque formation and dentine hypersensitivity. J Clin Periodontol'2005 32: 53-58.
94. Rees J, Loyn T, Chadwick B. Pronamel and tooth mousse: an initial assessment of erosion prevention in vitro. J Dent 2007 35: 355-357.
95. Fowler C, Willson R, Rees GD. In vitro microhardness studies on a new anti-erosion desensitizing toothpaste. J Clin Dent 2006 17: 100-105.
96. Newby CS, Creeth JE, Rees GD et al. Surface microhardness changes, enamel fluoride uptake, and fluoride availability from commercial toothpastes. J Clin Dent 2006 17: 94-99.
97. Tonzetich J. Production and origin of oral malodor: a review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J Periodontol 1977 48: 13-20.
98. Quirynen M, Zhao H, van Steenberghe D. Review of the treatment strategies for oral malodour. Clin Oral Investig 2002 6: 1-10.
99. Rosenberg M. The science of bad breath. Sci Am 2002 286: 72-79.
100. Olshan AM, Kohut BE, Vincent JW et al. Clinical effectiveness of essential oil-containing dentifrices in controlling oral malodor. Am J Dent 2000 13(Spec No): 18C-22C.
101. Brunette DM, Proskin HM, Nelson BJ. The effects of dentifrice systems on oral malodor. J Clin Dent 1998 9: 76-82.
102. Hu D, Zhang YP, Petrone M et al. Clinical effectiveness of a triclosan/ copolymer/ sodium-fluoride dentifrice in controlling oral malodor: a three-week clinical trial. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2003 24(9 Suppl): 34-41; quiz 43.
103. Farrell S, Baker RA, Somogyi-Mann M et al. Oral malodor reduction by a combination of chemotherapeutical and mechanical treatments. Clin Oral Investig 2006 10: 157-163.
104. Moran J, Addy M, Newcombe R. Comparison of an herbal toothpaste with a fluoride toothpaste on plaque and gingivitis. Clin Prev Dent 1991 13: 12-15.
105. Saxer UP, Menghini G, Bohnert KJ et al. The effect of two toothpastes on plaque and gingival inflamation. J Clin Dent 1995 6: 154-156.
106. Ozaki F, Pannuti CM, Imbronito AV et al. Efficacy of a herbal toothpaste on patients with established gingivitis - a randomized controlled trial. Braz Oral Res 2006 20: 172-177.
107. Wolinsky LE, Cuomo J, Quesada K et al. A comparative pilot study of the effects of a dentifrice containing green tea bioflavonoids, sanguinarine or triclosan on oral bacterial biofilm formation. J Clin Dent 2000 11: 53-59.
108. Battino M, Ferreiro MS, Armeni T et al. In vitro antioxidant activities of antioxidant-enriched toothpastes. Free Radic Res 2005 39: 343-350.
109. Schäfer F, Adams S, Nicholson J et al. In vivo evaluation of an oral health toothpaste with 0.1% vitamin E acetate and 0.5% sunflower oil (with vitamin F). Int Dent J 2007 57: 119-123.
110. Suominen-Taipale AL, Alanen P, Helenius H et al. Edentulism among Finnish adults of working age, 1978-1997. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1999 27: 353-365.
111. Dye BA, Tan S, Smith V et al. Trends in oral health status: United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Vital Health Stat 11 2007 248: 1-92.
112. Sanders AE, Slade GD, Carter KD et al. Trends in prevalence of complete tooth loss among Australians, 1979-2002. Aust N Z J Public Health 2004 28: 549-554.
113. Petersen PE, Lennon MA. Effective use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries in the 21st century: the WHO approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol' 2004 32: 319-321.
114. Aide Odontologique Internationale. Affordable fluoridated toothpaste for developing countries. Available at: http://www.aoi-fr.org/dossiers%20techniques/ aft%20for%20Dev%20Dent.pdf. Accessed 8/21/2007,