A role for the antioxidant defense system in preventing the transmission of HIV

Medical Hypotheses

Volumn 69, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1277-1280

  Foster, Harold D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ANTIBODY; SELENIUM; TRACE ELEMENT;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ANUS INTERCOURSE; ARTICLE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENZYME SYNTHESIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION RISK; MALE; MEDICAL PERSONNEL; NEEDLESTICK INJURY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; CONDOMS; FEMALE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; HIV INFECTIONS; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMANS; MALE; MICE; MODELS, THEORETICAL; RISK FACTORS; SELENIUM; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL PARTNERS; TRACE ELEMENTS;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS;

EID: 35448995291     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.03.030     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Dement J.M., Epling C., Ostbye T., Pompeii L.A., and Hunt D.L. Blood and body fluid exposure risks among health care workers: results from the Duke Health and Safety Survey Surveillance System. Am J Ind Med 46 6 (2004) 637-648
2. de Graaf R., Houweling H., and van Zessen G. Occupational risk of HIV infection among western health care professionals posted in AIDS endemic areas. AIDS Care 10 4 (1998) 441-452
3. Gisselquist D., Upham G., and Potteratt J. Efficiency of human immunodeficiency virus transmission through injections and other medical procedures: evidence estimates, and unfinished business. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 27 9 (2006) 944-952
4. Padian N.S., Shiboski S.C., Glass S.O., and Vittinghoff E. Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in northern California: results from a ten-year study. Am J Epidemiol 146 4 (1997) 350-357
5. Wawer M.J., Gray R.H., Sewankambo K., Serwadda D., Li X., Laeyendecker O., et al. Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 191 9 (2005) 1403-1409
6. Andes W.A., Rangan S.R., and Wulff K.M. Exposure of heterosexuals to human immunodeficiency virus and viremia: evidence for continuing risks in spouses of hemophiliacs. Sex Transm Dis 16 2 (1980) 68-73
7. Vittinghoff E., Douglas J., Judson F., McKirnan D., MacQueen K., and Buchbinder S.P. Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners. Am J Epidemiol 150 3 (1999) 306-311
8. Wellings K., Collumbien M., Slaymaker E., Singh S., Hodges Z., Patel D., et al. Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective. Lancet 368 9548 (2006) 1706-1728
9. Van Look P. Cited in Cheng M. Global study dispels myths about sexuality: popular beliefs wrong, British researchers find. Times Colonist; November 1, 2006. p. D10.
10. Rotheram-Borus M.J., Marelich W.D., and Srinivasan S. HIV risk among homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual male and female youths. Arch Sex Behav 28 2 (1999) 159-177
11. Moses S., Bradley J.E., Naqelkarke N.J., Ronald A.R., Ndinya-Achola J.O., and Plummer F.A. Geographical patterns of male circumcision practices in Africa: association with HIV seroprevalence. Int J Epidemiol 19 3 (1990) 693-697
12. Tyres F., Walker A.S., Gillett J., and Porter K. The relationship between HIV seroconversion illness, HIV test interval and time to AIDS in a seroconverter cohort. Epidemiol Infect 131 (2003) 1117-1123
13. Foster H.D. Halting the AIDS pandemic. In: Janell D.G., Warf B., and Hansen K. (Eds). WorldMinds: geographical perspectives on 100 problems (2004), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 67-73
14. Foster H.D. Why HIV-1 has diffused so much more rapidly in Sub-Saharan Africa than in North America. Med Hypotheses 60 4 (2003) 611-614
15. Cenac A.M., Simonoff P., Moretto P., and Djibo A. A low plasma selenium is a risk factor for peripartum cardiomyopathy. A comparative study in Sahelian Africa. Int J Cardiol 36 1 (1982) 57-59
16. James J. Selenium: African studies reported at Durban. AIDS Treat News 347 (2000) 7
17. Ngo D., Dikassa L., Okitolonda W., Kashala T., Gervy C., Dumont J., et al. Selenium status in pregnant women of rural population (Zaire) in relationship to iodine deficiency. Trop Med Int Health 2 6 (1997) 572-581
18. Van Ryssen J., and Bradfield G. An assessment of the selenium, copper and zinc status of sheep on cultivated pastures in the Natal Midlands. J S Afr Vet Med Assoc 63 4 (1992) 56-61
19. Keller E.A. Environmental geology (1992), Macmillan, New York
20. Family Health International HIVAIDS Senegal. http://www.fhi.org/en/HHIVAIDS/country/Senegal/index.htm.
21. USAID. HIV/AIDS Bolivia. http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/aids/Countries/lac/bolivia.html.
22. Foster H.D. AIDS in Finland. J Orthomol Med 20 3 (2005) 221-222
23. Pyykko K., Tuimala R., Kroneld R., Roos M., et al. Effects of selenium supplementation to fertilizers on the selenium status of the population in different parts of Finland. Eur J Clin Nutr 42 7 (1988) 571-579
24. Cowgill G. The distribution of selenium and mortality owing to acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the continental United States. Biol Trace Elem Res 56 (1997) 43-61
25. Spallhulz J.E. Selenium and glutathione peroxidase: essential nutrient and antioxidant component of the immune system. In: Bendich A., Phillip M., and Tengerdy R.P. (Eds). Antioxidant nutrients and immune functions (1990), Plenum Publishing, New York 145-158
26. Foster H.D. How HIV-1 causes AIDS: implications for prevention and treatment. Med Hypotheses 62 (2004) 549-553
27. Foster H.D. HIV/AIDS - a nutrient deficiency disease?. J Orthomol Med 20 2 (2005) 67-69
28. Bradfield M., and Foster H.D. The successful orthomolecular treatment of AIDS: accumulating evidence from Africa. J Orthomol Med 21 4 (2006) 193-196
29. Beck M.A., Esworthy R.S., Ho Y., and Chub F. Glutathione peroxidase protects mice from viral-induced myocarditis. FASEB J 12 (1998) 1143-1149
30. Foster H.D. Coxsackie B virus and myocardial infraction. Lancet 359 9308 (2002) 804
31. Yu S.Y., Li W.G., Zhu Y.J., Yu W.P., and Hou C. Chemoprevention trials of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 20 1-2 (1989) 15-22
32. Yu S.Y., Zhu Y.J., Li W.G., Huang Q.S., Huang C.Z., Zhang O.N., et al. A preliminary report on the intervention trials of primary liver cancer in high-risk populations with nutritional supplementation of selenium in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 29 (1991) 289-294
33. Hasteltine WA. Quoted in "More cases, same old question". The Philadelphia Inquirer; June 6, 1993. Review and Opinion D1.