Calculation of temperature rise induced by cellular phones in the human head

Journal of Microwaves and Optoelectronics

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 311-322

  Rodrigues, Ana O ^a   Viana, Juliano J ^a   Rodrigues, Luiz O C ^b   Ramirez, Jaime A ^b  

^a CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DE BELO HORIZONTE   (Brazil)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Anatomic model of the head; Cellular telephones; Safety standards; Temperature increase; Thermoregulatory mechanism

Indexed keywords

FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD; HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; THERMAL EFFECTS; THERMAL GRADIENTS;

ANATOMIC MODEL; TEMPERATURE INCREASE; THERMOREGULATORY MECHANISM;

CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS;

EID: 35448950917     PISSN: 15167399     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (19)

1. P.J. Dymbylow and S.M. Mann, "SAR Calculations in an anatomically realistic model of the head for mobile communication transceivers at 900MHz and 1.8GHz", Phys. Med. Biol., vol.39, pp.1537-1553, 1994.
2. O.P. Gandhi, G. Lazzi and C.M. Furse, "Electromagnetic Absorption in the Human Head and Neck for Mobile Telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.44, no.10, pp.1884-1897, 1996.
3. O.P. Gandhi, Q-X. Li and G. Kang, "Temperature Rise for the Human Head for Cellular Telephones and for Peak SARs Prescribed in Safety Guidelines", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.49, no.9, pp.1607-1613, 2001.
4. J. Wang and O. Fujiwara, "FDTD Computation of Temperature Rise in the Human Head for Portable Telephones", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.47, no.8, pp.1528-1534, 1999.
5. P. Bernardi, M. Cavagnaro, S. Pisa and E. Piuzzi, "Specific Absorption Rate and Temperature Increases in the Head of a Cellular-Phone User", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.48, no.7, pp.1118-1126, 2000.
6. L. Catarinucci, P. Palazzari and L. Tarricone, "Human Exposure to the Near Field of Radiobase Antennas - A Full-Wave Solution Using Parallel FD-TD", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.51, no.3, pp.935-940, 2003.
7. A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics - The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 2nd Edition, Artech House,Norwood, MA, 2000.
8. A.O. Rodrigues, Caracterization of the Specific Absorption Rate and Temperature Increase Induced by Cellular Telephones in the Human Head, Ph.D. Thesis - In Protuguese, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Eletrica, UFMG, 2003, Brazil.
9. Chapel Hill Volume Rendering Test Data Set - Volume II, SoftLab Software Systems Laboratory - University of North Carolina, Department of Computer Science, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 1995. [Online]. Available: ftp:// ftp.cs.unc.edu/pub/projects/image/CHVRTD/volII/
10. G.M.J. Van Leeuwent, J.J.W. Lagendijk, B.J.A.M. Van Leersum, A.P.M. Zwamborn, S.N. Hornsleth and A.N.T.J. Kotte. "Calculation of change in brain temperatures due to exposure to a mobile phone", Phys. Med. Biol., vol.44, pp.2367-2379, 1999.
11. J.-A. Scott, "A finite element model of heat transport in the human eye", Phys. Med. Biol., vol.33, no.2, pp.227-241, 1988.
12. G. Havenith, "Individualized model of human thermoregulation for the simulation of heat stress response", J. Appl. Physiol., vol.90, pp.1943-1954, 2001.
13. C.V. Gisolfi and F. Mora, The hot brain - survival, temperature and the human body, Bradford Book. The MIT Press. London, England, 2000.
14. D. Fiala, K.J. Lomas and M. Stohrer, "A computer model of human thermoregulation for a wide range of environmental conditions: the passive system", J. Appl. Physiol., vol.87, no.5, pp.1957-1972, 1999.
15. W.F. Ganong, Medical Physiology, McGraw Hill, 19th Edition, 1999.
16. T.H. Benzinger, Receptor organs and quantitative mechanisms of human temperature control in a warm environment, Fed Proc, pp.19-32, 1960.
17. K.S Nikita et al. "A Study of Uncertainties in Modeling Antenna Performance and Power Absorption in the Head of a Cellular Phone User",IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.48, no.12, pp.2676-2685, 2000.
18. "IEEE Standard for Safety with Respect to Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3KHz to 300GHz", IEEE Standard C95.1-1999, 1999.
19. "Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300GHz)", Health Phys., vol.74, no.4, pp.494-522, 1998.