Calculation of change in brain temperatures due to exposure to a mobile phone

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 44, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 2367-2379

  Van Leeuwen, G M J ^a   Lagendijk, J J W ^a   Van Leersum, B J A M ^b   Zwamborn, A P M ^b   Hornsleth, S N ^c   Kotte, A N T J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^b TNO   (Netherlands)

^c HAUKELAND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN TEMPERATURE; CALCULATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; SAFETY; SIMULATION; SKIN TEMPERATURE; TELEPHONE;

BODY TEMPERATURE; BRAIN; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SCALP; SKIN TEMPERATURE; TELEPHONE;

EID: 0032847594     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/44/10/301     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Anderson V and Joyner K H 1995 Specific absorption rate levels measured in a phantom head exposed to radio frequency transmissions from analog hand-held mobile phones Bioelectromagnetics 16 60-9
2. Baish J W 1994 Formulation of a statistical model of heat transfer in perfused tissue J. Biomech. Eng. ASME 116 521-7
3. Berntsen S and Hornsleth S N 1994 Retarded time absorbing boundary conditions IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 42 1059-64
4. CENELEC CLC/SC211B 1995 European Prestandard prENV 50166-2, Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields High-Frequency: 10 kHz-300 GHz (Brussels: CENELEC)
5. Chen J Y and Gandhi O P 1988 Thermal implications of high SAR's in the body extremities at the ANSI-recommended MF-VHF safety levels IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 35 435-41
6. Chen M M and Holmes K R 1980 Microvascular contributions in tissue heat transfer Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 335 137-50
7. Crezee J and Lagendijk J J W 1990 Experimental verification of bioheat transfer theories: measurement of temperature profiles around large artificial vessels in perfused tissue Phys. Med. Biol. 35 905-23
8. ESHO Taskgroup Committee 1992 Treatment Planning and Modelling in Hyperthermia, a Task Group Report of the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (Rome: Tor Vergata)
9. Gagge A P and Nishi Y 1977 Heat exchange between human skin surface and thermal environment Handbook of Physiology, Section 9: Reactions to Environmental Agents ed D Lee (Maryland: American Physiological Society) pp 69-92
10. Gandhi O P, Lazzi G and Furse C M 1996 Electromagnetic absorption in the human head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44 1884-97
11. Hombach V, Meier K, Burkhardt M, Kühn E and Kuster N 1996 The dependence of EM energy absorption upon human head modeling at 900 MHz IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44 1865-73
12. Hoque M and Gandhi O P 1988 Temperature distributions in the human leg for VLF-VHF exposures at the ANSI-recommended safety levels IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 35 442-9
13. IEEE Standards Board 1992 IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz Technical Report IEEE C95.1-1991 (New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
14. Kido K D, Morris T W, Erickson J L, Plewes D B and Simon J H 1987 Physiologic changes during high field strength MR imaging Am. J. Neuroradiol. 8 263-6
15. Kotte A N T J, Van Leeuwen G M J, De Bree J, Van der Koijk J F, Crezee J and Lagendijk J J W 1996 A description of discrete vessel segments in thermal modelling of tissues Phys. Med. Biol. 41 865-84
16. Kotte A N T J, Van Leeuwen G M J and Lagendijk J J W 1999 Modelling the thermal impact of a discrete vessel tree Phys. Med. Biol. 44 57-74
17. Lagendijk J J W 1987 Heat transfer in tissues Physics and Technology of Hyperthermia ed S Field and C Franconi (Dordrecht: Nijhoff) pp 517-61
18. Lu Y, Ying J, Tan T-K and Arichadran K 1996 Electromagnetic and thermal simulations of 3-D human head model under RF radiation by using the FDTD and FD approaches IEEE Trans. Magn. 32 1653-6
19. National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) 1993 Board statement on restrictions on human exposure to static and time varying electromagnetic fields and radiation Doc. NRPB 4 (Chilton: NRPB)
20. Okoniewski M and Stuchly M A 1996 A study of the handset antenna and human body interaction IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44 1855-64
21. Pennes H H 1948 Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperature in the resting human forearm J. Appl. Physiol. 1 93-122
22. Raaymakers B W, Crezee J and Lagendijk J J W 1998 Comparison of temperature distributions in interstitial hyperthermia: experiments in bovine tongues versus generic simulations Phys. Med. Biol. 43 1199-214
23. Shellock F G, Schaefer D J and Crues J V 1989 Alterations in body and skin temperatures caused by magnetic resonance imaging: is the recommended exposure for radiofrequency radiation too conservative? Br. J. Radiol. 62 904-9
24. Sminia P, van der Zee J, Wondergem J and Haveman J 1994 Effects of hyperthermia on the central nervous system: a review Int. J. Hyperth. 10 1-30
25. Tinniswood A D, Furse C M and Gandhi O P 1998 Computations of SAR distributions for two anatomically based models of the human head using CAD files of commercial telephones and the parallelized FDTD code IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 46 829-33
26. Toftgård J, Hornsleth S N and Bach Andersen J 1993 Effects on portable antennas by the presence of a person IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 41 739-46
27. Van Leeuwen G M J, Kotte A N T J, Crezee J and Lagendijk J J W 1997a Tests of the geometrical description of blood vessels in a thermal model using counter-current geometries Phys. Med. Biol. 42 1515-32
28. Van Leeuwen G M J, Kotte A N T J, De Bree J, Van der Koijk J F, Crezee J and Lagendijk J J W 1997b Accuracy of geometrical modelling of heat transfer from tissue to blood vessels Phys. Med. Biol. 42 1451-60
29. Van Leeuwen G M J, Kotte A N T J and Lagendijk J J W 1998 A flexible algorithm for construction of 3-D vessel networks for use in thermal modeling IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 45 596-604
30. Van Leeuwen G M J, Lagendijk J J W, Van Leersum B J A M and Zwamborn A P M 1997c Thermal and rf modelling of cellular phones (THERMIC) work package 1: Project definition and pilot study Technical Report FEL-97-C017 (The Hague: TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory)
31. Yee K S 1966 Numerical solutions of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media IEEE Trans. Antennas Propogat. 14 302-7