The prophylaxis of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer undergoing major abdominal surgery: Emerging options

Journal of Surgical Oncology

Volumn 96, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 265-272

  Agnelli, Giancarlo ^a   Caprini, Joseph A ^b,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

^b Evanston Northwestern Healthcare ^*  (United States)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Northwestern University   (United States)

Author keywords

Abdominal surgery; Cancer; Factor Xa inhibitors; VTE prophylaxis

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ARGATROBAN; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10A; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10A INHIBITOR; CERTOPARIN; DALTEPARIN; ENOXAPARIN; ESTROGEN; FONDAPARINUX; HEPARIN; HIRULOG; LEPIRUDIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; NADROPARIN; PLACEBO; PROTAMINE; THROMBIN INHIBITOR; TINZAPARIN; WARFARIN; POLYSACCHARIDE;

ABDOMINAL SURGERY; ADVANCED CANCER; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; BLEEDING; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPRESSION THERAPY; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERCOAGULABILITY; INTERMITTENT PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION DEVICE; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; LEG COMPRESSION; LOW DRUG DOSE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SURGICAL PATIENT; THROMBOSIS PREVENTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; ABDOMEN; DRUG ANTAGONISM; NEOPLASM; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; VEIN THROMBOSIS;

ABDOMEN; ANTICOAGULANTS; FACTOR XA; HEPARIN; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; POLYSACCHARIDES; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RISK FACTORS; VENOUS THROMBOSIS;

EID: 35448945606     PISSN: 00224790     EISSN: 10969098     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jso.20808     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, et al.: Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A population-based case-control study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:809-815.
2. Prandoni P, Piccioli A, Girolami A: Cancer and venous thromboembolism: An overview. Haematologica 1999;84:437-445.
3. Monreal M, Fernandez-Llamazares J, Perandreu J, et al.: Occult cancer in patients with venous thromboembolism: Which patients, which cancers. Thromb Haemost 1997;78:1316-1318.
4. Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Buller HR, et al.: Deep-vein thrombosis and the incidence of subsequent symptomatic cancer. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1128-1133.
5. Hettiarachchi RJ, Lok J, Prins MH, et al.: Undiagnosed malignancy in patients with deep vein thrombosis: Incidence, risk indicators, and diagnosis. Cancer 1998;83:180-185.
6. Schulman S, Lindmarker P: Incidence of cancer after prophylaxis with warfarin against recurrent venous thromboembolism. Duration of Anticoagulation Trial. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1953-1958.
7. Levitan N, Dowlati A, Remick SC, et al.: Rates of initial and recurrent thromboembolic disease among patients with malignancy versus those without malignancy. Risk analysis using Medicare claims data. Medicine (Baltimore) 1999;78:285-291.
8. Ornstein DL, Zacharski LR: Cancer, thrombosis, and anticoagulants. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2000;6:301-308.
9. Gouin-Thibault I, Samama MM: Laboratory diagnosis of the thrombophilic state in cancer patients. Semin Thromb Hemost 1999;25:167-172.
10. Falanga A, Rickles FR: Pathophysiology of the thrombophilic state in the cancer patient. Semin Thromb Hemost 1999;25:173-182.
11. Mousa SA: Anticoagulants in thrombosis and cancer: The missing link. Semin Thromb Hemost 2002;28:45-52.
12. Bevilacqua MP, Pober JS, Majeau GR, et al.: Recombinant tumor necrosis factor induces procoagulant activity in cultured human vascular endothelium: Characterization and comparison with the actions of interleukin 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986;83:4533-4537.
13. Deitcher SR: Cancer and thrombosis: Mechanisms and treatment. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2003;16:21-31.
14. Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, et al.: Prevention of venous thromboembolism: The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004;126:338S-400S.
15. Levine MN: Prevention of thrombotic disorders in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Thromb Haemost 1997;78:133-136.
16. Goodnough LT, Saito H, Manni A, et al.: Increased incidence of thromboembolism in stage IV breast cancer patients treated with a five-drug chemotherapy regimen. A study of 159 patients. Cancer 1984;54:1264-1268.
17. Saphner T, Tormey DC, Gray R: Venous and arterial thrombosis in patients who received adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1991;9:286-294.
18. Levine MN, Gent M, Hirsh J, et al.: The thrombogenic effect of anticancer drug therapy in women with stage II breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1988;318:404-407.
19. Lee AY, Levine MN: The thrombophilic state induced by therapeutic agents in the cancer patient. Semin Thromb Hemost 1999;25:137-145.
20. Sorensen HT, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, et al.: Prognosis of cancers associated with venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1846-1850.
21. Hutten BA, Prins MH, Gent M, et al.: Incidence of recurrent thromboembolic and bleeding complications among patients with venous thromboembolism in relation to both malignancy and achieved international normalized ratio: A retrospective analysis. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3078-3083.
22. Palareti G, Legnani C, Lee A, et al.: A comparison of the safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulation for the treatment of venous thromboembolic disease in patients with or without malignancy. Thromb Haemost 2000;84:805-810.
23. Geerts WH, Heit JA, Clagett GP, et al.: Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest 2001;119:132S-175S.
24. Prandoni P, Sabbion P, Tanduo C, et al.: Prevention of venous thromboembolism in high-risk surgical and medical patients. Semin Vasc Med 2001;1:61-70.
25. Flordal PA, Berggvist D, Burmark US, et al.: Risk factors for major thromboembolism and bleeding tendency after elective general surgical operations. The Fragmin Multicentre Study Group. Eur J Surg 1996;162:783-789.
26. National Comprehensive Cancer Network: Clinical practice guidelines in oncology. Venous thromboembolic disease-version 2.2006. Available at: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/vte.pdf. Accessed November 28, 2006.
27. Mismetti P, Laporte S, Darmon JY, et al.: Meta-analysis of low molecular weight heparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in general surgery. Br J Surg 2001;88:913-930.
28. McLeod RS, Geerts WH, Sniderman KW, et al.: Subcutaneous heparin versus low-molecular-weight heparin as thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: Results of the Canadian colorectal DVT prophylaxis trial: A randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Surg 2001;233:438-444.
29. Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elective cancer surgery: A double-blind randomized multicentre trial with venographic assessment. ENOXACAN Study Group. Br J Surg 1997;84: 1099-1103.
30. Comparison of a low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The European Fraxiparin Study (EFS) Group. Br J Surg 1988;75:1058-1063.
31. Bergqvist D, Burmark US, Flordal PA, et al.: Low molecular weight heparin started before surgery as prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis: 2500 versus 5000 XaI units in 2070 patients. Br J Surg 1995;82:496-501.
32. Nurmohamed MT, Verhaeghe R, Haas S, et al.: A comparative trial of a low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) versus standard heparin for the prophylaxis of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in general surgery. Am J Surg 1995;169:567-571.
33. Rasmussen MS: Preventing thromboembolic complications in cancer patients after surgery: A role for prolonged thromboprophylaxis. Cancer Treat Rev 2002;28:141-144.
34. Rasmussen MS, Jorgensen LN, Wille-Jorgensen P, et al.: Prolonged prophylaxis with dalteparin to prevent late thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: A multicenter randomised open label study. J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:2384-2390.
35. Bergqvist D, Agnelli G, Cohen AT, et al.: Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with enoxaparin after surgery for cancer. N Engl J Med 2002;346:975-980.
36. Weitz JI: Low-molecular-weight heparins. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:688-698.
37. Altinbas M, Coskun M, Er O: Prospective randomized study of epirubicine, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine combination therapy +/- low molecular weight heparin in small cell lung cancer [abstract], J Clin Oncol 2001;20:321a.
38. Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, et al.: Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:146-153.
39. Wojtukiewicz MZ, Kozlowski L, Ostrowska K, et al.: Low molecular weight heparin treatment for malignant melanoma: A pilot clinical trial. Thromb Haemost 2003;89:405-407.
40. Kakkar AK, Levine MN, Kadziola Z, et al.: Low molecular weight heparin, therapy with dalteparin, and survival in advanced cancer: The fragmin advanced malignancy outcome study (FAMOUS). J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1944-1948.
41. Klerk CP, Smorenburg SM, Otten HM, et al.: The effect of low molecular weight heparin on survival in patients with advanced malignancy. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2130-2135.
42. Sideras K, Schaefer PL, Okuno SH, et al.: Low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with advanced cancer: A phase 3 clinical trial. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:758-767.
43. von Tempelhoff GF, Harenberg J, Niemann F, et al.: Effect of low molecular weight heparin (Certoparin) versus unfractionated heparin on cancer survival following breast and pelvic cancer surgery: A prospective randomized double-blind trial. Int J Oncol 2000;16:815-824.
44. Agnelli G, Bergqvist D, Cohen AT, et al.: Randomized clinical trial of postoperative fondaparinux versus perioperative dalteparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in high-risk abdominal surgery. Br J Surg 2005;92:1212-1220.
45. Agnelli G, Bergqvist D, Cohen A, et al.: A randomized double-blind study to compare the efficacy and safety of postoperative fondaparinux (Arixtra) and preoperative dalteparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after high-risk abdominal surgery: The PEGASUS Study [abstract]. Blood 2003;102:15a.
46. Turpie AG, Bauer KA, Caprini J, et al.: Fondaparinux combined with intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) versus IPC alone in the prevention of VTE after major abdominal surgery: Results of the APOLLO study [abstract]. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3: P1046.
47. Warkentin TE, Cook RJ, Marder VJ, et al.: Anti-platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies in orthopedic surgery patients receiving antithrombotic prophylaxis with fondaparinux or enoxaparin. Blood 2005;106:3791-3796.
48. Savi P, Chong BH, Greinacher A, et al.: Effect of fondaparinux on platelet activation in the presence of heparin-dependent antibodies: A blinded comparative multicenter study with unfractionated heparin. Blood 2005;105:139-144.
49. Harenberg J, Jorg I, Fenyvesi T: Treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with fondaparinux. Haematologica 2004;89: 1017-1018.
50. Bradner J, Hallisey RK, Kuter DJ: Fondaparinux in the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia [abstract]. Blood 2004;104: 1775.
51. Fondaparinux sodium (Arixtra) [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline, 2005.
52. Warkentin TE, Crowther MA: Reversing anticoagulants both old and new. Can J Anaesth 2002;49:S11-25.
53. Hirsh J, Warkentin TE, Shaughnessy SG, et al.: Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest 2001;119: 64S-94S.
54. Dager WE, Andersen J, Nutescu E: Special considerations with fondaparinux therapy: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and wound healing. Pharmacotherapy 2004;24:88S-94S.
55. Kakkar AK: Low-molecular-weight heparin and survival in patients with malignant disease. Cancer Control 2005;12:22-30.
56. Sampson MT, Kakkar AK: Coagulation proteases and human cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2002;30:201-207.