The Amber Alert: The appropriate solution to preventing child abduction

Journal of Psychiatry and Law

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 71-88

  Zgoba, Kristen ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Child abduction; Child safety and legislation; Sexual offenses

Indexed keywords

CHILD; CHILD HEALTH CARE; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; CRIME; HEALTH PROGRAM; HOMICIDE; HUMAN; INFORMATION; LAW; MORALITY; REVIEW; SAFETY;

EID: 3543066442     PISSN: 00931853     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009318530403200104     Document Type: Review

References (66)

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2. Bagley, C. & Mallick, K. (1999). Child sexual abuse and adult offenders: New theory and research. Hants, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company; Cohen, S. (1972). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London: MacGibbon & Kee Ltd; DeYoung, M. (1998). Another look at moral panics: The case of satanic daycare centers. Deviant Behavior, 19 (3), 257-278; Edwards, S. & Lohman, J. (1994). The impact of "moral panic" on professional behavior in cases of child sexual abuse: An international perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3 (1), 103-126; Fox, J. A. (2002, August 17). Amber Alert's dangers. The New York Times; Goode, E. & Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: The construction of deviance. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Jenkins, P. (1998). Moral panic: Changing concepts of the child molester in modern America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Jewkes, Y. (1999). Moral panics in a risk society: A critical evaluation. Studies in Crime, Order and Policing, Occasional Paper No. 15. Leicester, UK: Scarman Centre; Welch, M., Price, E. & Yankey, N. (2002). Moral panic over youth violence: Wilding and the manufacture of menace in the media. Youth & Society, 34 (1), 3-30.
3. Bagley, C. & Mallick, K. (1999). Child sexual abuse and adult offenders: New theory and research. Hants, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company; Cohen, S. (1972). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London: MacGibbon & Kee Ltd; DeYoung, M. (1998). Another look at moral panics: The case of satanic daycare centers. Deviant Behavior, 19 (3), 257-278; Edwards, S. & Lohman, J. (1994). The impact of "moral panic" on professional behavior in cases of child sexual abuse: An international perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3 (1), 103-126; Fox, J. A. (2002, August 17). Amber Alert's dangers. The New York Times; Goode, E. & Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: The construction of deviance. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Jenkins, P. (1998). Moral panic: Changing concepts of the child molester in modern America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Jewkes, Y. (1999). Moral panics in a risk society: A critical evaluation. Studies in Crime, Order and Policing, Occasional Paper No. 15. Leicester, UK: Scarman Centre; Welch, M., Price, E. & Yankey, N. (2002). Moral panic over youth violence: Wilding and the manufacture of menace in the media. Youth & Society, 34 (1), 3-30.
4. Bagley, C. & Mallick, K. (1999). Child sexual abuse and adult offenders: New theory and research. Hants, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company; Cohen, S. (1972). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London: MacGibbon & Kee Ltd; DeYoung, M. (1998). Another look at moral panics: The case of satanic daycare centers. Deviant Behavior, 19 (3), 257-278; Edwards, S. & Lohman, J. (1994). The impact of "moral panic" on professional behavior in cases of child sexual abuse: An international perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3 (1), 103-126; Fox, J. A. (2002, August 17). Amber Alert's dangers. The New York Times; Goode, E. & Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: The construction of deviance. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Jenkins, P. (1998). Moral panic: Changing concepts of the child molester in modern America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Jewkes, Y. (1999). Moral panics in a risk society: A critical evaluation. Studies in Crime, Order and Policing, Occasional Paper No. 15. Leicester, UK: Scarman Centre; Welch, M., Price, E. & Yankey, N. (2002). Moral panic over youth violence: Wilding and the manufacture of menace in the media. Youth & Society, 34 (1), 3-30.
5. Bagley, C. & Mallick, K. (1999). Child sexual abuse and adult offenders: New theory and research. Hants, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company; Cohen, S. (1972). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London: MacGibbon & Kee Ltd; DeYoung, M. (1998). Another look at moral panics: The case of satanic daycare centers. Deviant Behavior, 19 (3), 257-278; Edwards, S. & Lohman, J. (1994). The impact of "moral panic" on professional behavior in cases of child sexual abuse: An international perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3 (1), 103-126; Fox, J. A. (2002, August 17). Amber Alert's dangers. The New York Times; Goode, E. & Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: The construction of deviance. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Jenkins, P. (1998). Moral panic: Changing concepts of the child molester in modern America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Jewkes, Y. (1999). Moral panics in a risk society: A critical evaluation. Studies in Crime, Order and Policing, Occasional Paper No. 15. Leicester, UK: Scarman Centre; Welch, M., Price, E. & Yankey, N. (2002). Moral panic over youth violence: Wilding and the manufacture of menace in the media. Youth & Society, 34 (1), 3-30.
6. Bagley, C. & Mallick, K. (1999). Child sexual abuse and adult offenders: New theory and research. Hants, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company; Cohen, S. (1972). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London: MacGibbon & Kee Ltd; DeYoung, M. (1998). Another look at moral panics: The case of satanic daycare centers. Deviant Behavior, 19 (3), 257-278; Edwards, S. & Lohman, J. (1994). The impact of "moral panic" on professional behavior in cases of child sexual abuse: An international perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3 (1), 103-126; Fox, J. A. (2002, August 17). Amber Alert's dangers. The New York Times; Goode, E. & Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: The construction of deviance. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Jenkins, P. (1998). Moral panic: Changing concepts of the child molester in modern America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Jewkes, Y. (1999). Moral panics in a risk society: A critical evaluation. Studies in Crime, Order and Policing, Occasional Paper No. 15. Leicester, UK: Scarman Centre; Welch, M., Price, E. & Yankey, N. (2002). Moral panic over youth violence: Wilding and the manufacture of menace in the media. Youth & Society, 34 (1), 3-30.
7. Bagley, C. & Mallick, K. (1999). Child sexual abuse and adult offenders: New theory and research. Hants, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company; Cohen, S. (1972). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London: MacGibbon & Kee Ltd; DeYoung, M. (1998). Another look at moral panics: The case of satanic daycare centers. Deviant Behavior, 19 (3), 257-278; Edwards, S. & Lohman, J. (1994). The impact of "moral panic" on professional behavior in cases of child sexual abuse: An international perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3 (1), 103-126; Fox, J. A. (2002, August 17). Amber Alert's dangers. The New York Times; Goode, E. & Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: The construction of deviance. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Jenkins, P. (1998). Moral panic: Changing concepts of the child molester in modern America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Jewkes, Y. (1999). Moral panics in a risk society: A critical evaluation. Studies in Crime, Order and Policing, Occasional Paper No. 15. Leicester, UK: Scarman Centre; Welch, M., Price, E. & Yankey, N. (2002). Moral panic over youth violence: Wilding and the manufacture of menace in the media. Youth & Society, 34 (1), 3-30.
8. Bagley, C. & Mallick, K. (1999). Child sexual abuse and adult offenders: New theory and research. Hants, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company; Cohen, S. (1972). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London: MacGibbon & Kee Ltd; DeYoung, M. (1998). Another look at moral panics: The case of satanic daycare centers. Deviant Behavior, 19 (3), 257-278; Edwards, S. & Lohman, J. (1994). The impact of "moral panic" on professional behavior in cases of child sexual abuse: An international perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3 (1), 103-126; Fox, J. A. (2002, August 17). Amber Alert's dangers. The New York Times; Goode, E. & Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: The construction of deviance. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Jenkins, P. (1998). Moral panic: Changing concepts of the child molester in modern America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Jewkes, Y. (1999). Moral panics in a risk society: A critical evaluation. Studies in Crime, Order and Policing, Occasional Paper No. 15. Leicester, UK: Scarman Centre; Welch, M., Price, E. & Yankey, N. (2002). Moral panic over youth violence: Wilding and the manufacture of menace in the media. Youth & Society, 34 (1), 3-30.
9. Bagley, C. & Mallick, K. (1999). Child sexual abuse and adult offenders: New theory and research. Hants, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company; Cohen, S. (1972). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London: MacGibbon & Kee Ltd; DeYoung, M. (1998). Another look at moral panics: The case of satanic daycare centers. Deviant Behavior, 19 (3), 257-278; Edwards, S. & Lohman, J. (1994). The impact of "moral panic" on professional behavior in cases of child sexual abuse: An international perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3 (1), 103-126; Fox, J. A. (2002, August 17). Amber Alert's dangers. The New York Times; Goode, E. & Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: The construction of deviance. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Jenkins, P. (1998). Moral panic: Changing concepts of the child molester in modern America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Jewkes, Y. (1999). Moral panics in a risk society: A critical evaluation. Studies in Crime, Order and Policing, Occasional Paper No. 15. Leicester, UK: Scarman Centre; Welch, M., Price, E. & Yankey, N. (2002). Moral panic over youth violence: Wilding and the manufacture of menace in the media. Youth & Society, 34 (1), 3-30.
10. Fox, J. A. (2002, August 17). Amber Alert's dangers. The New York Times.
11. Finkelhor, D. & Ormrod, R. (2000, June). Kidnapping of juveniles: Patterns from NIBRS. Juvenile Justice Bulletin (NCJ 181161). Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
12. Supra note 2. See also Jenkins, supra note 1.
13. American Psychiatric Association (1999). Dangerous sexual offenders: A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC; see Jenkins, supra note 1; Palermo, G. B. & Farkas, M. A. (2001). The dilemma of the sexual offender. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; Pratt, J. (2000). Sex crimes and the new punitiveness. Behavioral Sciences, 18 (2/3), 35-151.
14. American Psychiatric Association (1999). Dangerous sexual offenders: A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC; see Jenkins, supra note 1; Palermo, G. B. & Farkas, M. A. (2001). The dilemma of the sexual offender. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; Pratt, J. (2000). Sex crimes and the new punitiveness. Behavioral Sciences, 18 (2/3), 35-151.
15. American Psychiatric Association (1999). Dangerous sexual offenders: A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC; see Jenkins, supra note 1; Palermo, G. B. & Farkas, M. A. (2001). The dilemma of the sexual offender. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; Pratt, J. (2000). Sex crimes and the new punitiveness. Behavioral Sciences, 18 (2/3), 35-151.
16. American Psychiatric Association (1999). Dangerous sexual offenders: A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC; see Jenkins, supra note 1; Palermo, G. B. & Farkas, M. A. (2001). The dilemma of the sexual offender. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; Pratt, J. (2000). Sex crimes and the new punitiveness. Behavioral Sciences, 18 (2/3), 35-151.
17. See Fox, supra note 2.
18. Amber Alert designed to cut abductions (2003, May 1). The New York Times.
19. Polly Klaas Foundation (2003). About the Amber Alert plan. Retrieved May 15, 2003, from www.amberalertnow.org.
20. I b i d.
21. Supra note 2.
22. Peters, M. (2003, February). Federal Register 7164, 68 (29).
23. I b i d.
24. Supra note 8.
25. I b i d.
26. I b i d.
27. Supra note 11.
28. I b i d.
29. Id. See also National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (2003). Amber Plan. Retrieved on May 13, 2003 from www.missingkids.com.
30. Supra note 11.
31. I b i d.
32. NCMEC, supra note 18.
33. Supra note 8.
34. Supra note 11.
35. I b i d.
36. Bazelon, A. (2003, May 4). With no sentencing leeway, what's left to judges? Washington Post.
37. Amber Alert provisions (2003, April 30). The New York Times.
38. Supra note 18.
39. Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000). Myths and facts about sex offenders. Silver Spring, MD. See also Presser, L. & Gunnison, E. (1999). Strange bedfellows: Is sex offender notification a form of community justice? Crime and Delinquency, 45 (3), 299-315.
40. Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000). Myths and facts about sex offenders. Silver Spring, MD. See also Presser, L. & Gunnison, E. (1999). Strange bedfellows: Is sex offender notification a form of community justice? Crime and Delinquency, 45 (3), 299-315.
41. See supra note 28 at 302.
42. Supra note 26.
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44. Id. See also supra note 2.
45. See supra note 31.
46. Supra note 11.
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50. Hanson, K. & Bussiere, M. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66 (2), 348-362; Nicholaichuk, T., Gordon, A., Gu, D. & Wong, S. (2000). Outcome of an institutionalized sexual offender treatment program: A comparison between treated and matched untreated offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12 (2), 139-153; Quinsey, V., Rice, M. & Harris, G. (1995). Actuarial prediction of sexual recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10 (1), 85-103; Zgoba, K., Sager, W. & Witt, P. (2003). Evaluation of New Jersey's sex offender treatment program at the Adult Diagnostic Treatment Center: Preliminary results. The Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 31, 133-164.
51. Hanson, K. & Bussiere, M. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66 (2), 348-362; Nicholaichuk, T., Gordon, A., Gu, D. & Wong, S. (2000). Outcome of an institutionalized sexual offender treatment program: A comparison between treated and matched untreated offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12 (2), 139-153; Quinsey, V., Rice, M. & Harris, G. (1995). Actuarial prediction of sexual recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10 (1), 85-103; Zgoba, K., Sager, W. & Witt, P. (2003). Evaluation of New Jersey's sex offender treatment program at the Adult Diagnostic Treatment Center: Preliminary results. The Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 31, 133-164.
52. Hanson, K. & Bussiere, M. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66 (2), 348-362; Nicholaichuk, T., Gordon, A., Gu, D. & Wong, S. (2000). Outcome of an institutionalized sexual offender treatment program: A comparison between treated and matched untreated offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12 (2), 139-153; Quinsey, V., Rice, M. & Harris, G. (1995). Actuarial prediction of sexual recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10 (1), 85-103; Zgoba, K., Sager, W. & Witt, P. (2003). Evaluation of New Jersey's sex offender treatment program at the Adult Diagnostic Treatment Center: Preliminary results. The Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 31, 133-164.
53. Hanson, K. & Bussiere, M. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66 (2), 348-362; Nicholaichuk, T., Gordon, A., Gu, D. & Wong, S. (2000). Outcome of an institutionalized sexual offender treatment program: A comparison between treated and matched untreated offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12 (2), 139-153; Quinsey, V., Rice, M. & Harris, G. (1995). Actuarial prediction of sexual recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10 (1), 85-103; Zgoba, K., Sager, W. & Witt, P. (2003). Evaluation of New Jersey's sex offender treatment program at the Adult Diagnostic Treatment Center: Preliminary results. The Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 31, 133-164.
54. Langan, P. & Levin, D. (2002, June). Recidivism of prisoners released in 1994. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report (NCJ 193427). Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
55. See Zgoba et al., supra note 38.
56. Supra note 39. See also Zgoba et al., supra note 38.
57. Hanson, K., Gordon, A., Harris, A., Marques, J., Murphy, W., Quinsey, V. & Seto, M. (2002). First report on the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14 (2), 169-194.
58. Simon, L. (1997). Do criminal offenders specialize in crime types? Applied and Preventive Psychology, 6, 35-53.
59. I b i d.
60. Supra note 25.
61. See Bazelon, supra note 25. See also Bowman, F. (2003, April 21). No time for judges. The Legal Times.
62. See Bazelon, supra note 25. See also Bowman, F. (2003, April 21). No time for judges. The Legal Times.
63. O'Neill, T. (2003, April 18). Judicial independence. New York Law Journal.
64. Supra note 18.
65. Id. See also supra note 8.
66. I b i d.