Effects of fragmentation on cattle in African savannas under variable precipitation

Landscape Ecology

Volumn 22, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 1355-1369

  Boone, Randall B ^a  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

Cattle; Coefficient of variation; Ecosystem modeling; Kenya; Precipitation; Savanna; Shrub expansion; South Africa; Subdivision; Tanzania

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL VARIATION; CATTLE; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM MODELING; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); SAVANNA; SHRUB;

AFRICA;

ANIMALIA; BOS;

EID: 35349012244     PISSN: 09212973     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10980-007-9124-4     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Andren H (1994) Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos 71:355-366
2. Ash AJ, Stafford Smith DM (1996) Evaluating stocking rate impacts in rangelands: animals don't practice what we preach. Range J 18:216-243
3. Ash A, Gross J, Stafford-Smith M (2004) Scale, heterogeneity and secondary production in tropical rangelands. Afr J Range Forage Sci 21:137-145
4. Bekure S, de Leeuw PN, Grandin BE, Neate PJH (eds) (1991) Maasai herding: analysis of the livestock production system of Maasai Pastoralists in eastern Kajiado District, Kenya. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), ILCA Systems Study 4
5. Boone RB (2000) Integrated management and assessment system training manual. Manual for IMAS, Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program, US Agency for International Development, University of California, Davis
6. Boone RB (2005) Quantifying changes in vegetation in shrinking grazing areas. Conserv Soc 3:150-173
7. Boone RB, Hobbs NT (2004) Lines around fragments: effects of fragmentation on large herbivores. Afr J Range Forage Sci 21:79-90
8. Boone RB, Wang G (2007) Cattle dynamics in African grazing systems under variable climate. J Arid Environ 70:495-513
9. Boone RB, Coughenour MB, Galvin KA, Ellis JE (2002) Addressing management questions for Ngorongoro Conservation Area using the Savanna Modeling System. Afr J Ecol 40:138-150
10. Boone RB, Galvin KA, Coughenour MB, Hudson JW, Weisberg PJ, Vogel CH, Ellis JE (2004) Ecosystem modeling adds value to a South African climate forecast. Clim Change 64:317-340
11. Boone RB, BurnSilver SB, Thornton PK, Worden JS, Galvin KA (2005) Quantifying declines in livestock due to land subdivision in Kajiado District, Kenya. Range Ecol Manage 58:523-532
12. Boone RB, Galvin KA, Thornton PK, Swift DM, Coughenour MB (2006) Cultivation and conservation in Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. Hum Ecol 34:809-828
13. Boone RB, BurnSilver SB, Worden JS, Galvin KA, Hobbs NT (in press) Large-scale movements of large herbivores: livestock following changes in seasonal forage supply. In: van Langeveld F, Prins HHT (eds) Resource ecology. Kluwer Publishing, Dordrecht
14. Coe MJ, Cumming DH, Phillipson J (1976) Biomass and production of large African herbivores in relation to rainfall and primary production. Oecol 22:341-354
15. Conrad V (1941) The variability of precipitation. Month Weather Rev 69:5-11
16. Coughenour MB (1985) Graminoid responses to grazing by large herbivores: adaptations, exaptations, and interacting processes. Ann MO Bot Gard 72:852-863
17. Coughenour MB (1992) Spatial modelling and landscape characterization of an African pastoral ecosystem: a prototype model and its potential use for monitoring drought. In: McKenzie DH, Hyatt DE, McDonald VJ (eds) Ecological indicators, vol. 1. Elsevier Applied Science, New York, pp 787-810
18. Cushman SA (2006) Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians: a review and prospectus. Biol Conserv 128:231-240
19. Davis SA, Pech RP, Catchpole EA (2002) Populations in variable environments: the effect of variability in a species' primary resource. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 357:1249-1257
20. Doncaster CP (2001) Healthy wrinkles for population dynamics: unevenly spread resources can support more users. J Anim Ecol 70:91-100
21. East R (1984) Rainfall, soil nutrient status and biomass of large African savanna mammals. Afr J Ecol 22:245-270
22. Easterling DR, Evans JL, Groisman PY, Karl YR, Kunkel KE, Ambenje P (2000) Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: a brief review. Bull Am Met Soc 81:417-425
23. 2 and landscape change using a coupled plant and meteorological model. Global Change Biol 7:797-815
24. Ellis J, Coughenour MB (1998) The Savanna integrated modelling system. In: Squires V, Sidahmed A (eds) Drylands: sustainable use of rangelands in the twenty-first century. IFAD technical reports, Rome, pp 97-106
25. Ellis J, Galvin KA (1994) Climate patterns and land-use practices in the dry zones of Africa. Bioscience 44:340-349
26. Ellis JE, Swift DM (1988) Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: alternate paradigms and implications for development. J Range Manage 41:450-459
27. Ellis JE, Coughenour MB, Swift DM (1993) Climate variability, ecosystem stability, and the implications for range and livestock development. Rethinking range ecology: implications for rangeland management in Africa. In: Behnke RH, Scoones I, Kerven C (eds) Range ecology at disequilibrium: new models of natural variability and pastoral adaptation in African savannas. Overseas Development Institute, London
28. Ewers RM, Didham RK (2005) Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation. Biol Rev 81:147-142
29. Fahrig L (2003) Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 34:487-515
30. FAO (Food, Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2001) Pastoralism in the new millennium. FAO, Rome
31. Forman RTT (1995) Land mosaics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
32. Galvin KA, Thornton PK, Boone RB, Sunderland J (2004) Climate variability and impacts on East African livestock herders: the Maasai of Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. Afr J Range Forage Sci 21:183-189
33. Galvin KA, Thornton PK, de Pinho JR, Sunderland J, Boone RB (2006) Integrated modeling and its potential for resolving conflicts between conservation and people in the rangelands of East Africa. Hum Ecol 34:155-183
34. James CD, Landsberg J, Morton SR (1999) Provision of watering points in the Australian arid zone: a review of effects on biota. J Arid Env 41:87-121
35. Lange RT (1985) Spatial distributions of stocking intensity produced by sheep flocks grazing Australian chenopod shrublands. Trans R Soc South Australia 109:167-174
36. Lewontin RC, Cohen D (1969) On population growth in a randomly varying environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 62:1056-1060
37. Ludwig JA, Coughenour MB, Liedloff AC, Dyer R (2001) Modelling the resilience of Australian savanna systems to grazing impacts. Environ Int 27:167-172
38. Mason SJ, Waylen PR, Mimmack GM, Rajaratnam B, Harrison JM (1999) Changes in extreme rainfall events in South Africa. Clim Change 41:249-257
39. McCabe JT (1995) Wildebeest/Maasai interactions in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of Tanzania. Final report (Grant No. 4953-93) submitted to the National Geographic Society, Washington
40. Mduma SAR, Sinclair ARE, Hilborn R (1999). Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. J Anim Ecol 68:1101-1122
41. Niamir-Fuller M, Turner MD (1999) A review of recent literature on pastoralism and transhumance in Africa. In: Niamir-Fuller N (ed) Managing mobility in African rangelands: the legitimization of transhumance. Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd, London
42. Nicholson SE (1980) The nature of rainfall fluctuations in sub-tropical West Africa. Month Weather Rev 108:473-487
43. Phillipson J (1975) Rainfall, primary production and 'carrying capacity' of Tsavo National Park (East), Kenya. East Afr Wildl J 13:171-201
44. Ritchie M, Olff H (1999) Spatial scaling laws yield a synthetic theory of biodiversity. Nature 400:557-560
45. Saunders DA., Hobbs RJ, Margules CR (1991) Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Cons Biol 5:18-32
46. Thornton PK, Galvin KA, Boone RB (2003) An agro-pastoral household model for the rangelands of East Africa. Agric Syst 76:601-622
47. Thornton PK, Fawcett RH, Galvin KA, Boone RB, Hudson JW, Vogel CH (2004) Evaluating management options that use climate forecasts: modeling livestock production systems in the semi-arid zone of South Africa. Clim Res 26:33-42
48. Thornton PK, BurnSilver SB, Boone RB, Galvin KA (2006) Modelling the impacts of group ranch subdivision on agro-pastoral households in Kajiado, Kenya. Agric Syst 87:331-356