메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 94, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 1583-1593

How to determine sapling buckling risk with only a few measurements

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Critical buckling height; French Guiana; Risk factor; Sapling; Stem form; Tropical rain forest; Trunk volume

Indexed keywords

COEXISTENCE; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; MEASUREMENT METHOD; RISK FACTOR; SAPLING;

EID: 35348955839     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.94.10.1583     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 2442679353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of biomechanical factors involved in stem shape variability between apricot tree varieties
    • ALMÉRAS, T., E. COSTES, AND J.-C. SALLES. 2004. Identification of biomechanical factors involved in stem shape variability between apricot tree varieties. Annals of Botany 93: 455-468.
    • (2004) Annals of Botany , vol.93 , pp. 455-468
    • ALMÉRAS, T.1    COSTES, E.2    SALLES, J.-C.3
  • 2
    • 2642583359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAKER, T. R., O. L. PHILLIPS, R. MALHI, S. ALMEIDA, L. ARROYO, A. DI FIORE, T. ERWIN, T. J. KILLEEN, S. G. LAURANCE, W. F. LAURANCE, S. L. LEWIS, J. LLOYD, A. MONTEAGUDO, D. A. NEILL, S. PATINO, N. C. A. PITMAN, J. N. M. SILVA, AND R. VASQUEZ MARTINEZ. 2004. Variation in wood density determines spatial patterns in Amazonian forest biomass. Global Change Biology 10: 545-562.
    • BAKER, T. R., O. L. PHILLIPS, R. MALHI, S. ALMEIDA, L. ARROYO, A. DI FIORE, T. ERWIN, T. J. KILLEEN, S. G. LAURANCE, W. F. LAURANCE, S. L. LEWIS, J. LLOYD, A. MONTEAGUDO, D. A. NEILL, S. PATINO, N. C. A. PITMAN, J. N. M. SILVA, AND R. VASQUEZ MARTINEZ. 2004. Variation in wood density determines spatial patterns in Amazonian forest biomass. Global Change Biology 10: 545-562.
  • 3
    • 4444382448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wood density of trees in open savannas of the Brazilian Amazon
    • BARBOSA, R. I., AND P. M. FEARNSIDE. 2004. Wood density of trees in open savannas of the Brazilian Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management 199: 115-123.
    • (2004) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.199 , pp. 115-123
    • BARBOSA, R.I.1    FEARNSIDE, P.M.2
  • 5
    • 0000694398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architecture and development of rainforest trees: Responses to light variation
    • D. M. Newbery [ed, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK
    • BONGERS, F., AND F. J. STERCK. 1998. Architecture and development of rainforest trees: responses to light variation. In D. M. Newbery [ed.], Dynamics of tropical communities, 125-162. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
    • (1998) Dynamics of tropical communities , pp. 125-162
    • BONGERS, F.1    STERCK, F.J.2
  • 6
    • 0033298501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical properties of the trunk of the devil's walking stick (Aralia spinosa, Araliaceae) during the crown-building phase: Implications for tree architecture
    • BRIAND, C. H., S. M. CAMPION, D. A. DZAMBO, AND K. A. WILSON. 1999. Biomechanical properties of the trunk of the devil's walking stick (Aralia spinosa, Araliaceae) during the crown-building phase: implications for tree architecture. American Journal of Botany 86: 1677-1682.
    • (1999) American Journal of Botany , vol.86 , pp. 1677-1682
    • BRIAND, C.H.1    CAMPION, S.M.2    DZAMBO, D.A.3    WILSON, K.A.4
  • 7
    • 0034666596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]: Mechanical properties of standing trees from different thinning regimes
    • BRUÖCHERT, F., G. BECKER, AND T. SPECK. 2000. The mechanics of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]: mechanical properties of standing trees from different thinning regimes. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 45-62.
    • (2000) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.135 , pp. 45-62
    • BRUÖCHERT, F.1    BECKER, G.2    SPECK, T.3
  • 8
    • 0000585680 scopus 로고
    • Young's modulus of sections of living branches and tree trunks
    • CANNELL, M. G. R., AND J. MORGAN. 1987. Young's modulus of sections of living branches and tree trunks. Tree Physiology 3: 355-364.
    • (1987) Tree Physiology , vol.3 , pp. 355-364
    • CANNELL, M.G.R.1    MORGAN., J.2
  • 10
    • 0001902402 scopus 로고
    • Light environments of tropical forests
    • E. Medina, H. A. Mooney, and C. Vazquez-Yanes [eds, Junk, The Hague, Netherlands
    • CHAZDON, R. L., AND N. FETCHER. 1984. Light environments of tropical forests. In E. Medina, H. A. Mooney, and C. Vazquez-Yanes [eds.], Physiological ecology of plants of the wet tropics, 27-36. Junk, The Hague, Netherlands.
    • (1984) Physiological ecology of plants of the wet tropics , pp. 27-36
    • CHAZDON, R.L.1    FETCHER, N.2
  • 11
    • 0028095671 scopus 로고
    • A simple mathematical model of growth pattern in tree stems
    • CHIBA, Y., AND K. SHINOZAKI. 1994. A simple mathematical model of growth pattern in tree stems. Annals of Botany 73: 91-98.
    • (1994) Annals of Botany , vol.73 , pp. 91-98
    • CHIBA, Y.1    SHINOZAKI, K.2
  • 13
    • 0000138074 scopus 로고
    • Stem allometry in a North Queensland tropical rainforest
    • CLAUSSEN, J. W., AND C. R. MAYCOCK. 1995. Stem allometry in a North Queensland tropical rainforest. Biotropica 27: 421-426.
    • (1995) Biotropica , vol.27 , pp. 421-426
    • CLAUSSEN, J.W.1    MAYCOCK, C.R.2
  • 14
    • 0034530734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical study of the effect of a controlled bending on tomato stem elongation: Global mechanical analysis
    • COUTAND, C., J.-L. JULIEN, B. MOULIA, J. C. MAUGET, AND D. GUITARD. 2000. Biomechanical study of the effect of a controlled bending on tomato stem elongation: global mechanical analysis. Journal of Experimental Botany 51: 1813-1824.
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Botany , vol.51 , pp. 1813-1824
    • COUTAND, C.1    JULIEN, J.-L.2    MOULIA, B.3    MAUGET, J.C.4    GUITARD, D.5
  • 15
    • 0000909912 scopus 로고
    • Radial variation in the wood specific gravity of Joannesia princeps: The roles of age and diameter
    • DE CASTRO, F., G. B. WILLIAMSON, AND R. M. DE JESUS. 1993. Radial variation in the wood specific gravity of Joannesia princeps: the roles of age and diameter. Biotropica 25: 176-182.
    • (1993) Biotropica , vol.25 , pp. 176-182
    • DE CASTRO, F.1    WILLIAMSON, G.B.2    DE JESUS, R.M.3
  • 17
    • 0001463538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New closed-form solutions for buckling of a variable stiffness column by Mathematica
    • ELISHAKOFF, I., AND O. ROLLOT. 1999. New closed-form solutions for buckling of a variable stiffness column by Mathematica. Journal of Sound and Vibration 224: 172-182.
    • (1999) Journal of Sound and Vibration , vol.224 , pp. 172-182
    • ELISHAKOFF, I.1    ROLLOT, O.2
  • 18
    • 51249194792 scopus 로고
    • Tree trunks and branches as optimum mechanical supports of the crown. I. The trunk
    • ESSER, M. H. M. 1946. Tree trunks and branches as optimum mechanical supports of the crown. I. The trunk. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 8: 65-74.
    • (1946) Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics , vol.8 , pp. 65-74
    • ESSER, M.H.M.1
  • 19
    • 33745185996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sapling strength and safety: The importance of wood density in tropical forests
    • FALSTER, D. S. 2006. Sapling strength and safety: the importance of wood density in tropical forests. New Phytologist 171: 237-239.
    • (2006) New Phytologist , vol.171 , pp. 237-239
    • FALSTER, D.S.1
  • 20
    • 0030620214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wood density for estimating forest biomass in Brazilian Amazonia
    • FEARNSIDE, P. M. 1997. Wood density for estimating forest biomass in Brazilian Amazonia. Forest Ecology and Management 90: 59-87.
    • (1997) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.90 , pp. 59-87
    • FEARNSIDE, P.M.1
  • 22
    • 0023834810 scopus 로고
    • Analytic solutions for tapered columns buckling
    • GARTH SMITH, W. G. 1988. Analytic solutions for tapered columns buckling. Computers and Structures 28: 677-681.
    • (1988) Computers and Structures , vol.28 , pp. 677-681
    • GARTH SMITH, W.G.1
  • 23
    • 0033506171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetative life history of a dominant rain forest canopy tree
    • GAVIN, D. G., AND D. R. PEART. 1999. Vegetative life history of a dominant rain forest canopy tree. Biotropica 31: 288-294.
    • (1999) Biotropica , vol.31 , pp. 288-294
    • GAVIN, D.G.1    PEART, D.R.2
  • 25
    • 0002702168 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the greatest height consistent with stability that a vertical pole or mast can be made, and the greatest height to which a tree of given proportions can grow
    • GREENHILL, A. G. 1881. Determination of the greatest height consistent with stability that a vertical pole or mast can be made, and the greatest height to which a tree of given proportions can grow. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 4: 65-73.
    • (1881) Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society , vol.4 , pp. 65-73
    • GREENHILL, A.G.1
  • 27
    • 0032968253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interpretation of stem diameter-height allometry in trees: Biomechanical constraints, neighbour effects, or biased regressions?
    • HENRY, H. A. L., AND L. W. AARSSEN. 1999. The interpretation of stem diameter-height allometry in trees: biomechanical constraints, neighbour effects, or biased regressions? Ecology Letters 2: 89-97.
    • (1999) Ecology Letters , vol.2 , pp. 89-97
    • HENRY, H.A.L.1    AARSSEN, L.W.2
  • 28
    • 0038740552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root anchorage of saplings and cuttings of woody pioneer species in a riparian environment
    • KARRENBERG, S., S. BLASER, J. KOLLMANN, T. SPECK, AND P. J. EDWARDS. 2003. Root anchorage of saplings and cuttings of woody pioneer species in a riparian environment. Functional Ecology 17: 170-177.
    • (2003) Functional Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 170-177
    • KARRENBERG, S.1    BLASER, S.2    KOLLMANN, J.3    SPECK, T.4    EDWARDS, P.J.5
  • 30
    • 27744510858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical perturbation affects conductivity, mechanical properties and aboveground biomass of hybrid poplars
    • KERN, K. A., F. W. EWERS, F. W. TELEWSKI, AND L. KOEHLER. 2005. Mechanical perturbation affects conductivity, mechanical properties and aboveground biomass of hybrid poplars. Tree Physiology 25: 1243-1251.
    • (2005) Tree Physiology , vol.25 , pp. 1243-1251
    • KERN, K.A.1    EWERS, F.W.2    TELEWSKI, F.W.3    KOEHLER, L.4
  • 31
    • 0000085634 scopus 로고
    • Tree dimensions: Maximizing the rate of height growth in dense stands
    • KING, D. A. 1981. Tree dimensions: maximizing the rate of height growth in dense stands. Oecologia 51: 351-356.
    • (1981) Oecologia , vol.51 , pp. 351-356
    • KING, D.A.1
  • 32
    • 0022857427 scopus 로고
    • Tree form, height growth, and susceptibility to wind damage in Acer saccharum
    • KING, D. A. 1986. Tree form, height growth, and susceptibility to wind damage in Acer saccharum. Ecology 67: 980-990.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 980-990
    • KING, D.A.1
  • 33
    • 0000189808 scopus 로고
    • Load bearing capacity of understory treelets of a tropical wet forest
    • KING, D. A. 1987. Load bearing capacity of understory treelets of a tropical wet forest. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 114: 419-428.
    • (1987) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.114 , pp. 419-428
    • KING, D.A.1
  • 34
    • 0026278608 scopus 로고
    • Correlations between biomass allocation, relative growth rate and light environment in tropical forest saplings
    • KING, D. A. 1991. Correlations between biomass allocation, relative growth rate and light environment in tropical forest saplings. Functional Ecology 5: 485-492.
    • (1991) Functional Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 485-492
    • KING, D.A.1
  • 35
    • 0028161740 scopus 로고
    • Influence of light level on the growth and morphology of saplings in a Panamanian forest
    • KING, D. A. 1994. Influence of light level on the growth and morphology of saplings in a Panamanian forest. American Journal of Botany 81: 948-957.
    • (1994) American Journal of Botany , vol.81 , pp. 948-957
    • KING, D.A.1
  • 36
    • 33645803645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of wood density and stem support costs in the growth and mortality of tropical trees
    • KING, D. A., S. J. DAVIES, S. TAN, AND N. S. M. NOOR. 2006. The role of wood density and stem support costs in the growth and mortality of tropical trees. Journal of Ecology 94: 670-680.
    • (2006) Journal of Ecology , vol.94 , pp. 670-680
    • KING, D.A.1    DAVIES, S.J.2    TAN, S.3    NOOR, N.S.M.4
  • 38
    • 0025682586 scopus 로고
    • Significance of allometry in tropical saplings
    • KOHYAMA, T., AND M. HOTTA. 1990. Significance of allometry in tropical saplings. Functional Ecology 4: 515-521.
    • (1990) Functional Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 515-521
    • KOHYAMA, T.1    HOTTA, M.2
  • 39
    • 35348986410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KOLLMANN, F. F. P., AND W. A. J. COTE. 1968. Principles of wood science and technology. I. Solid wood. Allen & Unwin, Berlin, Germany.
    • KOLLMANN, F. F. P., AND W. A. J. COTE. 1968. Principles of wood science and technology. I. Solid wood. Allen & Unwin, Berlin, Germany.
  • 40
    • 0002487706 scopus 로고
    • Stem form development of forest trees
    • LARSON, P. R. 1963. Stem form development of forest trees. Forest Science Monograph 5: 1-42.
    • (1963) Forest Science Monograph , vol.5 , pp. 1-42
    • LARSON, P.R.1
  • 41
    • 0035335480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exact solutions for buckling of non-uniform columns under axial concentrated and distributed loading
    • LI, Q. S. 2001. Exact solutions for buckling of non-uniform columns under axial concentrated and distributed loading. European Journal of Mechanics, A/Solids 20: 485-500.
    • (2001) European Journal of Mechanics, A/Solids , vol.20 , pp. 485-500
    • LI, Q.S.1
  • 42
    • 0344898132 scopus 로고
    • Why they grow, how they grow: The mechanics of trees
    • MATTHECK, C. 1990. Why they grow, how they grow: the mechanics of trees. Arboricultural Journal 14: 1-17.
    • (1990) Arboricultural Journal , vol.14 , pp. 1-17
    • MATTHECK, C.1
  • 44
    • 0015933660 scopus 로고
    • Size and shape in biology. Elastic criteria impose limits on biological proportions, and consequently on metabolic rates
    • MCMAHON, T. A. 1973. Size and shape in biology. Elastic criteria impose limits on biological proportions, and consequently on metabolic rates. Science 179: 1201-1204.
    • (1973) Science , vol.179 , pp. 1201-1204
    • MCMAHON, T.A.1
  • 45
    • 0036941487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light gradient partitioning by tropical tree seedlings in the absence of canopy gaps
    • MONTGOMERY, R. A., AND R. L. CHAZDON. 2002. Light gradient partitioning by tropical tree seedlings in the absence of canopy gaps. Oecologia 131: 165-174.
    • (2002) Oecologia , vol.131 , pp. 165-174
    • MONTGOMERY, R.A.1    CHAZDON, R.L.2
  • 46
    • 1842486739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific and inter-site variation in wood specific gravity of tropical trees
    • MULLER-LANDAU, H. C. 2004. Interspecific and inter-site variation in wood specific gravity of tropical trees. Biotropica 36: 20-32.
    • (2004) Biotropica , vol.36 , pp. 20-32
    • MULLER-LANDAU, H.C.1
  • 47
    • 0002280923 scopus 로고
    • Biophysical limitations on plant form and evolution
    • L. D. Gottlieb and S. K. Jain [eds, Chapman and Hall, London, UK
    • NIKLAS, K. J. 1988. Biophysical limitations on plant form and evolution. In L. D. Gottlieb and S. K. Jain [eds.], Plant evolutionary biology, 185-220. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
    • (1988) Plant evolutionary biology , pp. 185-220
    • NIKLAS, K.J.1
  • 48
    • 0001684360 scopus 로고
    • Influence of tissue density-specific mechanical properties on the scaling of plant height
    • NIKLAS, K. J. 1993. Influence of tissue density-specific mechanical properties on the scaling of plant height. Annals of Botany 72: 173-179.
    • (1993) Annals of Botany , vol.72 , pp. 173-179
    • NIKLAS, K.J.1
  • 49
    • 0028121179 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific allometries of critical buckling height and actual plant height
    • NIKLAS, K. J. 1994. Interspecific allometries of critical buckling height and actual plant height. American Journal of Botany 81: 1275-1279.
    • (1994) American Journal of Botany , vol.81 , pp. 1275-1279
    • NIKLAS, K.J.1
  • 50
    • 0029169465 scopus 로고
    • Plant height and the properties of some herbaceous stems
    • NIKLAS, K. J. 1995. Plant height and the properties of some herbaceous stems. Annals of Botany 75: 133-142.
    • (1995) Annals of Botany , vol.75 , pp. 133-142
    • NIKLAS, K.J.1
  • 51
    • 0030953963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical properties of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) wood. Size and age-dependent variations in sapand heartwood
    • NIKLAS, K. J. 1997. Mechanical properties of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) wood. Size and age-dependent variations in sapand heartwood. Annals of Botany 79: 265-272.
    • (1997) Annals of Botany , vol.79 , pp. 265-272
    • NIKLAS, K.J.1
  • 52
    • 0033301723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the factor of safety within the superstructure of a dicot tree
    • NIKLAS, K. J. 1999a. Changes in the factor of safety within the superstructure of a dicot tree. American Journal of Botany 86: 688-696.
    • (1999) American Journal of Botany , vol.86 , pp. 688-696
    • NIKLAS, K.J.1
  • 53
    • 0033301725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanical role of bark
    • NIKLAS, K. J. 1999b. The mechanical role of bark. American Journal of Botany 86: 465-469.
    • (1999) American Journal of Botany , vol.86 , pp. 465-469
    • NIKLAS, K.J.1
  • 54
    • 8144230759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and hydraulic (not mechanical) constraints govern the scaling of tree height and mass
    • NIKLAS, K. J., AND H.-C. SPATZ. 2004. Growth and hydraulic (not mechanical) constraints govern the scaling of tree height and mass. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101: 15661-15663.
    • (2004) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA , vol.101 , pp. 15661-15663
    • NIKLAS, K.J.1    SPATZ, H.-C.2
  • 55
    • 0028978311 scopus 로고
    • Diameter, height, crown, and age relationship in eight neotropical tree species
    • O'BRIEN, S. T., S. P. HUBBELL, P. SPIRO, R. CONDIT, AND R. B. FOSTER. 1995. Diameter, height, crown, and age relationship in eight neotropical tree species. Ecology 76: 1926-1939.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1926-1939
    • O'BRIEN, S.T.1    HUBBELL, S.P.2    SPIRO, P.3    CONDIT, R.4    FOSTER, R.B.5
  • 56
    • 0000945260 scopus 로고
    • Height and stem diameter relationships for dicotyledonous trees and arborescent palms of Costa Rican tropical wet forest
    • RICH, P. M., K. HELENURM, D. KEARNS, S. R. MORSE, M. W. PALMER, AND L. SHORT. 1986. Height and stem diameter relationships for dicotyledonous trees and arborescent palms of Costa Rican tropical wet forest. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 113: 241-246.
    • (1986) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.113 , pp. 241-246
    • RICH, P.M.1    HELENURM, K.2    KEARNS, D.3    MORSE, S.R.4    PALMER, M.W.5    SHORT., L.6
  • 57
    • 0000101520 scopus 로고
    • Radial and vertical wood specific gravity in Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. (Bombacaceae)
    • RUEDA, R., AND G. B. WILLIAMSON. 1992. Radial and vertical wood specific gravity in Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. (Bombacaceae). Biotropica 24: 512-518.
    • (1992) Biotropica , vol.24 , pp. 512-518
    • RUEDA, R.1    WILLIAMSON, G.B.2
  • 58
    • 35349006203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPATZ, H.-C. 2000. Greenhill's formula for the critical Euler buckling length revisited. Proceedings of the 3rd Plant Biomechanics Conference, Freiburg-Badenweiler, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, H.-C. Spatz and T. Speck.
    • SPATZ, H.-C. 2000. Greenhill's formula for the critical Euler buckling length revisited. Proceedings of the 3rd Plant Biomechanics Conference, Freiburg-Badenweiler, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, H.-C. Spatz and T. Speck.
  • 59
    • 0034666542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic biomechanics of self-supporting plants: Wind loads and gravitational loads on a Norway spruce tree
    • SPATZ, H.-C., AND F. BRUECHERT. 2000. Basic biomechanics of self-supporting plants: wind loads and gravitational loads on a Norway spruce tree. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 33-44.
    • (2000) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.135 , pp. 33-44
    • SPATZ, H.-C.1    BRUECHERT, F.2
  • 60
    • 0036186164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oscillation frequencies of tapered plant stems
    • SPATZ, H.-C., AND O. SPECK. 2002. Oscillation frequencies of tapered plant stems. American Journal of Botany 89: 1-11.
    • (2002) American Journal of Botany , vol.89 , pp. 1-11
    • SPATZ, H.-C.1    SPECK, O.2
  • 61
    • 0001393692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling of stem and crown in eight Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) species of Brazil
    • SPOSITO, T. C., AND F. A. M. SANTOS. 2001. Scaling of stem and crown in eight Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) species of Brazil. American Journal of Botany 88: 939-949.
    • (2001) American Journal of Botany , vol.88 , pp. 939-949
    • SPOSITO, T.C.1    SANTOS, F.A.M.2
  • 62
    • 0032228830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic changes in size, allometry, and mechanical design of tropical rain forest trees
    • STERCK, F. J., AND F. BONGERS. 1998. Ontogenetic changes in size, allometry, and mechanical design of tropical rain forest trees. American Journal of Botany 85: 266-272.
    • (1998) American Journal of Botany , vol.85 , pp. 266-272
    • STERCK, F.J.1    BONGERS, F.2
  • 63
    • 0033199843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity in specific gravity and water content of wood among Bornean tropical rainforest trees
    • SUZUKI, E. 1999. Diversity in specific gravity and water content of wood among Bornean tropical rainforest trees. Ecological Research 14: 211-224.
    • (1999) Ecological Research , vol.14 , pp. 211-224
    • SUZUKI, E.1
  • 64
    • 0002117956 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of lodging safety factor of untreated and succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide- treated shoots of mulberry tree
    • TATENO, M., AND K. BAE. 1990. Comparison of lodging safety factor of untreated and succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide- treated shoots of mulberry tree. Plant Physiology 92: 12-16.
    • (1990) Plant Physiology , vol.92 , pp. 12-16
    • TATENO, M.1    BAE, K.2
  • 65
    • 33745183121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wood mechanics, allometry, and life-history variation in a tropical rain forest tree community
    • VAN GELDER, H. A., L. POORTER, AND F. J. STERCK. 2006. Wood mechanics, allometry, and life-history variation in a tropical rain forest tree community. New Phytologist 171: 367-378.
    • (2006) New Phytologist , vol.171 , pp. 367-378
    • VAN GELDER, H.A.1    POORTER, L.2    STERCK, F.J.3
  • 66
    • 0001290817 scopus 로고
    • Extreme radial changes in wood specific gravity in some tropical pioneers
    • WIEMANN, M. C., AND G. B. WILLIAMSON. 1988. Extreme radial changes in wood specific gravity in some tropical pioneers. Wood and Fiber Science 20: 344-349.
    • (1988) Wood and Fiber Science , vol.20 , pp. 344-349
    • WIEMANN, M.C.1    WILLIAMSON, G.B.2
  • 67
    • 0000804857 scopus 로고
    • Radial gradients in the specific gravity of wood in some tropical and temperate trees
    • WIEMANN, M. C., AND G. B. WILLIAMSON. 1989. Radial gradients in the specific gravity of wood in some tropical and temperate trees. Forest Science 35: 197-210.
    • (1989) Forest Science , vol.35 , pp. 197-210
    • WIEMANN, M.C.1    WILLIAMSON, G.B.2
  • 68
    • 0036694934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wood specific gravity and its radial variations: The many ways to make a tree
    • WOODCOCK, D. W., AND A. D. SHIER. 2002. Wood specific gravity and its radial variations: the many ways to make a tree. Trees - Structure and Function 16: 437-443.
    • (2002) Trees - Structure and Function , vol.16 , pp. 437-443
    • WOODCOCK, D.W.1    SHIER, A.D.2
  • 69
    • 0037381590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does canopy position affect wood specific gravity in temperate forest trees?
    • WOODCOCK, D. W., AND A. D. SHIER. 2003. Does canopy position affect wood specific gravity in temperate forest trees? Annals of Botany 91: 529-537.
    • (2003) Annals of Botany , vol.91 , pp. 529-537
    • WOODCOCK, D.W.1    SHIER, A.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.