A fence design for excluding elk without impeding other wildlife

Rangeland Ecology and Management

Volumn 60, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 529-532

  VerCauteren, Kurt C ^a   Seward, Nathan W ^a   Lavelle, Michael J ^a   Fischer, Justin W ^a   Phillips, Gregory E ^a  

^a NATIONAL WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Aspen regeneration; Cervus elaphus; Exclosure; Herbivory; Wildlife damage management

Indexed keywords

DECIDUOUS TREE; DEER; HERBIVORY; REGENERATION; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; STEM; VEGETATION COVER; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

ANIMALIA; CANIS LATRANS; CASTOR CANADENSIS; CERVIDAE; CERVUS ELAPHUS; LAGOMORPHA; LEPORIDAE; LYNX; LYNX RUFUS; MAMMALIA; ODOCOILEUS; POPULUS TREMULOIDES; PROCYON; PROCYON LOTOR; PUMA CONCOLOR; URSUS AMERICANUS; VULPES; VULPES VULPES;

EID: 35348954378     PISSN: 15507424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[529:AFDFEE]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. BAKER, W. L., J. A. MUNROE, AND A. E. HESSEL. 1997. The effects of elk on aspen in the winter range in Rocky Mountain National Park. Ecography 20:155-165.
2. BINFET, J., AND D. W. LUTZ. 2003. Deer and elk population status and harvest structure in western North America: a summary of state and provincial status surveys. In: S. A. Tessmann [ED.]. Proceedings of the 5th Western States and Provinces Deer and Elk Workshop; 21-23. May 2003. Jackson, WY: Western States and Provinces Deer and Elk Workshop. p. 48-68.
3. BONHAM, C. D. 1989. Measurements for terrestrial vegetation. New York, NY: John Wiley. 338 p.
4. GODDARD, P. J., R. W. SUMMERS, A. J. MACdONALD, C. MURRAY, AND A. R. FAWCETT. 2001. Behavioral responses of red deer to fences of 5 different designs. Applied Animal Behavioral Science 73:289-298.
5. HOUSTON, D. B. 1982. The northern Yellowstone elk. New York, NY: MacMillan. 474 p.
6. KAYE, M. W., T. J. STOHLGREN, AND D. BINKLEY. 2003. Aspen structure and variability in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Landscape Ecology 18:591-603.
7. LYON, L. J., AND A. L. WARD. 1982. Elk and land management. In: J. W. Thomas and D. E. Toweill [EDS.]. Elk of North America: Ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 443-477.
8. RIPPLE, W. J., AND R. L. BESCHTA. 2006. Linking wolves to willows via risk-sensitive foraging by ungulates in the northern Yellowstone ecosystem. Forest Ecology and Management 230:96-106.
9. SAS. 2003. Version 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
10. SAS. 2006. The GLIMMIX procedure, Version 9.1. Available at: http://www.sas.com/apps/demosdownloads/setupcat.jsp;jsessionid= CE692E98A73DBE1222944670E004C256.tomcat3?cat=SAS%2FSTAT+Software. Accessed 20 February 2007.
11. SCHOENECKER, K. A., F. J. SINGER, L. C. ZEIGENFUSS, D. BINKLEY, AND R. S. C. MENEZES. 2004. Effects of elk herbivory on vegetation and nitrogen processes. Journal of Wildlife Management 68:837-849.
12. SINGER, F. J., L. C. ZEIGENFUSS, B. LUBOW, AND M. J. ROCK. 2002. Ecological evaluation of potential overabundance of ungulates in U.S. National Parks: a case study. In: F. J. Singer and L. C. Zeigenfuss [EDS.]. Ecological evaluation of the abundance and effects of elk herbivory in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, 1994-1999. Fort Collins, CO: US Geological Survey and Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. p. 205-248.
13. VERCAUTEREN, K. C., M. J. LAVELLE, AND S. E. HYGNSTROM. 2006. Fences and deer-damage management: a review of designs and efficacy. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34:191-200.
14. VERCAUTEREN, K. C, J. A. SHIVIK, AND M. J. LAVELLE. 2005. Efficacy of an animal-activated frightening device on urban elk and mule deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33:1282-1287.