메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 38-55

Phonemic segmentation using the generalised Gamma distribution and small sample Bayesian information criterion

Author keywords

Bayesian information criterion; Generalised Gamma distribution; Phonemic segmentation; Small sample

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; BAYESIAN NETWORKS; INFORMATION ANALYSIS; PROBLEM SOLVING;

EID: 35348882681     PISSN: 01676393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.specom.2007.06.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 35348908830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adell, J., Bonafonte, A., 2004. Towards phone segmentation for concatenative speech synthesis. In: Proc. 5th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW5), June, pp. 139-144.
  • 2
    • 0016355478 scopus 로고
    • A new look at the statistical model identification
    • Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. 19 24 (1974) 716-723
    • (1974) IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. , vol.19 , Issue.24 , pp. 716-723
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 3
    • 0033452260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding information criteria for selection among capture-recapture or ring recovery models
    • Anderson D., and Burnham K. Understanding information criteria for selection among capture-recapture or ring recovery models. Bird Study 46 (1999) 514-521
    • (1999) Bird Study , vol.46 , pp. 514-521
    • Anderson, D.1    Burnham, K.2
  • 4
    • 0028162278 scopus 로고
    • AIC model selection in overdispersed capture-recapture data
    • Anderson D., and White G. AIC model selection in overdispersed capture-recapture data. Ecology 75 (1994) 1780-1793
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1780-1793
    • Anderson, D.1    White, G.2
  • 5
    • 0035574930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aversano, G., Esposito, A., Marinaro, M., 2001. A new text-independent method for phoneme segmentation. In: Proc. 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 2, pp. 516-519.
  • 6
    • 35348904324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bakis, R., Chen, S., Gopalakrishnan, P., Gopinath, R., Maes, S., Polymenakos, L., Franz, M., 1997. Transcription of broadcast news shows with the IBM large vocabulary speech recognition system. In: Proc. Speech Recognition Workshop, pp. 67-72.
  • 7
    • 0041193473 scopus 로고
    • Algorithm AS 103: Psi (digamma) function
    • Bernardo J. Algorithm AS 103: Psi (digamma) function. Appl. Statist. 25 (1976) 315-317
    • (1976) Appl. Statist. , vol.25 , pp. 315-317
    • Bernardo, J.1
  • 8
    • 3142698408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modifying the Schwarz Bayesian information criterion to locate multiple interacting quantitative trait loci
    • Bogdan M., Ghosh J., and Doerge R. Modifying the Schwarz Bayesian information criterion to locate multiple interacting quantitative trait loci. Genetics 167 (2004) 989-999
    • (2004) Genetics , vol.167 , pp. 989-999
    • Bogdan, M.1    Ghosh, J.2    Doerge, R.3
  • 9
    • 35348870275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bollen, K., Ray, O., Zavisca, J., 2005. A scaled unit information prior approximation to Bayes factor. SAMSI LVSSS Workshop Transition Workshop: Latent Variable Models in the Social Sciences, November.
  • 10
    • 34250108028 scopus 로고
    • Model selection and Akaike's information criterion (AIC): the general theory and its analytical extensions
    • Bozdogan H. Model selection and Akaike's information criterion (AIC): the general theory and its analytical extensions. Psychometrika 52 (1987) 345-370
    • (1987) Psychometrika , vol.52 , pp. 345-370
    • Bozdogan, H.1
  • 11
    • 35348844474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bozdogan, H., 1988. ICOMP: a new model selection criterion. In: Proc. Classification and Related Methods in of Data Analysis, April, pp. 599-608.
  • 12
    • 35348814213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brugnara, F., De Mori, R., Giuliani, D., Omologo, M., 1992. Improved connected digit recognition using spectral variation functions. In: Proc. Internat. Conf. on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP92), October, Vol. 1, pp. 627-630.
  • 13
    • 8744307994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodel inference understanding AIC and BIC in model selection
    • Burnham K., and Anderson D. Multimodel inference understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociol. Methods Res. 33 2 (2004) 261-304
    • (2004) Sociol. Methods Res. , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 261-304
    • Burnham, K.1    Anderson, D.2
  • 14
    • 35348923392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cettolo, M., Federico, M., 2000. Model selection criteria for acoustic segmentation. In: Proc. ISCA ITRW ASR2000 Automatic Speech Recognition, pp. 221-227.
  • 15
    • 85009164459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chang, J., Shin, J., Kim, N.S., 2003. Likelihood ratio test with complex Laplacian model for voice activity detection. In: Proc. European Conf. on Speech Communication Technology, pp. 1065-1068.
  • 16
    • 35348893046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chen, S., Gopalakrishnam, P., 1998. Speaker, environment and channel change detection and clustering via the Bayesian information criterion. In: DARPA Speech Rec. Workshop.
  • 18
    • 0031272327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient approximations for the marginal likelihood of Bayesian networks with hidden variables
    • Chickering D., and Heckerman D. Efficient approximations for the marginal likelihood of Bayesian networks with hidden variables. Machine Learning 29 2-3 (1997) 181-212
    • (1997) Machine Learning , vol.29 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 181-212
    • Chickering, D.1    Heckerman, D.2
  • 19
    • 0041541764 scopus 로고
    • Modified moment estimation for the three-parameter gamma distribution
    • Cohen A., and Whitten B. Modified moment estimation for the three-parameter gamma distribution. J. Quality Technol. 17 (1986) 147-154
    • (1986) J. Quality Technol. , vol.17 , pp. 147-154
    • Cohen, A.1    Whitten, B.2
  • 20
    • 18544383423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model comparisons using information measures
    • Dayton C. Model comparisons using information measures. Modern Appl. Statist. Methods 2 (2003) 281-292
    • (2003) Modern Appl. Statist. Methods , vol.2 , pp. 281-292
    • Dayton, C.1
  • 21
    • 0034273195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DISTBIC: a speaker-based segmentation for audio data indexing
    • Delacourt P., and Wellekens C.J. DISTBIC: a speaker-based segmentation for audio data indexing. Speech Comm. 32 1-2 (2000) 111-126
    • (2000) Speech Comm. , vol.32 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 111-126
    • Delacourt, P.1    Wellekens, C.J.2
  • 22
    • 26844465977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Esposito, A., Aversano, G., 2004. Text independent methods for speech segmentation. In: Proc. Summer School on Neural Networks, pp. 261-290.
  • 23
    • 35348914586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garofolo, J., Lamel, L., Fisher, W., Fiscus, J., Pallett, D., Dahlgren, N., 1990. The DARPA TIMIT acoustic-phonetic continuous speech corpus. National Institute of Standards and Technology Speech. Disc 1-1.1, NTIS Order No. PB91-505065.
  • 24
    • 0038610905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speech probability distribution
    • Gazor S., and Zhang W. Speech probability distribution. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 10 7 (2003) 204-207
    • (2003) IEEE Signal Process. Lett. , vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp. 204-207
    • Gazor, S.1    Zhang, W.2
  • 26
    • 35348918082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gheissari, N., Bab-Hadiashar, A., 2003. Model selection criteria in computer vision are they different? In: Proc. Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications, December, Vol. 1, pp. 185-204.
  • 27
    • 0038359548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A probabilistic framework for segment-based speech recognition
    • Glass J. A probabilistic framework for segment-based speech recognition. Comput. Speech Lang. 17 (2003) 137-152
    • (2003) Comput. Speech Lang. , vol.17 , pp. 137-152
    • Glass, J.1
  • 28
    • 35348874704 scopus 로고
    • Inferential procedures for the generalized Gamma distribution
    • Hager H., and Bain L. Inferential procedures for the generalized Gamma distribution. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 82 (1987) 528-550
    • (1987) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.82 , pp. 528-550
    • Hager, H.1    Bain, L.2
  • 29
    • 0000263475 scopus 로고
    • The determination of the order of an autoregression
    • Hannan E., and Quinn B. The determination of the order of an autoregression. J. Roy. Statist. Soci. Ser. B 41 (1978) 190-195
    • (1978) J. Roy. Statist. Soci. Ser. B , vol.41 , pp. 190-195
    • Hannan, E.1    Quinn, B.2
  • 30
    • 0005276475 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of a four-parameter generalized gamma population from complete and censored samples
    • Harter H. Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of a four-parameter generalized gamma population from complete and censored samples. Technometrics 9 (1967) 159-165
    • (1967) Technometrics , vol.9 , pp. 159-165
    • Harter, H.1
  • 31
    • 0000554045 scopus 로고
    • On the choice of a model to fit the data from an exponential family
    • Haughton D. On the choice of a model to fit the data from an exponential family. Ann. Statist. 16 (1988) 342-355
    • (1988) Ann. Statist. , vol.16 , pp. 342-355
    • Haughton, D.1
  • 32
    • 33947678069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huy Dat, T., Takeda, K., Itakura, F., 2006. Multichannel speech enhancement based on speech spectral magnitude estimation using generalized Gamma prior distribution. In: Proc. 2006 IEEE Internat. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May, Vol. 4, pp. 1149-1152.
  • 33
    • 12244312803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On new moment estimation of parameters of the Gamma distribution using its characterization
    • Hwang T., and Huang P. On new moment estimation of parameters of the Gamma distribution using its characterization. Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. 54 4 (2002) 840-847
    • (2002) Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 840-847
    • Hwang, T.1    Huang, P.2
  • 34
    • 0025680225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jankowski, C., Kalyanswamy, A., Basson, S., Spitz, J., 1990. NTIMIT: a phonetically balanced, continuous speech, telephone bandwidth speech database. In: Proc. 1990 IEEE Internat. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 109-112.
  • 35
    • 80155152672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kadri, H., Lachiri, Z., Ellouze, N., 2006. Hybrid approach for unsupervised audio speaker segmentation. In: Proc. European Conf. in Signal Processing.
  • 36
    • 0017547221 scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian comparison of different classes of dynamic models using empirical data
    • Kashyap R. A Bayesian comparison of different classes of dynamic models using empirical data. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. AC-22 5 (1977) 715-727
    • (1977) IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. , vol.AC-22 , Issue.5 , pp. 715-727
    • Kashyap, R.1
  • 37
    • 27944462549 scopus 로고
    • A reference Bayesian test for nested hypotheses and its relationship to the Schwarz criterion
    • Kass R., and Wasserman L. A reference Bayesian test for nested hypotheses and its relationship to the Schwarz criterion. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 90 (1995) 928-934
    • (1995) J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , vol.90 , pp. 928-934
    • Kass, R.1    Wasserman, L.2
  • 38
    • 33947705206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kokkinakis, K., Nandi, A., 2006. Flexible score functions for blind separation of speech signals based on generalized gamma probability density functions. In: Proc. 2006 IEEE Internat. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May, Vol. 1, pp. 1217-1220.
  • 39
    • 85009168667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kominek, J., Bennet, C., Black, A., 2003. Evaluating and correcting phoneme segmentation for unit selection synthesis. In: Proc. 8th European Conf. on Speech Communication and Technology (EUROSPEECH2003), September, pp. 313-316.
  • 40
    • 8744255562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIC and BIC: comparisons of assumptions and performance
    • Kuha J. AIC and BIC: comparisons of assumptions and performance. Sociol. Methods Res. 33 2 (2004) 188-229
    • (2004) Sociol. Methods Res. , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 188-229
    • Kuha, J.1
  • 41
    • 0019048114 scopus 로고
    • Inference in the generalized gamma and log gamma distributions
    • Lawless J. Inference in the generalized gamma and log gamma distributions. Technometrics 33 (1980) 409-419
    • (1980) Technometrics , vol.33 , pp. 409-419
    • Lawless, J.1
  • 42
    • 0001373780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the complexity of additive clustering models
    • Lee M. On the complexity of additive clustering models. Math. Psychol. 45 1 (2002) 131-148
    • (2002) Math. Psychol. , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-148
    • Lee, M.1
  • 43
    • 35348846394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Martin, R., 2005. Speech enhancement using short time spectral estimation with Gamma distributed priors. In: Proc. 2005 IEEE Internat. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Vol. 1, pp. 253-256.
  • 44
    • 0028996888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitchell, C., Harper, M., Jamieson, L., 1995. Using explicit segmentation to improve HMM phone recognition. In: Proc. 1995 IEEE Internat. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 1, pp. 229-232.
  • 45
    • 33645782521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acoustic modeling for speech recognition based on a generalized Laplacian mixture distribution
    • Nakamura A. Acoustic modeling for speech recognition based on a generalized Laplacian mixture distribution. IEICE Trans. Inform. Syst. J83-D-II 11 (2000) 2118-2127
    • (2000) IEICE Trans. Inform. Syst. , vol.J83-D-II , Issue.11 , pp. 2118-2127
    • Nakamura, A.1
  • 46
    • 0035274536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust voice activity detection using higher-order statistics in the LPC residual domain
    • Nemer E., Goubran R., and Mahmould S. Robust voice activity detection using higher-order statistics in the LPC residual domain. IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process. 9 3 (2001) 217-231
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process. , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-231
    • Nemer, E.1    Goubran, R.2    Mahmould, S.3
  • 47
    • 0029208666 scopus 로고
    • Effective parameter optimization for groundwater model calibration
    • Olsthoorn T. Effective parameter optimization for groundwater model calibration. Ground Water. 33 (1995) 42-48
    • (1995) Ground Water. , vol.33 , pp. 42-48
    • Olsthoorn, T.1
  • 48
    • 33749197851 scopus 로고
    • A method for discriminating between failure density functions used in reliability predictions
    • Parr V., and Webster J. A method for discriminating between failure density functions used in reliability predictions. Technometrics 7 (1965) 1-10
    • (1965) Technometrics , vol.7 , pp. 1-10
    • Parr, V.1    Webster, J.2
  • 49
    • 0032139769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic segmentation of speech recorded in unknown noisy channel characteristics
    • Pellom B., and Hansen J. Automatic segmentation of speech recorded in unknown noisy channel characteristics. Speech Commun. 25 1-3 (1998) 97-116
    • (1998) Speech Commun. , vol.25 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 97-116
    • Pellom, B.1    Hansen, J.2
  • 52
    • 0033249408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayes factors and BIC: comment on "A critique of the Bayesian information criterion for model selection"
    • Raftery A. Bayes factors and BIC: comment on "A critique of the Bayesian information criterion for model selection". Sociol. Methods Res. 27 3 (1999) 411-427
    • (1999) Sociol. Methods Res. , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-427
    • Raftery, A.1
  • 53
    • 0000595983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model selection for generalized linear models via GLIB, with application to epidemiology
    • Raftery A., and Richardson S. Model selection for generalized linear models via GLIB, with application to epidemiology. Bayesian Biostatist. (1996) 321-354
    • (1996) Bayesian Biostatist. , pp. 321-354
    • Raftery, A.1    Richardson, S.2
  • 54
    • 0018015137 scopus 로고
    • Modeling by the shortest data description
    • Rissanen J. Modeling by the shortest data description. Automatica 14 (1978) 465-471
    • (1978) Automatica , vol.14 , pp. 465-471
    • Rissanen, J.1
  • 55
    • 4544317394 scopus 로고
    • Algorithm AS 121: trigamma function
    • Schneider B. Algorithm AS 121: trigamma function. Appl. Statist. 27 (1978) 97-99
    • (1978) Appl. Statist. , vol.27 , pp. 97-99
    • Schneider, B.1
  • 56
    • 0000120766 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the dimension of a model
    • Schwarz G. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann. Statist. 6 (1978) 461-464
    • (1978) Ann. Statist. , vol.6 , pp. 461-464
    • Schwarz, G.1
  • 57
    • 33947620115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schwarz, P., Matejka, P., Cernocky, J., 2006. Hierarchical structures of neural networks for phoneme recognition. In: Proc. 2006 IEEE Internat. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May, Vol. 1, pp. 325-328.
  • 58
    • 35348865418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shewchuk, J., 1994. An introduction to the conjugate gradient method without the agonizing pain. Technical Report CMU-CS-94-125, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, March.
  • 59
    • 14644439205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical modeling of speech signals based on generalized gamma distribution
    • Shin J.W., and Chang J.-H. Statistical modeling of speech signals based on generalized gamma distribution. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 12 3 (2005) 258-261
    • (2005) IEEE Signal Process. Lett. , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 258-261
    • Shin, J.W.1    Chang, J.-H.2
  • 60
    • 33646810144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shin, J.W., Chang, J.-H., Yun, H.S., Kim, N.S., 2005. Voice activity detection based on generalized gamma distribution. In: Proc. 2005 IEEE Internat. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 1, pp. 781-784.
  • 61
    • 0032762471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statistical model based voice activity detection
    • Sohn J., Kim N.S., and Sung W. A statistical model based voice activity detection. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 6 1 (1999) 1-3
    • (1999) IEEE Signal Process. Lett. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-3
    • Sohn, J.1    Kim, N.S.2    Sung, W.3
  • 63
    • 0000695717 scopus 로고
    • A generalization of the gamma distribution
    • Stacy E. A generalization of the gamma distribution. Ann. Math. Statist. 33 (1962) 1187-1192
    • (1962) Ann. Math. Statist. , vol.33 , pp. 1187-1192
    • Stacy, E.1
  • 64
    • 84963178774 scopus 로고
    • Further analysis of the data by Akaike's information criterion and the finite corrections
    • Sugiura N. Further analysis of the data by Akaike's information criterion and the finite corrections. Comm. Statist.: Theory Methods 7 1 (1978) 13-26
    • (1978) Comm. Statist.: Theory Methods , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-26
    • Sugiura, N.1
  • 65
    • 35348878422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sugiyama, M., Ogawa, H., 2001. Model selection with small samples. In: Proc. Artificial Neural Nets and Genetic Algorithms, April, pp. 418-421.
  • 66
    • 0001930912 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of informational statistics and a criterion of model fitting
    • Takeuchi K. Distribution of informational statistics and a criterion of model fitting. Suri-Kagaku (Math. Sci.) 153 (1976) 12-18
    • (1976) Suri-Kagaku (Math. Sci.) , vol.153 , pp. 12-18
    • Takeuchi, K.1
  • 68
    • 9244221700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of parameter estimation methods for crop models
    • Tremblay M., and Wallach D. Comparison of parameter estimation methods for crop models. Agronomie 24 (2004) 351-365
    • (2004) Agronomie , vol.24 , pp. 351-365
    • Tremblay, M.1    Wallach, D.2
  • 69
    • 35348869669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tritschler, A., Gopinath, R., 1999. Improved speaker segmentation and segments clustering using the Bayesian information criterion. In: Proc. 1999 European Speech Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 679-682.
  • 70
    • 0034905612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exact inference in four-parameter generalized gamma distributions
    • Tsionas E. Exact inference in four-parameter generalized gamma distributions. Comm. Statist.: Theory Methods 30 4 (2001) 747-756
    • (2001) Comm. Statist.: Theory Methods , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 747-756
    • Tsionas, E.1
  • 71
    • 35348841400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van Allen, T., 2000. Handling uncertainty when you're handling uncertainty: model selection and error bars for belief networks. Master of Science thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta. Available from: .
  • 72
    • 35348901844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varga, A., Steeneken, H., Tomlinson, M., Jones, D., 1992. The NOISEX-92 study on the affect of additive noise on automatic speech recognition. Technical Report, DRA Speech Research Unit, Malvern, England.
  • 73
    • 35348833399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Villiers, E., Preez, J.A., 2001. The advantage of using higher order HMM's for segmenting acoustic files. In: Proc. 12th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa, November, pp. 120-122.
  • 74
    • 35348816000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visser, I., Ray, S., Jang, W., Berger, J., 2005. Effective sample size and the Bayes factor. SAMSI LVSSS Workshop Transition Workshop: Latent Variable Models in the Social Sciences, November.
  • 75
    • 0034059779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian information criterion for censored survival models
    • Volinsky C., and Raftery A. Bayesian information criterion for censored survival models. Biometrics 56 (2000) 256-262
    • (2000) Biometrics , vol.56 , pp. 256-262
    • Volinsky, C.1    Raftery, A.2
  • 76
    • 85009128756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wang, H., Cheng, S., 2004. METRIC-SEQDAC: a hybrid approach for audio segmentation. In: Proc. Internat. Conf. on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP2004), October, pp. 1617-1620.
  • 77
    • 33645780899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context-dependent boundary model for refining boundaries segmentation of TTS units
    • Wang L., Zhao Y., Chu M., Soong F., Zhou J., and Cao Z. Context-dependent boundary model for refining boundaries segmentation of TTS units. IEICE Trans. Inform. Syst. E89-D 3 (2006) 1082-1091
    • (2006) IEICE Trans. Inform. Syst. , vol.E89-D , Issue.3 , pp. 1082-1091
    • Wang, L.1    Zhao, Y.2    Chu, M.3    Soong, F.4    Zhou, J.5    Cao, Z.6
  • 78
    • 0033249410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critique of the Bayesian information criterion for model selection
    • Weakliem D. A critique of the Bayesian information criterion for model selection. Sociol. Methods Res. 27 3 (1999) 359-397
    • (1999) Sociol. Methods Res. , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 359-397
    • Weakliem, D.1
  • 79
    • 35348883508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woodland, P., Gales, M., Pye, D., Young, S., 1997. The development of the 1996 HTK broadcast news transcription system. In: Proc. Speech Recognition Workshop, pp. 73-78.
  • 80
    • 34147129054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhang, S., Zhang, S., Xu, B., 2006. A two-level method for unsupervised speaker-based audio segmentation. In: Proc. 18th Internat. Conf. on Pattern Recognition (ICPR2006), pp. 298-301.
  • 81
    • 33745193921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhao, Y., Wang, L., Chu, M., Soong, F., Cao, Z., 2005. Refining phoneme segmentations using speaker-adaptive context dependent boundary models. In: Proc. Interspeech, pp. 2557-2560.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.