Creating markets for eco-labelling: Are consumers insignificant?

International Journal of Consumer Studies

Volumn 30, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 477-489

  Gulbrandsen, Lars H ^a  

^a FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE   (Norway)

Author keywords

Certification; Consumer influence; Eco labelling; Environmental governance; Nongovernmental organizations; Private authority

Indexed keywords

EID: 35348850197     PISSN: 14706423     EISSN: 14706431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00534.x     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Bartley, T. (2005) Institutional emergence in an era of globalization: the rise of social and environmental certification systems. Working paper. Department of Sociology, Indiana University.
2. Boström, M. (2003) How state-dependent is a non-state-driven rule-making project? The case of forest certification in Sweden. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 5, 165–180.
3. Boström, M., Føllesdal, A., Klintman, M., Micheletti, M. & Sørensen, M. (eds) (2005) Political Consumerism: Its Motivations, Power, and Conditions in the Nordic Countries and Elsewhere, TemaNord 2005:517. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.
4. Cashore, B., Auld, G. & Newsom, D. (2004) Governing through Markets: Forest Certification and the Emergence of Non-state Authority. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
5. Clapp, J. (2005) The privatization of global environmental governance: ISO 14000 and the developing world. In The Business of Global Environmental Governance (ed. by D.L. Levy & P.J. Newell), pp. 223–248. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
6. Commission of the European Communities (2005) Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Economic and Social Committee. Launching a Debate on a Community Approach towards Eco-labeling Schemes for Fisheries Products. COM(2005)275 final. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
7. Constance, D. & Bonanno, A. (2000) Regulating the global fisheries: the World Wildlife Fund, Unilever, and the Marine Stewardship Council. Agriculture and Human Values, 17, 125–139.
8. Cutler, A.C., Haufler, V. & Porter, T. (eds) (1999) Private Authority and International Affairs. SUNY Press, Albany, NY.
9. Deere, C. (1999) Eco-labelling and Sustainable Fisheries. IUCN and FAO, Washington, DC; Rome.
10. Derichs, C. (2005) Drivers for ecolabelling in fisheries. MSc-thesis, University of Tromsø, Norway.
11. Elliott, C. (1999) Forest Certification: Analysis from a Policy Network Perspective. Thèse no 1965. Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne, Lausanne.
12. ENDS (Environmental Data Services) (2004a) Wall of silence surrounds WWF sustainable timber group. ENDS Report 354, July, 34.
13. ENDS (Environmental Data Services) (2004b) PEFC timber scheme ‘inadequate’ says DEFRA. ENDS Report 358, November, 32.
14. ENDS (Environmental Data Services) (2005a) DEFRA’s approval of industry-certified timber blasted by green groups. ENDS Report 368, September, 22–23.
15. ENDS (Environmental Data Services) (2005b) WWF timber group reports publicly for first time. ENDS Report 369, October, 22.
16. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) (1998) Report of the Technical Consultation on the Feasibility of Developing Non-discriminatory Technical Guidelines for Eco-labeling of Products from Marine Capture Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Report 594. FAO, Rome.
17. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) (1999) Report of the 23rd Session of the Committee of Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Report 595. FAO, Rome.
18. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) (2004) The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture. FAO, Rome.
19. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) (2005) The FAO Guidelines for the Ecolabelling of Fish and Fishery Products from Marine Capture Fisheries. FAO, Rome.
20. Fisher, C., Aguilar, F., Jawahar, P. & Sedjo, R. (2005) Forest Certification: Toward Common Standards? Discussion Paper 05-10. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC.
21. Forsyth, K., Haley, D. & Kozak, R. (1999) Will consumers pay more for certified wood products? Journal of Forestry, February, 18–22.
22. Gulbrandsen, L.H. (2004) Overlapping public and private governance: can forest certification fill the gaps in the global forest regime? Global Environmental Politics, 4, 75–99.
23. Gulbrandsen, L.H. (2005a) Mark of sustainability? Challenges for fishery and forestry eco-labeling. Environment, 47, 8–23.
24. Gulbrandsen, L.H. (2005b) Explaining different approaches to voluntary standards: a study of forest certification choices in Norway and Sweden. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 7, 45–61.
25. Gulbrandsen, L.H. & Humphreys, D. (2006) International Initiatives to Address Tropical Timber Logging and Trade. A Report for the Norwegian Ministry of the Environment. FNI Report 4/2006. The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker.
26. Gullison, R.E. (2003) Does forest certification conserve biodiversity? Oryx, 37, 153–165.
27. Gunningham, N. & Rees, J. (1997) Industry self-regulation. Law and Policy, 17, 363–414.
28. Hajer, M.A. (1995) The Politics of Environmental Discourse: Ecological Modernization and the Policy Process. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
29. Hall, R.B. & Biersteker, T.J. (eds) (2002) The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
30. Haufler, V. (2001) A Public Role for the Private Sector. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC.
31. Haufler, V. (2004) Corporate Intervention in Domestic Politics: Normative Change in the International Community. FNI Report 6/2004. The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker.
32. Holzer, B. (2006) Political consumerism between individual choice and collective action: social movements, role mobilization and signalling. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30, 405–415.
33. Humphreys, D. (2006). Logjam: Deforestation and the Crisis of Global Governance. Earthscan, London.
34. Karna, J., Hansen, E. & Juslin, H. (2003) Environmental activity and forest certification in marketing of forest products – a case study in Europe. Silva Fennica, 37, 253–267.
35. Keck, M.E. & Sikkink, K. (1998) Activist beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
36. Klein, D.B. (1997) Knowledge, reputation and trust by voluntary means. In Reputation: Studies in the Voluntary Elicitation of Good Conduct (ed. by D.B. Klein), pp. 1–14. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
37. McAdam, D., Tarrow, S. & Tilly, C. (eds) (2001) Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
38. Micheletti, M. (2003) Political Virtue and Shopping. Individuals, Consumerism, and Collective Action. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
39. Micheletti, M., Føllesdal, A. & Stolle, D. (eds) (2004) Politics, Products, and Markets. Exploring Political Consumerism Past and Present. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ and London.
40. Mol, A., Lauber, V. & Liefferink, D. (eds) (2000) The Voluntary Approach to Environmental Policy. Joint Environmental Policy-Making in Europe. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
41. Novy-Hildesley, J. & Short, K. (2003) Community-based certification: a route to sustainable fisheries. In Eco-labeling in Fisheries: What Is It All About? (ed. by B. Phillips, T. Ward & C. Chaffee), pp. 162–175. Blackwell, Oxford.
42. OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2003) Developing-Country Access to Developed-Country Markets under Selected Eco-labelling Programmes. COM/ENV/TD(2003)30. OECD, Paris.
43. Oosterveer, P. (2005) Global food governance. PhD-Thesis. Wageningen University, Wageningen.
44. Overdevest, C. (2004) Codes of conduct and standard setting in the forest sector: constructing markets for democracy? Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations, 59, 172–197.
45. Overdevest, C. & Rickenbach, M.G. Forest certification and institutional governance: an empirical study of Forest Stewardship Council certificate holders in the United States. Forest Policy and Economics, (in press).
46. Pierre, J. (ed.) (2000) Debating Governance. Authority, Steering and Democracy. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
47. Proforest (2006) Evaluation of the Danish Guidelines on Public Purchase of Tropical Timber. Comparisons with Policies in UK, Netherlands, France and Germany Together with Updates on Certification Schemes. Danish Ministry of the Environment, Copenhagen. [WWW Document]. URL http://www.skovognatur.dk/utgivelser (accessed on February 8, 2006).
48. Rhodes, R.A.W. (1996) The new governance: governing without government. Political Studies, 44, 652–667.
49. Rhodes, R.A.W. (1997) Understanding Governance. Open University Press, Maidenhead.
50. Risse-Kappen, T. (ed.) (1995) Bringing Transnational Relations Back In: Non-state Actors, Domestic Structures and International Institutions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
51. Rosenau, J.N. (1995) Governance in the twenty-first century. Global Governance, 1, 13–44.
52. Rosenau, J.N. (2000) Change, complexity, and governance in a globalizing space. In Debating Governance: Authority, Steering, and Democracy (ed. by J. Pierre), pp. 167–200. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
53. Spaargaren, G. (2000) Ecological modernisation theory and the changing discourse on environment and modernity. In Environment and Global Modernity (eds G. Spaargaren, A. Mol & F.H. Buttel), pp. 41–71. Sage Publications, London.
54. Spar, D.L. (1998) The spotlight and the bottom line: how multinationals export human rights. Foreign Affairs, 77, 7–12.
55. Stokke, O.S., Gulbrandsen, L.H., Hoel, A.H. & Braathen, J. (2005) Eco-labeling and sustainable management of forests and fisheries: does it work? In Political Consumerism: Its Motivations, Power, and Conditions in the Nordic Countries and Elsewhere, Temanord 2005:517 (ed. by M. Boström, A. Føllesdal, A. Klintman, M. Micheletti & M. Sørensen), pp. 291–317. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.
56. Tatenhove, J. van, Arts, B. & Leroy, P. (eds) (2000) Political Modernisation and the Environment: The Renewal of Environmental Policy Arrangement. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
57. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2005) The Trade and Environmental Effects of Ecolabels: Assessment and Response. [WWW document]. URL http://www.unep.ch/etb/publications/Ecolabelpap141005f.pdf (accessed on March 6, 2004).
58. Unilever (2003) Fishing for the Future. Unilever’s Sustainable Fisheries Initiative. [WWW document]. URL http://www.unilever.com/ourvalues/environmentandsociety/sustainability/fish/default.asp (accessed on April 20, 2004).
59. Unilever (2005) Environmental and Social Report 2005.[WWW document]. URL. http://www.unilever.com/ourvalues/environmentandsociety/env_social_report/ (accessed on February 22, 2006).
60. Veisten, K. (2002) Potential demand for certified wood products in the United Kingdom and Norway. Forest Science, 48, 767–778.
61. Wapner, P. (1996) Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics. SUNY Press, Albany, NY.
62. Wessells, C.R. (2000) Ecolabelling and international seafood trade: the role of certification costs and consumers’ willingness to pay. Fisheries Economics Newsletter, 50, 44–49.
63. World Bank (2002) A Revised Forest Strategy for the World Bank Group. World Bank, Washington, DC.
64. World Bank (2004) The World Bank Operational Manual, section OP 4.36 – Forests (revised August 2004). World Bank, Washington, DC.
65. WWF-UK (2005) WWF-UK FTN Annual Report 2004/2005. [WWW document]. URL http://www.wwf.org.uk/ftn (accessed on February 22, 2006).