Reference equations for pulmonary function tests in preschool children: A review

Pediatric Pulmonology

Volumn 42, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 962-972

  Stanojevic, Sanja ^a   Wade, Angie ^a   Lum, Sooky ^a   Stocks, Janet ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Preschool children; Pulmonary function test; Reference values

Indexed keywords

EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; HUMAN; LUNG DISEASE; LUNG FUNCTION; LUNG FUNCTION TEST; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFERENCE VALUE; REVIEW; SPIROMETRY;

CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; MODELS, STATISTICAL; REFERENCE VALUES; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS;

EID: 35148897621     PISSN: 87556863     EISSN: 10990496     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20691     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Quanjer PH, Stocks J, Polgar G, Wise M, Karlberg J, Borsboom G. Compilation of reference values for lung function measurements in children. Eur Respir J Suppl 1989;4:184S-261S.
2. Eigen H, Bieler H, Grant D, Christoph K, Terrill D, Heilman DK, Ambrosius WT, Tepper RS. Spirometric pulmonary function in healthy preschool children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:619-623.
3. Beydon N, Davis SD, Lombardi E, Allen JL, Arets HG, Aurora P, Bisgaard H, Davis GM, Ducharme FM, Eigen H, Gappa M, Gaultier C, Gustafsson PM, Hall GL, Hantos Z, Healy MJ, Jones MH, Klug B, Lodrup Carlsen KC, McKenzie SA, Marchal F, Mayer OH, Merkus PJ, Morris MG, Oostveen E, Pillow JJ, Seddon PC, Silverman M, Sly PD, Stocks J, Tepper RS, Vilozni D, Wilson NM. An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: pulmonary function testing in preschool children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:1304-1345.
4. Stocks J. Introduction and overview of preschool lung function testing. Paediatr Respir Rev 2006;7:S2-S4.
5. Nielsen KG, Bisgaard H. Cold air challenge and specific airway resistance in preschool children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2005;6:255-266.
6. Child F. The measurement of airways resistance using the interrupter technique (Rint) 1. Paediatr Respir Rev 2005;6:273-277.
7. Marchal F, Schweitzer C, Thuy LV. Forced oscillations, interrupter technique and body plethysmography in the preschool child 1. Paediatr Respir Rev 2005;6:278-284.
8. Duiverman EJ, Clement J, Van de Woestijne KP, Neijens HJ, van den Bergh AC, Kerrebijn KF. Forced oscillation technique. Reference values for resistance and reactance over a frequency spectrum of 2-26 Hz in healthy children aged 2.3-12.5 years. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1985;21:171-178.
9. Gustafsson PM. Inert gas washout in preschool children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2005;6:239-245.
10. Kozlowska WJ, Aurora P. Spirometry in the pre-school age group 1. Paediatr Respir Rev 2005;6:267-272.
11. Zhang QL, Zheng JP, Yuan BT, He H, Wang J, An JY, Zhang M, Luo DF, Chen GL. Feasibility and predicted equations of spirometry in Shenzhen preschool children. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2005;43:843-848.
12. Klug B, Bisgaard H. Specific airway resistance, interrupter resistance, and respiratory impedance in healthy children aged 2-7 years. Pediatr Pulmonol 1998;25:322-331.
13. Merkus PJ, Mijnsbergen JY, Hop WC, de Jongste JC. Interrupter resistance in preschool children: measurement characteristics and reference values. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1350-1355.
14. Merkus PJ, Arets HG, Joosten T, Siero A, Brouha M, Mijnsbergen JY, de Jongste JC, van der Ent CK. Measurements of interrupter resistance: reference values for children 3-13 yrs of age. Eur Respir J 2002;20:907-911.
15. Rosenthal M, Bain SH, Cramer D, Helms P, Denison D, Bush A, Warner JO. Lung function in white children aged 4-19 years: I-spirometry. Thorax 1993;48:794-802.
16. Rosenthal M, Cramer D, Bain SH, Denison D, Bush A, Warner JO. Lung function in white children aged 4-19 years: II-single breath analysis and plethysmography. Thorax 1993;48:803-808.
17. Swaminathan S, Venkatesan P, Mukunthan R. Peak expiratory flow rate in south Indian children. Indian Pediatr 1993;30:207-211.
18. Hernando S, Garcia-Marcos V, Gomez L, Faura GJ, Rubio MU, Navarro PJ, Hernandez O, Dolera JA. Peak expiratory flow rate in 4- to 15-year-old children. Comparison of 3 measuring models. An Esp Pediatr 2000;52:327-333.
19. Teklu B, Seboxa T, Mills RJ. Peak expiratory flow in normal Ethiopian children and adults in Addis Ababa. Br J Dis Chest 1987;81:176-181.
20. McKenzie SA, Chan E, Dundas I, Bridge PD, Pao CS, Mylonopoulou M, Healy MJ. Airway resistance measured by the interrupter technique: normative data for 2-10 year olds of three ethnicities. Arch Dis Child 2002;87:248-251.
21. Lierl MB, Human BC. Normal values for forced oscillation parameters in small children. J Asthma 1986;23:179-185.
22. Ducharme FM, Davis GM, Ducharme GR. Pediatric reference values for respiratory resistance measured by forced oscillation. Chest 1998;113:1322-1328.
23. Wall MA, Misley MC, Dickerson D. Partial expiratory flow-volume curves in young children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;129:557-562.
24. Mazur B. Predictive values of peak expiratory flow in pre-school aged children from an industrial environment. Pneumonol Alergol Pol 1994;62:41-45.
25. Mazurek H, Willim G, Marchal F, Haluszka J, Tomalak W. Input respiratory impedance measured by head generator in preschool children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2000;30:47-55.
26. Hegewald MJ, Crapo RO, Jensen RL. Intraindividual peak flow variability. Chest 1995;107:156-161.
27. Subbarao P, Lebecque P, Corey M, Coates AL. Comparison of spirometric reference values. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004;37:515-522.
28. Crapo RO. The role of reference values in interpreting lung function tests. Eur Respir J 2004;24:341-342.
29. Ip MS, Karlberg EM, Karlberg JP, Luk KD, Leong JC. Lung function reference values in Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong. I. Spirometric values and comparison with other populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:424-429.
30. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, Johnson DC, Macintyre N, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Wanger J. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J 2005;26:948-968.
31. Stanojevic S, Wade A, Cole TJ, Stocks J. Population-specific reference equations? Eur Respir J 2007;29:215.
32. Nystad W, Samuelsen SO, Nafstad P, Edvardsen E, Stensrud T, Jaakkola JJ. Feasibility of measuring lung function in preschool children. Thorax 2002;57:1021-1027.
33. Linnet K. Two-stage transformation systems for normalization of reference distributions evaluated. Clin Chem 1987;33:381-386.
34. Griffiths JK, Iles TC, Koduah M, Nix AB. Centile charts II: alternative nonparametric approach for establishing time-specific reference centiles and assessment of the sample size required. Clin Chem 2004;50:907-914.
35. Chinn S, Rona RJ. Height and age adjustment for cross sectional studies of lung function in children aged 6-11 years. Thorax 1992;47:707-714.
36. Borghi E, de Onis M, Garza C, Van den BJ, Frongillo EA, Grummer-Strawn L, Van Buuren S, Pan H, Molinari L, Martorell R, Onyango AW, Martines JC. Construction of the World Health Organization child growth standards: selection of methods for attained growth curves. Stat Med 2006;25:247-265.
37. Lowe HJ, Barnett GO. Understanding and using the medical subject headings (MeSH) vocabulary to perform literature searches. JAMA 1994;271:1103-1108.
38. Pesant C, Santschi M, Praud JP, Geoffroy M, Niyonsenga T, Vlachos-Mayer H. Spirometric pulmonary function in 3- to 5-year-old children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007;42:263-271.
39. Piccioni P, Borraccino A, Forneris MP, Migliore E, Carena C, Bignamini E, Fassio S, Cordola G, Arossa W, Bugiani M. Reference values of forced expiratory volumes and pulmonary flows in 3-6 year children: a cross-sectional study. Respir Res 2007;8:14.
40. Zapletal A, Chalupova J. Forced expiratory parameters in healthy preschool children (3-6 years of age). Pediatr Pulmonol 2003;35:200-207.
41. Vilozni D, Barak A, Efrati O, Augarten A, Springer C, Yahav Y, Bentur L. The role of computer games in measuring spirometry in healthy and "asthmatic" preschool children. Chest 2005;128: 1146-1155.
42. Klug B, Bisgaard H. Specific airway resistance, interrupter resistance, and respiratory impedance in healthy children aged 2-7 years. Pediatr Pulmonol 1998;25:322-331.
43. Lombardi E, Sly PD, Concutelli G, Novembre E, Venenruso G, Frongia G, Bernardini R, Vierucci A. Reference values of interrupter respiratory resistance in healthy preschool white children. Thorax 2001;56:691-695.
44. Beydon N, Amsallern F, Bellet M, Boule M, Chaussain M, Denjean A, Marran R, Wuyam B, Alberti C, Gaultier C. Pre/postbronchodilator interrupter resistance values in healthy young children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:1388-1394.
45. Morgan W, Mansfield L, Wolf J, Souhrada JF. The measurement of total respiratory resistance in small children. J Asthma 1982;19:233-240.
46. Hantos Z, Daroczy B, Gyurkovits K. Total respiratory impedance in healthy children. Pediatr Pulmonol 1985;1:91-98.
47. Hordvik NL, Konig P, Morris DA, Kreutz C, Pimmel RL. Normal values for forced oscillatory respiratory resistance in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 1985;1:145-148.
48. Solymar L, Aronsson PH, Bake B, Bjure J. Respiratory resistance and impedance magnitude in healthy children aged 2-18 years. Pediatr Pulmonol 1985;1:134-140.
49. Clement J, Dumoulin B, Gubbelmans R, Hendriks S, Van de Woestijne KP. Reference values of total respiratory resistance and reactance between 4 and 26 Hz in children and adolescents aged 4-20 years. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1987;23:441-448.
50. Hellinckx J, De Boeck K, Bande-Knops J, van der PM, Demedts M. Bronchodilator response in 3-6.5 years old healthy and stable asthmatic children. Eur Respir J 1998;12:438-443.
51. Malmberg LP, Pelkonen AS, Haahtela T, Turpeinen M. Exhaled nitric oxide rather than lung function distinguishes preschool children with probable asthma. Thorax 2003;58:494-499.
52. Frei J, Jutla J, Kramer G, Hatzakis GE, Ducharme FM, Davis GM. Impulse oscillometry: reference values in children 100 to 150 cm in height and 3 to 10 years of age. Chest 2005;128:1266-1273.
53. Dencker M, Malmberg LP, Valind S, Thorsson O, Karlsson MK, Pelkonen A, Pohjanpalo A, Haahtela T, Turpeinen M, Wollmer P. Reference values for respiratory system impedance by using impulse oscillometry in children aged 2-11 years. Clin Physiol Funci Imaging 2006;26:247-250.
54. Buist AS, Adams BE, Sexton GJ, Azzam AH. Reference values for functional residual capacity and maximal expiratory flow in young children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;122:983-988.
55. Greenough A, Stocks J, Nothen U, Helms P. Total respiratory compliance and functional residual capacity in young children. Pediatr Pulmonol 1986;2:321-326.
56. Pauwels JH, Van Bever HP, Desager KN, Willemen MJ, Creten WL, Van Acker KJ, Vermeire PA. Functional residual capacity in healthy preschool children. Eur Respir J 1996;9:2224-2230.