Perioperative myocardial infarction in non-cardiac surgery. Pathophysiology and clinical implications

Internal and Emergency Medicine

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 177-186

  Modesti, Pietro Amedeo ^a   Simonetti, Ignazio ^a   Olivo, Giuseppe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular risk; Myocardial infarction; Troponins

Indexed keywords

TROPONIN I;

BLOOD; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREOPERATIVE CARE; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SURGERY;

HUMANS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PREOPERATIVE CARE; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE; TROPONIN I;

EID: 35148889557     PISSN: 18280447     EISSN: 19709366     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02934735     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. 2003/04 Death data. Available at http://www.ncepod.org.uk/pdf/200304DeathData.pdf; accessed 10 February 2006.
2. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. General data. Available at http://www.ncepod.org.uk/pdf/2000/tan/TaNGen.pdf; accessed 10 February 2006.
3. JN Lunn HB Devlin 1987 Lessons from the confidential enquiry into perioperative deaths in three NHS regions Lancet 2 1384 6
4. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. Surgery. Available at http://www.ncepod.org.uk/pdf/2000/tan/TaNSurg.pdf; accessed 10 February 2006.
5. D Poldermans E Boersma JJ Bax 1999 The effect of bisoprolol on perioperative mortality and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery. Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echocardiography Study Group N Engl J Med 341 1789 94
6. Auerbach AD. Chapter 25: Beta-blockers and reduction of perioperative cardiac events. Available at http://www.ahcpr.gov/CLINIC/PTSAFETY/chap25.htm; accessed 10 February 2006.
7. G Landesberg M Mosseri D Zahger 2001 Myocardial infarction after vascular surgery: the role of prolonged stress-induced, ST depression-type ischemia J Am Coll Cardiol 37 1839 45
8. JE Adams GA Sicard BT Allen 1994 Diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction with measurement of cardiac troponin I N Engl J Med 330 670 4
9. HA Katus S Looser K Hallermayer 1992 Development and in vitro characterization of a new immunoassay of cardiac troponin T Clin Chem 38 386 93
10. JE Adams GS Bodor VG Davila-Roman 1993 Cardiac troponin I. A marker with high specificity for cardiac injury Circulation 88 101 6
11. TH Lee EJ Thomas LE Ludwig 1996 Troponin T as a marker for myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery Am J Cardiol 77 1031 6
12. H Metzler M Gries P Rehak T Lang S Fruhwald W Toller 1997 Perioperative myocardial cell injury: the role of troponins Br J Anaesth 78 386 90
13. J Sarko CV Pollack 2002 Cardiac troponins J Emerg Med 23 57 65
14. JS Alpert K Thygesen E Antman JP Bassand 2000 Myocardial infarction redefined-a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction J Am Coll Cardiol 36 959 69
15. RP Relos IK Hasinoff GJ Beilman 2003 Moderately elevated serum troponin concentrations are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in surgical intensive care unit patients Crit Care Med 31 2598 603
16. DT Mangano WS Browner M Hollenberg 1990 Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group N Engl J Med 323 1781 8
17. CL Backer JH Tinker DM Robertson RE Vlietstra 1980 Myocardial reinfarction following local anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery Anesth Analg 59 257 62
18. AG Greenburg RP Saik D Pridham 1985 Influence of age on mortality of colon surgery Am J Surg 150 65 70
19. CM Ashton NJ Petersen NP Wray 1993 The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction in men undergoing noncardiac surgery Ann Intern Med 118 504 10
20. AS Detsky HB Abrams JR McLaughlin 1986 Predicting cardiac complications in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery J Gen Intern Med 1 211 9
21. ED Foster KB David JA Carpenter 1986 Risk of noncardiac operation in patients with defined coronary disease: the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry experience Ann Thorac Surg 41 42 50
22. DT Mangano 1990 Perioperative cardiac morbidity Anesthesiology 72 153 84
23. KE Raby L Goldman MA Creager 1989 Correlation between preoperative ischemia and major cardiac events after peripheral vascular surgery N Engl J Med 321 1296 300
24. KB Shah BS Kleinman TLK Rao HK Jacobs K Mestan M Schaafsma 1990 Angina and other risk factors in patients with cardiac diseases undergoing noncardiac operations Anesth Analg 70 240 7
25. JF Baron O Mundler M Bertrand 1994 Dipyridamolethallium scintigraphy and gated radionuclide angiography to assess cardiac risk before abdominal aortic surgery N Engl J Med 330 663 9
26. KA Eagle CM Coley JB Newell 1989 Combining clinical and thallium data optimizes preoperative assessment of cardiac risk before major vascular surgery Ann Intern Med 110 859 66
27. RC Hendel SS Whitfield BJ Villegas BS Cutler JA Leppo 1992 Prediction of late cardiac events by dipyridamole thallium imaging in patients undergoing elective vascular surgery Am J Cardiol 70 1243 9
28. J Lette D Waters M Cerino M Picard P Champagne J Lapoint 1992 Preoperative coronary artery disease risk stratification based on dipyridamole imaging and a simple three-step, three-segment model for patients undergoing noncardiac vascular surgery or major general surgery Am J Cardiol 69 1553 8
29. KA Brown M Rowen 1993 Extent of jeopardized viable myocardium determined by myocardial perfusion imaging best predicts perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery J Am Coll Cardiol 21 325 30
30. EO McFalls KM Doliszny F Grund E Chute E Chesler 1993 Angina and persistent exercise thallium defects: independent risk factors in elective vascular surgery J Am Coll Cardiol 21 1347 52
31. JD Bry M Belkin TF O'Donnell 1994 An assessment of the positive predictive value and cost-effectiveness of dipyridamole myocardial scintigraphy in patients undergoing vascular surgery J Vasc Surg 19 112 24
32. KA Eagle PB Berger H Calkins 2002 ACC/AHA guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery-executive summary. A report of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) Circulation 105 1257 67
33. KE Fleischmann L Goldman B Young TH Lee 2003 Association between cardiac and noncardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: outcomes and effects on length of stay Am J Med 115 515 20
34. SP Fischer 1996 Development and effectiveness of an anesthesia preoperative evaluation clinic in a teaching hospital Anesthesiology 85 196 206
35. LL Liu JP Wiener-Kronish 1998 Preoperative cardiac evaluation of women for noncardiac surgery Cardiol Clin 16 59 66
36. S Tarhan EA Moffitt WF Taylor ER Giuliani 1972 Myocardial infarction after general anesthesia JAMA 220 1451 4
37. TL Rao KH Jacobs AA El-Etr 1983 Reinfarction following anesthesia in patients with myocardial infarction Anesthesiology 59 499 505
38. RC Becker DA Underwood 1987 Myocardial infarction in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery Cleve Clin J Med 54 25 8
39. MM Dawood DK Gutpa J Southern A Walia JB Atkinson KA Eagle 1996 Pathology of fatal perioperative myocardial infarction: implications regarding pathophysiology and prevention Int J Cardiol 57 37 44
40. DR Rosing P Brakman DR Redwood 1970 Blood fibrinolytic activity in man. Diurnal variation and the response to varying intensities of exercise Circ Res 27 171 84
41. LH Green E Seroppian RI Handin 1980 Platelet activation during exercise-induced myocardial ischemia N Engl J Med 302 193 7
42. MC Cohen TH Aretz 1999 Histological analysis of coronary artery lesions in fatal postoperative myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Pathol 8 133 9
43. MJ Breslow SD Parker SM Frank 1993 Determinants of catecholamine and cortisol responses to lower extremity revascularization. The PIRAT Study Group Anesthesiology 79 1202 9
44. C Indolfi J Ross 1993 The role of heart rate in myocardial ischemia and infarction: implications of myocardial perfusion-contraction matching Prog Cardiovasc Dis 36 61 74
45. G Landesburg W Zhou T Aversano 1999 Tachycardia-induced subendocardial necrosis in acutely instrumented dogs with fixed coronary stenosis Anesth Analg 88 973 9
46. EG Nabel AP Selwyn P Ganz 1990 Large coronary arteries in humans are responsive to changing blood flow: an endothelium-dependent mechanism that fails in patients with atherosclerosis J Am Coll Cardiol 16 349 56
47. G Sambuceti A Marzilli P Maraccini 1997 Coronary vasoconstriction during myocardial ischemia induced by rises in metabolic demand in patients with coronary artery disease Circulation 95 2652 9
48. DA Morrow CP Cannon N Rifai the TACTICS-TIMI 18 Investigators 2001 Ability of minor elevations of troponins I and T to predict benefit from an early invasive strategy in patients with unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: results from a randomized trial JAMA 286 2405 12
49. KE Raby J Barry MA Creager EF Cook MC Weisberg L Gooldman 1992 Detection and significance of intraoperative and postoperative myocardial ischemia in peripheral vascular surgery JAMA 268 222 7
50. LA Killewich RF Macko AW Gardner K Cox MP Lilly WR Flinn 1997 Defective fibrinolysis occurs after infrainguinal reconstruction J Vasc Surg 25 858 64
51. BA Rosenfeld C Beattie R Christopherson the Perioperative Ischemia Randomized Anesthesia Trial Study Group 1993 The effects of different anesthetic regimens on fibrinolysis and the development of postoperative arterial thrombosis Anesthesiology 79 435 43
52. NM Gibbs GP Crawford N Michalopoulos 1992 Postoperative changes in coagulant and anticoagulant factors following abdominal aortic surgery J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 6 680 5
53. NM Gibbs GP Crawford N Michalopoulos 1996 A comparison of postoperative thrombotic potential following abdominal aortic surgery, carotid endarterectomy, and femoropopliteal bypass Anaesth Intensive Care 24 11 4
54. B Wiman 1996 Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in thrombotic disease Curr Opin Hematol 3 372 8
55. R Sarbinowski S Arvidsson M Tylman T Oresland A Bengtsson 2005 Plasma concentration of procalcitonin and systemic inflammatory response syndrome after colorectal surgery Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 49 191 6
56. D Mokart M Merlin A Sannini 2005 Procalcitonin, interleukin 6 and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS): early markers of postoperative sepsis after major surgery Br J Anaesth 94 767 73
57. P Swartbol L Truedsson L Norgren 2001 The inflammatory response and its consequence for the clinical outcome following aortic aneurysm repair Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 21 393 400
58. RJ Baigrie PM Lamont D Kwiatkowski MJ Dallman PJ Morris 1992 Systemic cytokine response after major surgery Br J Surg 79 757 60
59. RM Roumen T Hendriks J van der Ven-Jongekrijg 1993 Cytokine patterns in patients after major vascular surgery, hemorrhagic shock, and severe blunt trauma. Relation with subsequent adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure Ann Surg 218 769 76
60. P Swartbol H Parsson L Truedsson A Sjoholm L Norgren 1996 Aortobifemoral surgery induces complement activation and release of interleukin-6 but not tumour necrosis factor-alpha Cardiovasc Surg 4 483 91
61. AB Groeneveld PG Raijmakers JA Rauwerda CE Hack 1997 The inflammatory response to vascular surgery-associated ischaemia and reperfusion in man: effect on postoperative pulmonary function Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 14 351 9
62. EJ Armstrong DA Morrow MS Sabatine 2006 Inflammatory biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes. Part I: Introduction and cytokines Circulation 113 e72 75
63. JB Giardina GM Green KL Cockrell JP Granger RA Khalil 2002 TNF-alpha enhances contraction and inhibits endothelial NO-cGMP relaxation in systemic vessels of pregnant rats Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283 R130 R143
64. D Pittet S Rangel-Frausto N Li 1995 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: incidence, morbidities and outcomes in surgical ICU patients Intensive Care Med 21 302 9
65. Y Haga T Beppu K Doi 1997 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ dysfunction following gastrointestinal surgery Crit Care Med 25 1994 2000
66. M Talmor L Hydo PS Barie 1999 Relationship of systemic inflammatory response syndrome to organ dysfunction, length of stay, and mortality in critical surgical illness: effect of intensive care unit resuscitation Arch Surg 134 81 7
67. MD Kertai E Boersma J Klein 2005 Optimizing the prediction of perioperative mortality in vascular surgery by using a customized probability model Arch Intern Med 165 898 904
68. FE Harrell RM Califf DB Pryor KL Lee RA Rosati 1982 Evaluating the yield of medical tests JAMA 247 2543 6
69. NR Hertzer EG Beven JR Young 1984 Coronary artery disease in peripheral vascular patients. A classification of 1000 coronary angiograms and results of surgical management Ann Surg 199 223 33
70. DR Meldrum 1998 Tumor necrosis factor in the heart Am J Physiol 274 R577 R595
71. GJ L'Italien RP Cambria BS Cutler 1995 Comparative early and late cardiac morbidity among patients requiring different vascular surgery procedures J Vasc Surg 21 935 44
72. E Boersma D Poldermans JJ Bax 2001 Predictors of cardiac events after major vascular surgery: role of clinical characteristics, dobutamine echocardiography, and betablocker therapy JAMA 285 1865 73
73. FA Lederle SE Wilson GR Johnson the Aneurysm Detection and Management Veterans Affairs Cooperative Group 2002 Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms N Engl J Med 346 1437 44
74. AF Schinkel A Elhendy RT van Domburg JJ Bax JR Roelandt D Poldermans 2002 Prognostic value of dobutamine-atropine stress (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion SPECT in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease J Nucl Med 43 767 72
75. R Bond K Rerkasem CP Shearman PM Rothwell 2004 Time trends in the published risks of stroke and death due to endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis Cerebrovasc Dis 18 37 46
76. KA Eagle MJ Lim OH Dabbous the GRACE Investigators 2004 A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry JAMA 291 2727 33
77. EW Gregg BL Cadwell YJ Cheng 2004 Trends in the prevalence and ratio of diagnosed to undiagnosed diabetes according to obesity levels in the US Diabetes Care 27 2806 12
78. Smetana GW. Medical evaluation of the surgical patient. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al, eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2005: 60-71.
79. BR Chaitman DD Miller 1998 Perioperative cardiac evaluation for noncardiac surgery noninvasive cardiac testing Prog Cardiovasc Dis 40 405 18
80. DT Mangano EL Layug A Wallace I Tateo 1996 Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group N Engl J Med 335 1713 20
81. PJ Devereux WS Beattie PT Choi 2005 How strong is the evidence for the use of perioperative beta blockers in noncardiac surgery? Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials BMJ 331 313 21
82. ML McGory ML Maggard CY Ko 2005 A meta-analysis of perioperative beta blockade: what is the actual risk reduction? Surgery 138 171 9
83. D Poldermans JJ Bax MD Kertai 2003 Statins are associated with a reduced incidence of perioperative mortality in patients undergoing major noncardiac vascular surgery Circulation 107 1848 51
84. PK Lindenauer P Pekow K Wang B Gutierrez EM Benjamin 2004 Lipid-lowering therapy and in-hospital mortality following major noncardiac surgery JAMA 291 2092 9
85. AE Durazzo FS Machado DT Ikeoka 2004 Reduction in cardiovascular events after vascular surgery with atorvastatin: a randomized trial J Vasc Surg 39 967 75
86. G Landesberg M Mosseri V Shatz 2004 Cardiac troponin after major vascular surgery: the role of perioperative ischemia, preoperative thallium scanning, and coronary revascularization J Am Coll Cardiol 44 569 75
87. TM Guest AV Ramanathan PG Tuteur KB Schechtman JH Ladenson AS Jaffe 1995 Myocardial injury in critically ill patients. A frequently unrecognized complication JAMA 273 1945 9
88. A Turner M Tsamitros R Bellomo 1999 Myocardial cell injury in septic shock Crit Care Med 27 1775 80
89. A Jeremias CM Gibson 2005 Narrative review: alternative causes for elevated cardiac troponin levels when acute coronary syndromes are excluded Ann Intern Med 142 786 91
90. JP Higgins JA Higgins 2003 Elevation of cardiac troponin I indicates more than myocardial ischemia Clin Invest Med 26 133 47
91. CW Hamm J Ravkilde W Gerhardt 1992 The prognostic value of serum troponin T in unstable angina N Engl J Med 327 146 50
92. MS Suleiman V Lucchetti M Caputo GD Angelini 1999 Short periods of regional ischaemia and reperfusion provoke release of troponin I from the human hearts Clin Chim Acta 284 25 30
93. AH Wu L Ford 1999 Release of cardiac troponin in acute coronary syndromes: ischemia or necrosis? Clin Chim Acta 284 161 74
94. AH Wu 2001 Increased troponin in patients with sepsis and septic shock: myocardial necrosis or reversible myocardial depression? Intensive Care Med 27 959 61
95. P Ammann T Fehr EI Minder C Gunter O Bertel 2001 Elevation of troponin I in sepsis and septic shock Intensive Care Med 27 965 9
96. KM ver Elst HD Spapen DN Nguyen C Garbar LP Huyghens KK Gorus 2000 Cardiac troponins I and T are biological markers of left ventricular dysfunction in septic shock Clin Chem 46 650 7
97. E Braunwald EM Antman JW Beasley 2002 ACC/AHA guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction-2002: summary article. A report of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina) Circulation 106 1893 900
98. I Buhaescu H Izzedine A Covic 2005 Cardiac troponins in renal failure-time for an optimistic consensus? Int J Clin Pract 59 1317 25
99. MC Kontos R Garg FP Anderson JL Tatum JP Ornato RL Jesse 2005 Outcomes in patients admitted for chest pain with renal failure and troponin I elevations Am Heart J 150 674 80
100. LJ Kim EA Tinez N Faraday 2002 Cardiac troponin I predicts short-term mortality in vascular surgery patients Circulation 106 2366 71
101. M Filipovic R Jeger C Probst 2003 Heart rate variability and cardiac troponin I are incremental and independent predictors of one-year all-cause mortality after major noncardiac surgery in patients at risk of coronary artery disease J Am Coll Cardiol 42 1767 76
102. G Landesberg V Shatz I Akopnik 2003 Association of cardiac troponin, CK-MB, and postoperative myocardial ischemia with long-term survival after major vascular surgery J Am Coll Cardiol 42 1547 54