The psychology of gender-specific infertility diagnoses

Infertility Counseling: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 37-60

  Petok, William D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 35148861814     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511547263.005     Document Type: Chapter

References (150)

1. Thonneau P, Marchand S, Tallec A, et al. Incidence and main causes of infertility in a resident population (1,850,000) of three French regions (1988-1989). Hum Reprod 1991; 6:811-816.
2. Henning K, Strauss B. Psychological and psychosomatic aspects of involuntary childlessness: State of research at the end of the 1990s. In: B Strauss, ed. Involuntary Childlessness: Psychological Assessment, Counseling and Psychotherapy. Seattle, WA: Hogrefe and Huber; 2002; 3-18.
3. Inhorn MC. Global infertility and the globalization of new reproductive technologies: Illustrations from Egypt. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56:1837-51.
4. Leiblum SR. Infertility: Psychological Issues and Counseling Strategies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
5. Hardy E, Makuch MY. Gender, infertility and ART. In: E Vayena, PJ Rowe, PD Griffin, eds. Current Practices and Controversies in Assisted Reproduction. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002; 272-280.
6. Berg BJ. A researcher's guide to investigating the psychological sequelae of infertility: Methodological considerations. J Pyschosom Obstet Gynaecol 1994; 15:147-156.
7. Glover L, Abel PD, Gannon K. Male subfertility: Is pregnancy the only issue? Psychological responses matter too - and are different in men. BMJ 1998; 316:405-406.
8. Berg BJ, Wilson JF, Weingartner PJ. Psychological sequelae of infertility treatment: The role of gender and sex-role identification. Soc Sci Med 1991; 33:1071-1080.
9. Connolly KJ, Edelmann RJ, Cooke ID. Distress and marital problems associated with infertility. Jour Reprod & Infant Psych 1987; 5:49-57.
10. Mikulincer M, Horesh N, Levy-Shiff R, et al. The contribution of adult attachment style to the adjustment to infertility. Br J Med Psychol 1998; 71:26580.
11. Beaurepaire J, Jones M, Thiering P, et al. Psychosocial adjustment to infertility and its treatment: Male and female responses at different stages of IVF/ET treatment. J Psychosom Res 1994; 38:229-240.
12. Daniluk JC. Gender and infertility. In: SR Leiblum, ed. Infertility: Psychological Issues and Counseling Strategies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997:103-125.
13. Silber SJ. The varicocele dilemma. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7:70-77.
14. Freeman EW, Boxer AS, Rickels K, et al. Psychological evaluation and support in a program of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1985; 43:48-53.
15. Berger DM. Impotence following the discovery of azoospermia. Fertil Steril 1980; 34:154-156.
16. Feuer GS. The psychological impact of infertility on the lives of men. Dissertation Abstracts International 44(3-A), 1983; 706-707.
17. Rogstad KE. The psychological effects of vasectomy. Sex Marital Ther 1996; 11:265-272.
18. Mason MC. Male Infertility—Men Talking. London: Rout- ledge, 1993.
19. Gannon K, Glover L, Abel P. Masculinity, infertility, stigma and media reports. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59:1169-1175.
20. Whiteford LM, Gonzalez L. Stigma: The hidden burden of infertility. Soc Sci Med 1993; 40:27-36.
21. Zolbrod AP, Covington SN. Recipient counseling for donor insemination. In: LH Burns, SN Covington, eds. Infertility Counseling: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians. New York: Parthenon, 1999; 325-344.
22. Miall CE. Community constructs of involuntary childlessness: Sympathy, stigma, and social support. Canadian Rev Soc Anthro 1994; 31:392-421.
23. Kedem P, Mulciner M, Nathanson Y, et al. Psychological aspects of male infertility. Br J Med Psychol 1990; 63:73-80.
24. Nachtigall R, Becker G, Wozny M. The effects of gender specific diagnosis on men's and women's response to infertility. Fertil Steril 1992; 57:113-121.
25. Irvine SCE. Male infertility and its effect on male sexuality. Sex Marital Ther 1996; 11:273-280.
26. Dhillon R, Cumming CE, Cumming DC. Psychological well-being and coping patterns in infertile men. Fertil Steril 2000; 74:702-706.
27. Boivin J, Shoog-Svanberg A, Andersson L, et al. Distress level in men undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection versus in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 1998; 13:1403-6.
28. McGrade JJ, Tolor A. The reaction to infertility and infertility investigation: A comparison of the response of men and women. Infertility 1981; 4:7-27.
29. Pook M, Tuschen-Caffier B, Krause W. Is infertility a risk factor for impaired male fertility? Hum Reprod 2004; 19:954-959.
30. Pook M, Krause W, Rohrle B. Coping with infertility: Distress and changes in sperm quality. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:1487-1492.
31. Pook M, Rohrle B, Krause W. Individual prognosis for changes in sperm quality on the basis of perceived stress. Psychother Psychosom 1999; 68:95-101.
32. Conrad R, Schilling G, Langenbuch M, et al. Alex- ithymia in male infertility. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:587-592.
33. Tarlatzis I, Tarlatzis BC, Diakgiannis I, et al. Psychosocial impacts of infertility on Greek couples. Hum Reprod 1993; 8:396-401.
34. Lee TY, Sun GH. Psychosocial response of Chinese infertile husbands and wives. Arch Androl 2000; 45:143-148.
35. Inhorn MC. Sexuality, masculinity, and infertility in Egypt: Potent troubles in the marital and medical encounters. Jour Men's Stud 2002; 10:343-359.
36. Mabasa LF. The sociocultural aspects of infertility in a black South African community. Jour of Psychol Africa; South of the Sahara, the Caribbean, & Afro-Latin America 2002; 12:65-79.
37. Dyer SJ, Abrahams N, Mokoena NE, van der Spuy ZM. 'You are a man because you have children': Experiences, reproductive health knowledge and treatment- seeking behaviour among men suffering from couple infertility in South Africa. Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 960-967.
38. Inhorn MC. “The worms are weak”: Male infertility and patriarchal paradoxes in Egypt. Men and Masculinities 2003; 5:236-256.
39. Inhorn MC. Middle Eastern masculinities in the age of new reproductive technologies: Male infertility and stigma in Egypt and Lebanon. Med Anthropol Q 2004; 18:162-82.
40. Nasseri M. Cultural similarities in psychological reactions to infertility. Psych Rep 2000; 86:375-378.
41. Toubia N. Female circumcision as a public health issue. NEJM 1994; 331:712-716.
42. Inhorn MC, Buss KA. Infertility, infection and iatrogene- sis in Egypt: An anthropological epidemiology of blocked tubes. Med Anthropol 1993; 15:217-244.
43. Dunkel-Schetter C, Lobel M. Psychological reactions to infertility. In: AL Stanton, C Dunkel-Schetter, eds. Infertility: Perspectives From Stress and Coping Research. New York: Plenum, 1991; 29-57.
44. Daniluk JC. Women's Sexuality Across the Lifespan. New York: Guilford Press, 1998.
45. Souter VL, Hopton JL, Penney GC, et al. Survey of psychological health in women with infertility. J Pschosom Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 23:41-49.
46. Paulson JD, Haarmann BS, Salerno RL, et al. An investigation of the relationship between emotional maladjustment and infertility. Fert Steril 1988; 49:258-262.
47. Freeman EW, Garcia CR, Rickels K. Behavioral and emotional factors: Comparisons of anovulatory infertile women with fertile and other infertile women. Fert Steril 1983; 40:195-201.
48. Stanton AL, Lobel M, Sears S, et al. Psychological aspects of selected issues in women's reproductive health: Current status and future directions. J Con Clin Psych 2002; 70:751-770.
49. Abbey A, Andrews FM, Halman LJ. Gender's role in response to infertility. Psych of Women Q 1991; 15:295316.
50. Miller SM, Kirsch N. Sex differences in cognitive coping with stress. In: RC Barnett, L Biener, GK Baruch, eds. Gender and Stress. New York: Free Press, 1987; 278307.
51. Domar AD, Broome A, Zuttermeister, PC, et al. The prevalence and predictability of depression in infertile women. Fertil Steril 1992; 58:1158-1163.
52. Lu Y, Yang L, Lu G, Sun Q. Mental status and coping style of infertile women. Chin Ment Health J 1996; 10:169-170.
53. Matsubayashi H, Hosaka T, Izumi S, et al. Increased depression and anxiety in infertile Japanese women resulting from lack of husband's support and feelings of stress. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2004; 26:398-404.
54. Oddens BJ, den Tonkelaar I, Nieuwenhuyse H. Psychosocial experiences in women facing fertility problems - a comparative survey. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:255-261.
55. Fido A, Zahid MA. Coping with infertility among Kuwati women: Cultural perspectives. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2004; 50:294-300.
56. Benyamini Y, Gozlan M, Kokia E. Variability in the difficulties experienced by women undergoing infertility treatments. Fertil Steril 2005; 83:275-283.
57. Savage OMN. Artificial donor insemination in Yaounde: Some sociocultural considerations. Soc Sci Med 1992; 35:907-913.
58. Araoye MO. Epidemiology of infertility: Social problems of the infertile couples. West Afr J Med 2003; 22: 190-196.
59. Orji EO, Kuti O, Fasuba OB. Impact of infertility on marital life in Nigeria. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2002; 79:61-62.
60. Schmid J, Kirchengast S, Vytiska-Binstorger E, et al. Psychosocial and sociocultural aspects of infertility - a comparison between Austrian and immigrant women. Anthropol Anz 2004; 62:301-309.
61. McCook JG, Reame NE, Thatcher SS. Health-related quality of life issues in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gyn Neon Nurs 2005; 34:12-20.
62. Strauss B, Didzus A, Speidel H. A study of the psychosomatic aspects of endometriosis. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 1992; 42:242-252.
63. Kitzinger C, Willmott J. 'The thief of womanhood': Women's experience with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54:349-361.
64. Orshan, SA, Furniss KK, Forst C, et al. The lived experience of premature ovarian failure. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2001; 30:202-208.
65. Pal L, Santoro N. Premature ovarian failure (POF): Discordance between somatic and reproductive aging. Ageing Res Rev 2002; 1:413-423.
66. Rebar RW, Connolly HV. Clinical features of young women with hypergonadotrophic amenorrhoea. Fertil Steril 1990; 53:804-810.
67. Groff AA, Covington SN, Halverson LR, et al. Assessing the emotional needs of women with spontaneous premature ovarian failure. Fertil Steril 2005; 83:1734-41.
68. Brannon L. Gender: Psychological Perspectives. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 1996.
69. Barnett RC, Baruch GK. Social roles, gender and psychological distress. In: RC Barnett, L Biener, GK Baruch, eds. Gender and Stress. New York: Free Press, 1987; 122-143.
70. Levinson DJ, The Seasons of a Man's Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978.
71. McGrath E, Keita GP, Strickland BR, et al., eds. Women and Depression: Risk Factors and Treatment Issues. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1990.
72. Gerstel G. A psychoanalytic view of artificial donor insemination. Am J Psychother 1963; 17:64-77.
73. Olshansky E. Identity of self as infertile: An example of theory-generating research. Adv Nurs Sci 1997; 9:54-63.
74. Miller JB. Toward a New Psychology of Women. Boston MA: Beacon, 1986.
75. Bergman S. Men's psychological development: A relational perspective. Stone Center Working Paper Series, paper #48. Wellesley, MA: The Stone Center. 1991.
76. Goffman E. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963.
77. Miall CE. Perceptions of informal sanctioning and the stigma of involuntary childlessness. Deviant Beh 1985; 6:383.
78. Nathanson DL. About emotion. Psych. Annals 1993; 23:543-555.
79. Martin E. The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1987.
80. Miall CE. The stigma of involuntary childlessness. Soc Prob 1986; 33:268-82.
81. Nathanson DL. Shame transactions. Transactional Anal Jour 1994; 24:121-129.
82. Burns LH, Covington SN. Psychology of infertility. In: LH Burns, SN Covington, eds. Infertility Counseling: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians. New York: Parthenon, 1999; 3-25.
83. Mahlstedt P.P. Psychological issues of infertility and assisted reproductive technology. Urol Clin North Am 1994 Aug; 21; 557-566.
84. White R, David H, Cantrell W. Pyschodynamics of depression: Implications for treatment. In: B Usdin, ed. Depression: Clinical, Biological, and Psychological Perspectives. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1977; 308.
85. Boivin J. Is there too much emphasis on psychosocial counseling for infertile patients? J Assist Reprod Genet 1997; 14:184-186.
86. Pook M, Rohrle B, Tuschen-Caffier B, Krause W. Why do infertile males use psychological couple counselling? Patient Educ Couns 2001; 42:239-245.
87. Pennebaker JW. Putting stress into words: Health, linguistic, and therapeutic implications. Beh Res Ther 1993; 31:539-548.
88. Domar AD, Dreher H. Healing Mind, Healthy Woman. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1996.
89. Anderson KM, Sharpe M, Rattray A, et al. Distress and concerns in couples referred to a specialist infertility clinic. Jour Psychosom Res 2003; 54:353-355.
90. Zolbrod AP. The emotional distress of the artificial insemination patient. Med Psychother 1988; 1:161-172.
91. Boivin J. A review of psychosocial interventions in infertility. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57:2325-2341.
92. Munkelwitz R, Gilbert BR. Are boxer shorts really better? A critical analysis of the role of underwear type in male subfertility. J Urol 1998; 160:1329-1333.
93. Ford WC, North K, Taylor H, et al. Increasing paternal age is associated with delayed conception in a large population of fertile couples: Evidence for declining fecundity in older men. The ALSPAC Study Team (Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood). Hum Reprod 2000; 15:1703-1708.
94. Nachtigall RD, Tschann JM, Quiroga SS, et al. Stigma, disclosure, and family functioning among parents of children conceived through donor insemination. Fertil Steril 1997; 68:83-89.
95. Reijo R. Diverse spermatogenic defects in humans caused by Y chromosome deletions encompassing a novel RNA-binding protein gene. Nature Genet 1995; 10: 383.
96. Maier DB, Maier LU. Patients with medically complicating conditions. In: LH Burns, SN Covington, eds. Infertility Counseling: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians. New York: Parthenon, 1999; 179-197.
97. Rieker P.P. How should a man with testicular cancer be counseled and what information is available to him? Semin Urol Oncol 1996; 14:17-23.
98. Green D, Galvin H, Horne B. The psycho-social impact of infertility on young male cancer survivors: A qualitative investigation. Psychooncology 2003; 12:141-152.
99. Parekattil SJ, Kuang W, Agarwal A, et al. Model to predict if a vasoepididymostomy will be required for vasectomy reversal. J Urol 2005; 173:1681-1684.
100. Qiu Y, Yang DT, Wang SM. Restoration of fertility in vasectomized men using percutaneous vasal or epididymal sperm aspiration. Contraception 2004; 69: 497-500.
101. Sperling H, Lummen G, Otto T, et al. The need for further reproductive medical advice after vasectomy reversal. World J Urol 1999; 17:301-304.
102. Zolbrod AP. Getting Around the Boulder in the Road: Using Imagery to Cope with Fertility Problems. Lexington, MA: The Center for Reproductive Problems, 1990.
103. Burns LH. Psychological changes in infertility patients. In: A Rosen, ed. Frozen Dreams: Psychodynamic Dimensions of Infertility and Assisted Reproduction. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, Inc., 2005; 3-29.
104. Zolbrod AP. Men, Women and Infertility: Intervention and Treatment Strategies. New York: Lexington Books, 1993.
105. Tuschen-Caffier B, Florin I, Krause W, et al. Cognitive- behavioral therapy for idiopathic infertile couples. Psy- chother Psychosom 1999; 8:5-21.
106. Hunt J, Monach JH. Beyond the bereavement model: The significance of depression for infertility counseling. Hum Reprod 1997 Nov; 12:188-194.
107. Stammer H, Wischmann T, Verres R. Counseling and couple therapy for infertile couples. Fam Proc 2002; 41:111-122.
108. Diamond R, Kezur D, Meyers M, et al. Couple Therapy for Infertility. New York: Guilford Press, 1999.
109. Ng KK, Donat R, Chan L, et al. Sperm output of older men. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:1811-1815.
110. Hermann M, Untergasser G, Rumpold H, et al. Aging of the male reproductive system. Exp Gerontol 2000; 35:1267-1279.
111. Rosenthal MB, Kingsberg SA. The older infertile patient. In: LH Burns, SN Covington, eds. Infertility Counseling: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians. New York: Parthenon, 1999; 283-295.
112. Bosch X. Investigating the reasons for Spain's falling birthrate. Lancet 1998; 12:887.
113. te Velde ER, Pearson PL. The variability of female reproductive ageing. Hum Reprod Update 2002; 8:141-154.
114. Sauer MV, Paulson RJ, Lobo RA. Reversing the natural decline in human fertility: An extended trial of oocyte donation to women of advanced reproductive age. JAMA 1992; 268:1270-1275.
115. Paulson RJ, Boostanfar R, Saadat P, et al. Pregnancy in the sixth decade of life: Obstetric outcomes in women of advanced reproductive age. JAMA 2002; 288:2320-2323.
116. Beski S, Gorgy A, Venkat G, Craft IL, et al. Gestational surrogacy: A feasible option for patients with Rokitansky syndrome. Hum Reprod 2000; 15:2326-8.
117. Keye WR. Medical aspects of infertility of the counselor. In: LH Burns, SN Covington, eds. Infertility Counseling: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians. New York: Parthenon, 1999; 27-46.
118. Pritts EA, Taylor RN. An evidence-based evaluation of endometriosis-associated infertility. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2003; 32:653-667.
119. Homburg R. The management of infertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 14(1):109.
120. Lopez E, Gunby J, Daya S, et al. Ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Randomized trial of clomiphene citrate versus low-dose recombinant FSH as first line therapy. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 9:382-390.
121. Cardone VS. GnRH antagonists for treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Fertil Steril 2003; 80(Suppl 1): S25-31.
122. Nardo LG. Management of anovulatory infertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: Tamoxifen citrate an effective alternative compound to clomiphene citrate. Gynecol Endocrinol 2004; 19:235-238.
123. Fedorcsak P, Dale PO, Storeng R, et al. The effect of metformin on ovarian stimulation and in vitro fertilization in insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: An open-label randomized cross-over trial. Gynecol Endocrinol 2003; 17: 207-214.
124. Cleemann L, Lauszus FF, Trolle B. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling as first line of treatment in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2004; 18:138-143.
125. Amer SA, Li TC, Ledger WL. Ovulation induction using laparoscopic ovarian drilling in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: Predictors of success. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:1719-1724.
126. Nelson LM, Covington SN, Rebar RR. An update: Spontaneous premature ovarian failure is not an early menopause. Fertil Steril 2005; 83:1327-1332.
127. Platz-Christensen JJ, Tronstad SE, Johansson O, et al. Evaluation of regret after tubal sterilization. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1992; 38:223-226.
128. Jamieson DJ, Kaufman SC, Costello C, et al. US Collaborative Review of Sterilization Working Group. A comparison of women's regret after vasectomy versus tubal sterilization. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99:1073-1079.
129. Kodaman PH, Arici A, Seli E. Evidence-based diagnosis and management of tubal factor infertility. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2004; 16:221-229.
130. Lalos A, Lalos O, Jacobsson L, et al. The psychosocial impact of infertility two years after completed surgical treatment. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985; 64:599604.
131. Lalos A, Lalos O, Jacobsson L, et al. Psychological reactions to the medical investigation and surgical treatment of infertility. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1985; 20:209-217.
132. Beerendonk CC, Braat DD. Present and future options for the preservation of fertility in female adolescents with cancer. Endocr Dev 2005; 8:166-175.
133. Schofield PE, Butow PN, Thompson JF, et al. Psychological responses of patients receiving a diagnosis of cancer. Ann Oncol 2003; 14:48-56.
134. Wright J, Duchesne C, Sabourin S, et al. Psychosocial distress and infertility: Men and women respond differently. Fertil Steril 1991; 55:100-8.
135. Domar AD, Zuttermeister PC, Friedman R. The psychological impact of infertility: A comparison with other medical conditions. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1993; 14 Suppl: 45-52.
136. Miller SM, Mischel W, Schoreder CM, et al. Intrusive and avoidant ideation among females pursuing infertility treatment. Psychology and Health 1998; 13:847-858.
137. Domar AD. Impact of psychological factors on dropout rates in insured infertility patients. Fertil Steril 2004; 81:271-273.
138. Smeenk JM, Verhaak CM, Stolwijk AM, et al. Reasons for dropout in an in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection program. Fertil Steril 2004; 81:262-268.
139. Smeenk JM, Verhaak CM, Eugster A, et al. The effect of anxiety and depression on the outcome of in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:1420-1423.
140. Domar AD, Seibel MM, Benson H. The mind/body program for infertility: A new behavioral treatment approach for women with infertility. Fertil Steril 1990; 53: 246-249.
141. Domar AD, Zuttermeister PC, Seibel MM, et al. Psychological improvement in infertile women after behavioral treatment: A replication. Fertil Steril 1992; 58:144-147.
142. Domar AD, Friedman R, Zuttermeister PC. Distress and conception in infertile women: A complementary approach. J Am Med Womens Assoc 1999; 54:196-198.
143. Domar AD, Clapp D, Slawsby E, et al. The impact of group psychological interventions on distress in infertile women. Health Psychol 2000; 19:568-575.
144. Domar AD, Clapp D, Slawsby EA, et al. Impact of group psychological interventions on pregnancy rates in infertile women. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:805-811.
145. Jordan C, Revenson TA. Gender differeneces in coping with infertility: A meta-analysis. Jour Behav Med 1999; 22:341-358.
146. Brand HJ. The influence of sex differences on the acceptance of infertility. J Reprod Infant Psychol 1989; 7:129-131.
147. Mindes EJ, Ingram KM, Kliewer W, et al. Longitudinal analyses of the relationship between unsupport- ive social interactions and psychological adjustment among women with fertility problems. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56:2165-2180.
148. Elsenbruch S, Hahn S, Kowalsky D, et al. Quality of life, psychosocial well-being, and sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:5801-5817.
149. Lalwani S, Timmreck L, Friedman R, et al. Variations in individual physician success rates within an in vitro fertilization program might be due to patient demographics. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 944-946.
150. Hynes GJ, Callan VJ, Terry DJ, et al. The psychological well-being of infertile women after a failed IVF attempt: The effects of coping. BrJ Med Psychol 1992; 65: 269-278.