Stress as a potential modifier of the impact of lead levels on blood pressure: The normative aging study

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 115, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1154-1159

  Peters, Junenette L ^a   Kubzansky, Laura ^a   McNeely, Eileen ^a   Schwartz, Joel ^a   Spiro III, Avron ^b   Sparrow, David ^b   Wright, Robert O ^a,c   Nie, Huiling ^a,c   Hu, Howard ^a,c,d  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Blood pressure; Bone lead; Hypertension; Psychosocial stress

Indexed keywords

LEAD;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGING; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; BONE LEVEL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; FAMILY HISTORY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LEAD POISONING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CHEMISTRY; METABOLISM; PATELLA; POLLUTANT; TIBIA; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALIA;

AGING; BLOOD PRESSURE; BOSTON; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; LEAD; MALE; PATELLA; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; TIBIA;

EID: 34848832930     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10002     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Aldwin CM, Levenson MR, Spiro A III, Bosse R. 1989. Does emotionality predict stress? Findings from the Normative Aging Study. J Pers Soc Psychol 56(4):618-624; doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.56.4.618.
2. Aldwin CM, Revenson TA. 1987. Does coping help? A reexamination of the relation between coping and mental health. J Pers Soc Psychol 53(2):337-348; doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.2.337.
3. Aldwin CM, Sutton KJ, Chiara G, Spiro A, 3rd. 1996. Age differences in stress, coping, and appraisal: findings from the Normative Aging Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 51(4):P179-P188.
4. Aldwin CM, Sutton KJ, Lachman M. 1996. The development of coping resources in adulthood. J Pers 64(4):837-871; doi: 10.1111/ j.1467-6494.1996.tb00946.x.
5. Appel LJ. 2003. Lifestyle modification as a means to prevent and treat high blood pressure. J Am Soc Nephrol 14(7 suppl 2):S99-S102; doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000070141.69483.5A.
6. Black PH. Garbutt LD. 2002. Stress, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. J Psychasom Res 52(1):1-23; doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00302-6.
7. Burger DE, Milder FL, Morsillo PR, Adams BB, Hu H. 1990. Automated bone lead analysis by K-x-ray fluorescence for the clinical environment. Basic Life Sci 55:287-292.
8. Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella EJ, Brown C, Cutler JA, Higgins M, et al. 1995. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension 25(3):305-313.
9. Casana G, Saga R, Ferrario M, Chiodini P, Corrao G, Mancia G. 2003. Job strain and blood pressure in employed men and women: a pooled analysis of four northern Italian population samples. Psychosom Med 65(4):558-563; doi: 10.1097/01.PSY.0000041473.03828.67.
10. Cheng Y, Schwartz J, Sparrow D, Aro A, Weiss ST, Hu H. 2001. Bone lead and blood lead levels in relation to baseline blood pressure and the prospective development of hypertension: the Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 153(2):164-171; doi:10.1093/aje/153.2.164.
11. Cohen S, Komarck T, Mermelstain R. 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 24(4):385-396; doi: 10.2307/2136404.
12. Cohen S, Kessler RC, Gordon LG. 1997. Strategies for measuring stress in studies of psychiatric and physical disorders. In: Measuring Stress: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists (Cohen S, Kessler FIC, Gordon LG, eds). New York:Oxford University Press, 3-28.
13. Cory-Slechta DA, Virgolini MB, Thiruchelvam M, Weston DD, Bauter MR. 2004. Maternal stress modulates the effects of developmental lead exposure. Environ Health Perspect 112:717-730; doi:101.1289/ehp.6481.
14. Davidson K, Jonas BS, Dixon KE, Markovitz JH. 2000. Do depression symptoms predict early hypertension incidence in young adults in the CARDIA study? Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. Arch Intern Med 160(10):1495-1500: doi:10.1001/archinte.160.10.1495.
15. Dohrenwend BS. 1973. Social status and stressful life events. J Pers Soc Psychol 28(2):225-235; doi:10.1037/h0035718.
16. Dohrenwend BS, Dohrenwend BP, Dodson M, Shrout PE. 1984. Symptoms, hassles, social supports, and life events: problem of confounded measures. J Abnorm Psychol 93(2):222-230: doi:10.1037/0021-843X.93.2.222.
17. Elmarsafawy SF, Jain NB, Schwartz J, Sparrow D, Nie H, Hu H. 2006. Dietary calcium as a potential modifier of the relationship of lead burden to blood pressure. Epidemiology 17(5):531-537.
18. Fields LE, Burt VL, Cutler JA, Hughes J, Roccella EJ, Sorlie P. 2004. The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: a rising tide. Hypertension 44(4):398-404, doi:10.1161/ 01.HYP.0000142248.54761.56.
19. Glenn BS, Stewart WF, Links JM, Todd AC, Schwartz BS. 2003. The longitudinal association of lead with blood pressure. Epidemiology 14(1):30-36; doi:10.1097/00001648-20030100000011.
20. Gonick HC, Behari JR. 2002. Is lead exposure the principal cause of essential hypertension? Med Hypotheses 59(3):239-246; doi:10.1016/ S0306-9877(02)00207-4.
21. Hertz-Picciotto I, Croft J. 1993. Review of the relation between blood lead and blood pressure. Epidemiol Rev 15(2):352-373.
22. Hu H, Aro A, Payton M, Korrick S, Sparrow D, Weiss ST, et al. 1996. The relationship of bone and blood lead to hypertension. The Normative Aging Study. JAMA 275(15):1171-1176; doi:10.1001/jama.275.15.1171.
23. Hu H, Milder FL, Burger DE. 1990. X-ray fluorescence measurements of lead burden in subjects with low-level community lead exposure. Arch Environ Health 45(6):335-341.
24. Hu H, Milder FL, Burger DE. 1991. The use of K X-ray fluorescence for measuring lead burden in epidemiological studies: high and low lead burdens and measurement uncertainty. Environ Health Perspect 94:107-110; doi: 10.2307/3431301.
25. Hu H, Watanabe H, Payton M, Korrick S, Rotnitzky A. 1994. The relationship between bone lead and hemoglobin. JAMA 272(19):1512-1517; doi:10.1001/jama.272.19.1512.
26. Izzo JL Jr,. Levy D, Black HR. 2000. Clinical Advisory Statement. Importance of systolic blood pressure in older Americans. Hypertension 35(5):1021-1024.
27. Jonas BS, Franks P, Ingram DD. 1997. Are symptoms of anxiety and depression risk factors for hypertension? Longitudinal evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Arch Fam Med 6(1):43-49.
28. Jonas BS, Lando JF. 2000. Negative affect as a prospective risk factor for hypertension. Psychosom Med 62(2):188-196; doi:10.1001/ archfami.6.1.43.
29. Kaplan MS, Nunes A. 2003. The psychosocial determinants of hypertension. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 13(1):52-59; doi: 10.1016/ S0939-4753(03)80168-0.
30. Korrick SA, Hunter DJ, Rotnitzky A, Hu H, Speizer FE. 1999. Lead and hypertension in a sample of middle-aged women. Am J Public Health 89(3):330-335.
31. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. 1984. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York:Springer.
32. Lee BK, Lee GS, Stewart WF, Ahn KD, Simon D, Kelsey KT, et al. 2001. Associations of blood pressure and hypertension with lead dose measures and polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genes. Environ Health Perspect 109:383-389: doi: 10.2307/3454898.
33. Levenstein S, Smith MW, Kaplan GA. 2001. Psychosocial predictors of hypertension in men and women. Arch Intern Med 161(10):1341-1346; doi:10.1001/archinte.161.10.1341.
34. Lindgren KN, Masten VL, Tiburzi MJ, Ford DP, Bleecker ML. 1999. The factor structure of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and its relationship to occupational lead exposure. J Occup Environ Med 41(1):3-10; doi:10.1097/00043764-199901000-00002.
35. Markovitz JH, Matthews KA, Kannel WB, Cobb JL, D'Agostino RB. 1993. Psychological predictors of hypertension in the Framingham Study. Is there tension in hypertension? JAMA 270(20):2439-2443: doi:10.1001/ jama.270.20.2439.
36. Martin D, Glass TA, Bandeen-Roche K, Todd AC, Shi W, Schwartz BS. 2006. Association of blood lead and tibia lead with blood pressure and hypertension in a community sample of older adults. Am J Epidemiol 163(5):467-478: doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj060.
37. Monroe SM, Kelley JM. 1997. Measurement of stress appraisal. In: Measuring Stress: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists (Cohen S, Kessler RC, Gordon LG, eds). New York:Oxford University Press, 122-147.
38. Muntner P, Menke A, DeSalvo KB, Rabito FA, Batuman V. 2005. Continued decline in blood lead levels among adults in the United States: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Arch Intern Med 165(18):2155-2161; doi:10.1001/archinte.165.18.2155.
39. Ohman L, Bergdahl J, Nyberg L, Lars-Goran N. 2007, Longitudinal analysis of the relation between moderate long-term stress and health. Stress Health 23(2):131-138; doi:10.1002/smi.1130 [Online 30 January 2007].
40. Pirkle JL, Brody DJ, Gunter EW, Kramer RA, Paschal DC, Flegal KM, et al. 1994. The decline in blood lead levels in the United States. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). JAMA 272(4):284-291; doi:10.1001/jama.272.4.284.
41. Rabinowitz MR. 1991. Toxicokinetics of bone lead. Environ Health Perspect 91:33-37; doi:10.2307/3430979.
42. Rhodes D, Spiro A III, Aro A, Hu H. 2003. Relationship of bone and blood lead levels to psychiatric symptoms: the Normative Aging Study. J Occup Environ Med 45(11):1144-1151; doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000094995.23808.7b.
43. Rutledge T, Hogan BE. 2002. A quantitative review of prospective evidence linking psychological factors with hypertension development. Psychosom Med 64(5):758-766; doi: 10.1097/01.PSY.0000031578.42041.1C.
44. Schwartz AR, Gerin W, Davidson KW, Pickering TG, Brosschot JF, Thayer JF, et al. 2003. Toward a causal model of cardiovascular responses to stress and the development of cardiovascular disease. Psychosom Med 65(1):22-35; doi: 10.1097/01.PSY.0000046075.79922.61.
45. Schwartz J. 1991. Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men and women. Environ Health Perspect 91:71-75; doi:10.2307/3430985.
46. Shigemi J, Mino Y, Tsuda T. 1999. The role of perceived job stress in the relationship between smoking and the development of peptic ulcers. J Epidemiol 9(5):320-326.
47. Silbergeld EK. 1991. Lead in bone: implications for toxicology during pregnancy and lactation. Environ Health Perspect 91:63-70; doi:10.2307/ 3430984.
48. Silbergeld EK, Sauk J, Somerman M, Todd A, McNeill F, Fowler B, et al. 1993. Lead in bone: storage site, exposure source, and target organ. Neurotoxicology 14(2-3):225-236.
49. Spiro A III, Aldwin CM, Ward KD, Mroczek DK. 1995. Personality and the incidence of hypertension among older men: longitudinal findings from the Normative Aging Study. Health Psychol 14(6):563-569; doi:10.1037/ 0278-6133.14.6.563.
50. Staessen JA, Roels H, Fagard R. 1996. Lead exposure and conventional and ambulatory blood pressure: a prospective population study. PheeCad Investigators. JAMA 275(20):1563-1570; doi:10.1001/jama.275.20.1563.
51. Strandberg TE, Pitkala K. 2003. What is the most important component of blood pressure: systolic, diastolic or pulse pressure? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 12(3):293-297; doi: 10.1097/00041552-200305000-00011.
52. Tsaih SW, Korrick S, Schwartz J, Lee ML, Amarasiriwardena C, Aro A, et al. 2001. Influence of bone resorption on the mobilization of lead from bone among middle-aged and elderly men: the Normative Aging Study. Environ Health Perspect 109:995-999; doi:10.2307/3454952.
53. Vaziri ND, Sica DA. 2004. Lead-induced hypertension: role of oxidative stress. Curr Hypertens Rep 6(4):314-320; doi: 10.1007/s11906-004-0027-3.
54. Virgolini MB, Chen K, Weston DD, Bauter MR, Cory-Slechta DA. 2005. Interactions of chronic lead exposure and intermittent stress: consequences for brain catecholamine systems and associated behaviors and HPA axis function. Toxicol Sci 87(2):469-482; doi:10.1093/toxsci/ kfi269.
55. Vyskocil A, Fiala Z, Ettlerova E, Tenjnorova I. 1990. Influence of chronic lead exposure on hormone levels in developing rats. J Appl Toxicol 10(4):301-302; doi:10.1002/jat.2550100412.
56. Vyskocil A, Fiala Z, Tejnorova I, Tusl M. 1991a. Stress reaction in developing rats exposed to 1% lead acetate. Sb Ved Pr Lek Fak Karlovy Univerzity Hradci Kralove 34(3):287-295.
57. Vyskocil A, Smejkalova J, Lacinova V. 1991b. Dose-related stress reaction in male rats chronically exposed to lead acetate. Sb Ved Pr Lek Fak Karlovy Univerzity Hradci Kralove 35(5):393-401.
58. Wright RJ. 2005. Stress and atopic disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 116(6):1301-1306; doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.050.
59. Yancura LA, Aldwin CM, Levenson MR, Spiro A III. 2006. Coping, affect, and the metabolic syndrome in older men: how does coping get under the skin? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 61(5):P295-303.