The hidden sides of self-esteem: Two dimensions of implicit self-esteem and their relation to narcissistic reactions

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 43, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 995-1001

  Sakellaropoulo, Maya ^a   Baldwin, Mark W ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aggressiveness; Implicit; Name letter task; Narcissism; Self esteem

Indexed keywords

EID: 34848828935     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: 10960465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.10.009     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Aiken L.S., and West S.G. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions (1991), Sage, Newbury Park, CA
2. Anderson C., John O.P., Keltner D., and Kring A.M. Who attains social status? Effects of personality and physical attractiveness in social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (2001) 116-132
3. Baccus J.R., Baldwin M.W., and Packer D.J. Increasing implicit self-esteem through classical conditioning. Psychological Science 15 (2004) 498-502
4. Baldwin M.W., and Baccus J.R. Maintaining a focus on the social goals underlying self-conscious emotions. Psychological Inquiry 15 (2004) 139-144
5. Baldwin M.W., and Holmes J.G. Salient private audiences and awareness of the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1987) 1087-1098
6. Baldwin M.W., and Sinclair L. Self-esteem and "if...then" contingencies of interpersonal acceptance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996) 1130-1141
7. Baumeister R.F., Bushman B.J., and Campbell W.K. Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: Does violence result from low self-esteem or from threatened egotism?. Current Directions in Psychological Science 9 (2000) 26-29
8. Bosson J.K., Swann W.B., and Pennebaker J.W. Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000) 631-643
9. Bushman B.J., and Baumeister R.F. Threatened egotism: Narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 (1998) 219-229
10. Campbell W.K. Narcissism and romantic attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1999) 1245-1270
11. Campbell W.K., Rudich E.A., and Sedikides C. Narcissism, self-esteem, and the positivity of self-views: Two portraits of self-love. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 (2002) 358-368
12. Dijksterhuis A. I like myself but I don't know why: Enhancing implicit self-esteem by subliminal evaluative conditioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 (2004) 345-355
13. Fazio R.H., and Olson M.A. Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use. Annual Review of Psychology 54 (2003) 297-327
14. Greenwald A.G., and Banaji M.R. Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem and stereotypes. Psychological Review 102 (1995) 4-27
15. Greenwald A.G., and Farnham S.D. Using the implicit association test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000) 1022-1038
16. Jordan C.H., Spencer S.J., Zanna M.P., Hoshino-Browne E., and Correll J. Secure and defensive high self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85 (2003) 969-978
17. Kirkpatrick L.A., Waugh C.E., Valencia A., and Webster G.D. The functional domain specificity of self-esteem and the differential prediction of aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 756-767
18. Kitayama S., and Karasawa M. Implicit self-esteem in Japan: Name letters and birthday numbers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23 (1997) 736-742
19. Koole S.L., Dijksterhuis A., and van Knippenberg A. What's in a name: Implicit self-esteem and the automatic self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 (2001) 669-685
20. Koole S.L., and Pelham B.W. On the nature of implicit self-esteem: The case of the name letter effect. In: Spencer S.J., Fein S., Zanna M.P., and Olson J.M. (Eds). Motivated social perception: The Ontario symposium Vol. 9 (2003), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ 93-116
21. Leary M.R., Cottrell C.A., and Phillips M. Deconfounding the effects of dominance and social acceptance on self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (2001) 898-909
22. McClelland D.C., Atkinson J.W., Clark R.A., and Lowell E.L. The achievement motive (1953), Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York
23. Nuttin J.M. Narcissism beyond gestalt and awareness: The name letter effect. European Journal of Social Psychology 15 (1985) 353-361
24. Nuttin J.M. Affective consequences of mere ownership: The name letter effect in twelve European languages. European Journal of Social Psychology 17 (1987) 381-402
25. Raskin R., and Hall C.S. A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports 45 (1979) 590
26. Raskin R., and Terry H. A principle components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (1988) 890-902
27. Rosenthal R. Meta-analytic procedures for social research (1984), Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA
28. Sakellaropoulo, M., & Baldwin, M. W. (2003). The hidden side of self-esteem: Investigating implicit self-esteem. Poster presented at the American Psychological Association (APA) Annual Conference. Toronto, Ontario.
29. Spalding L.R., and Hardin C.D. Unconscious unease and self-handicapping: Behavioral consequences of individual differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem. Psychological Science 10 (1999) 535-539
30. Tafarodi R.W., and Swann Jr. W.B. Self-liking and self-competence as dimensions of global self-esteem: Initial validation of a measure. Journal of Personality Assessment 65 (1995) 322-342
31. Taylor S.P. Aggressive behavior and psychological arousal as a function of provocation and the tendency to inhibit aggression. Journal of Personality 35 (1967) 297-310
32. Zebrowitz L.A., Hall J.A., Murphy N.A., and Rhodes G. Looking smart and looking good: Facial cues to intelligence and their origins. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 (2002) 238-249