메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue , 2001, Pages 468-525

Stable isotopes in seafloor hydrothermal systems: Vent fluids, hydrothermal deposits, hydrothermal alteration, and microbial processes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 34748910105     PISSN: 15296466     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.2138/gsrmg.43.1.469     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (181)

References (180)
  • 1
    • 0000391323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen-isotope constraints on serpentinization processes in ultramafic rocks from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (23°N)
    • Agrinier P, Cannat M (1997) Oxygen-isotope constraints on serpentinization processes in ultramafic rocks from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (23°N). Proc ODP, Sci Results 153:381-388
    • (1997) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.153 , pp. 381-388
    • Agrinier, P.1    Cannat, M.2
  • 2
    • 0029474584 scopus 로고
    • O and H stable isotope compositions of oceanic crust and upper mantle rocks exposed in the Hess Deep near the Galapagos Triple Junction
    • Agrinier P, Hekinian R, Bideau D, Javoy M (1995) O and H stable isotope compositions of oceanic crust and upper mantle rocks exposed in the Hess Deep near the Galapagos Triple Junction. Earth Planet Sci Lett 136:183-196
    • (1995) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.136 , pp. 183-196
    • Agrinier, P.1    Hekinian, R.2    Bideau, D.3    Javoy, M.4
  • 3
    • 84975776697 scopus 로고
    • Subseafloor processes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems
    • SE Humphris, RA Zierenberg, LS Mullineaux, RE Thomson (eds) Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions
    • Alt JC (1995) Subseafloor processes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems In SE Humphris, RA Zierenberg, LS Mullineaux, RE Thomson (eds) Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions. Am Geophys Union Monogr 91:85-114
    • (1995) Am Geophys Union Monogr , vol.91 , pp. 85-114
    • Alt, J.C.1
  • 4
    • 84874995027 scopus 로고
    • Sulfur isotopic profile through the oceanic crust: Sulfur mobility and seawater-crustal sulfur exchange during hydrothermal alteration
    • Alt JC (1995) Sulfur isotopic profile through the oceanic crust: Sulfur mobility and seawater-crustal sulfur exchange during hydrothermal alteration. Geology 23:585-588
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 585-588
    • Alt, J.C.1
  • 5
    • 0000943996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal alteration of a section of upper oceanic crust in the eastern equatorial Pacific: A synthesis of results from Site 504 (DSDP Legs 69, 70, and 83, and ODP Legs 111, 137, 140, and 148)
    • JC Alt, Kinoshita H, Stokking LB, Michael PJ (eds)
    • Alt JC, Laverne C, Vanko D, Tartarotti P, Teagle DAH, Bach W, Zuleger E, Erzinger J, Honnorez J, Pezard PA, Becker K, Salisbury MH, Wilkens RH (1996) Hydrothermal alteration of a section of upper oceanic crust in the eastern equatorial Pacific: a synthesis of results from Site 504 (DSDP Legs 69, 70, and 83, and ODP Legs 111, 137, 140, and 148). In JC Alt, Kinoshita H, Stokking LB, Michael PJ (eds) Proc ODP, Sci Results 148:417-434
    • (1996) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.148 , pp. 417-434
    • Alt, J.C.1    Laverne, C.2    Vanko, D.3    Tartarotti, P.4    Teagle, D.A.H.5    Bach, W.6    Zuleger, E.7    Erzinger, J.8    Honnorez, J.9    Pezard, P.A.10    Becker, K.11    Salisbury, M.H.12    Wilkens, R.H.13
  • 6
    • 0032503182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur in serpentinized oceanic peridotites: Serpentinization processes and microbial sulfate reduction
    • Alt JC, Shanks WC III (1998) Sulfur in serpentinized oceanic peridotites: serpentinization processes and microbial sulfate reduction. J Geophys Res 103:9917-9929
    • (1998) J Geophys Res , vol.103 , pp. 9917-9929
    • Alt, J.C.1    Shanks III, W.C.2
  • 7
    • 34748823275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of sulfur during serpentinization of abyssal peridotile
    • submitted
    • Alt JC, Shanks WC III (2001) Uptake of sulfur during serpentinization of abyssal peridotile. Earth Planet Sci Lett (submitted)
    • (2001) Earth Planet Sci Lett
    • Alt, J.C.1    Shanks III, W.C.2
  • 9
    • 0031844016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing the TAG hydrothermal mound and stockwork; oxygen-isotopic profiles from deep ocean drilling
    • Alt JC, Teagle DAH (1998) Probing the TAG hydrothermal mound and stockwork; oxygen-isotopic profiles from deep ocean drilling. Proc ODP, Sci Results 158:285-295
    • (1998) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.158 , pp. 285-295
    • Alt, J.C.1    Teagle, D.A.H.2
  • 10
  • 11
    • 17044392691 scopus 로고
    • Petrologic significance of low heat flow on the flanks of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges
    • Anderson RN (1972) Petrologic significance of low heat flow on the flanks of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. Geol Soc Am Bull 83:2947-2956
    • (1972) Geol Soc Am Bull , vol.83 , pp. 2947-2956
    • Anderson, R.N.1
  • 12
    • 0002788072 scopus 로고
    • Neptunism and vulcanism in the ocean
    • Arrhenius G, Bonatti E (1965) Neptunism and vulcanism in the ocean. Prog Oceanogr 3:7-22
    • (1965) Prog Oceanogr , vol.3 , pp. 7-22
    • Arrhenius, G.1    Bonatti, E.2
  • 13
    • 0033501548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the Sr and O isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids and the spreading and magma-supply rates at oceanic spreading centers
    • Bach W, Humphris SE (1999) Relationship between the Sr and O isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids and the spreading and magma-supply rates at oceanic spreading centers. Geology 27:1067-1070
    • (1999) Geology , vol.27 , pp. 1067-1070
    • Bach, W.1    Humphris, S.E.2
  • 14
    • 0000892756 scopus 로고
    • Die rezente hydrothermal-sedimentare Lagerstatte Atlantic II-Tief im Roten Meer
    • Bäcker H, Richter H (1973) Die rezente hydrothermal-sedimentare Lagerstatte Atlantic II-Tief im Roten Meer. Geol Rundsch 62:697-740
    • (1973) Geol Rundsch , vol.62 , pp. 697-740
    • Bäcker, H.1    Richter, H.2
  • 15
    • 0000452097 scopus 로고
    • New deeps with brines and metalliferous sediments in the Red Sea
    • Bäcker H, Schoell M (1972) New deeps with brines and metalliferous sediments in the Red Sea. Nature 240:153-158
    • (1972) Nature , vol.240 , pp. 153-158
    • Bäcker, H.1    Schoell, M.2
  • 16
    • 0029772081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen isotope systematics of phase separation in submarine hydrothermal systems; experimental calibration and theoretical models
    • Berndt ME, Seal RR II, Shanks WC III, Seyfried WE Jr (1996) Hydrogen isotope systematics of phase separation in submarine hydrothermal systems; experimental calibration and theoretical models. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:1595-1604
    • (1996) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.60 , pp. 1595-1604
    • Berndt, M.E.1    Seal II, R.R.2    Shanks III, W.C.3    Seyfried Jr., W.E.4
  • 17
    • 0024944568 scopus 로고
    • Plagioclase and epidote buffering of cation ratios in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluids: Experimental results in and near the supercritical region
    • Berndt ME, Seyfried WE Jr, Janecky DR (1989) Plagioclase and epidote buffering of cation ratios in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluids: experimental results in and near the supercritical region. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:2283-2300
    • (1989) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.53 , pp. 2283-2300
    • Berndt, M.E.1    Seyfried Jr., W.E.2    Janecky, D.R.3
  • 18
    • 0027881616 scopus 로고
    • Calcium and sodium exchange during hydrothermal alteration of calcic plagioclase at 400°C and 400 bars
    • Berndt ME, Seyfried WE Jr (1993) Calcium and sodium exchange during hydrothermal alteration of calcic plagioclase at 400°C and 400 bars. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:4445-4451
    • (1993) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.57 , pp. 4445-4451
    • Berndt, M.E.1    Seyfried Jr., W.E.2
  • 19
    • 0031453077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibration of Br/Cl fractionation during subcritical phase separation of seawater; possible halite at 9 to 10°N East Pacific Rise
    • Berndt ME, Seyfried WE Jr (1997) Calibration of Br/Cl fractionation during subcritical phase separation of seawater; possible halite at 9 to 10°N East Pacific Rise. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:2849-2854
    • (1997) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.61 , pp. 2849-2854
    • Berndt, M.E.1    Seyfried Jr., W.E.2
  • 20
    • 0002461415 scopus 로고
    • Red Sea geothermal brine deposits: Their mineralogy, chemistry, and genesis
    • ET Degens, DA Ross (eds) Springer Verlag, New York
    • Bischoff JL (1969) Red Sea geothermal brine deposits: their mineralogy, chemistry, and genesis. In ET Degens, DA Ross (eds) Hot Brines and Recent Heavy Metal Deposits in the Red Sea. Springer Verlag, New York, p 368-401
    • (1969) Hot Brines and Recent Heavy Metal Deposits in the Red Sea , pp. 368-401
    • Bischoff, J.L.1
  • 21
    • 0000030281 scopus 로고
    • Seawater-basalt interaction at 200°C and 500 bars implications for origin of sea-floor heavy metal deposits and regulation of seawater chemistry
    • Bischoff JL, Dickson FW (1975) Seawater-basalt interaction at 200°C and 500 bars implications for origin of sea-floor heavy metal deposits and regulation of seawater chemistry. Earth Planet Sci Lett 25:385-397
    • (1975) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.25 , pp. 385-397
    • Bischoff, J.L.1    Dickson, F.W.2
  • 22
    • 0006530169 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic elements of the central part of the Gulf of California
    • Bischoff JL, Henyey TL (1974) Tectonic elements of the central part of the Gulf of California. Geol Soc Am Bull 85:1893-1904
    • (1974) Geol Soc Am Bull , vol.85 , pp. 1893-1904
    • Bischoff, J.L.1    Henyey, T.L.2
  • 23
    • 0022165309 scopus 로고
    • An empirical equation of state for hydrothermal seawater (3.2% NaCl)
    • Bischoff JL, Rosenbauer RJ (1985) An empirical equation of state for hydrothermal seawater (3.2% NaCl). Am J Sci 285:725-763
    • (1985) Am J Sci , vol.285 , pp. 725-763
    • Bischoff, J.L.1    Rosenbauer, R.J.2
  • 24
    • 0024944513 scopus 로고
    • Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection
    • Bischoff JL, Rosenbauer RJ (1989) Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection. J Geol 97:613-623
    • (1989) J Geol , vol.97 , pp. 613-623
    • Bischoff, J.L.1    Rosenbauer, R.J.2
  • 25
    • 84879882990 scopus 로고
    • New stratification in the hydrothermal brine system of the Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea
    • Blanc G, Anschutz P (1995) New stratification in the hydrothermal brine system of the Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea. Geology 23(6):543-546
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 543-546
    • Blanc, G.1    Anschutz, P.2
  • 26
    • 0024078787 scopus 로고
    • Sulfide-sulfate chimneys on the East Pacific Rise, 11° and 13°N latitudes, Part II: Sulfur isotopes
    • Bluth GJ, Ohmoto H (1988) Sulfide-sulfate chimneys on the East Pacific Rise, 11° and 13°N latitudes, Part II: Sulfur isotopes. Can Mineral 26:505-515
    • (1988) Can Mineral , vol.26 , pp. 505-515
    • Bluth, G.J.1    Ohmoto, H.2
  • 27
    • 0028562853 scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope study of hydrothermal vents at Escanaba Trough, NE Pacific: Observed and calculated effects of sediment-seawater interaction
    • JL Morton, RA Zierenberg, CA Reiss (eds) Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California, Gorda Ridge
    • Bōhlke JK, Shanks WC III (1994) Stable isotope study of hydrothermal vents at Escanaba Trough, NE Pacific: Observed and calculated effects of sediment-seawater interaction In JL Morton, RA Zierenberg, CA Reiss (eds) Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California, Gorda Ridge. U S Geol Surv Bull 2022:223-239
    • (1994) U S Geol Surv Bull , vol.2022 , pp. 223-239
    • Bohlke, J.K.1    Shanks III, W.C.2
  • 28
    • 0000527137 scopus 로고
    • Precipitates from hydrothermal exhalations on the East Pacific Rise
    • Bostrom K, Peterson MNA (1966) Precipitates from hydrothermal exhalations on the East Pacific Rise. Econ Geol 61:1258-1265
    • (1966) Econ Geol , vol.61 , pp. 1258-1265
    • Bostrom, K.1    Peterson, M.N.A.2
  • 30
    • 0024525658 scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope signatures of water-rock interaction in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen
    • Bowers TS (1989) Stable isotope signatures of water-rock interaction in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen. J Geophys Res 94(B5):5775-5786
    • (1989) J Geophys Res , vol.94 , Issue.B5 , pp. 5775-5786
    • Bowers, T.S.1
  • 32
    • 17144437354 scopus 로고
    • An integrated chemical and stable isotopic model of the origin of mid-ocean ridge hot spring systems
    • Bowers TS, Taylor HP (1985) An integrated chemical and stable isotopic model of the origin of mid-ocean ridge hot spring systems. J Geophys Res 90:12,583-12,606
    • (1985) J Geophys Res , vol.90
    • Bowers, T.S.1    Taylor, H.P.2
  • 33
    • 0032436063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mineralogy, sulphur isotope geochemistry and the development of sulphide structures at the Broken Spur hydrothermal vent site, 29°10′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
    • Butler IB, Fallick AE, Nesbitt RW (1998) Mineralogy, sulphur isotope geochemistry and the development of sulphide structures at the Broken Spur hydrothermal vent site, 29°10′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. J Geol Soc London 155:773-785
    • (1998) J Geol Soc London , vol.155 , pp. 773-785
    • Butler, I.B.1    Fallick, A.E.2    Nesbitt, R.W.3
  • 34
    • 0037965092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep ocean hydrothermal vents
    • H Sigurdsson, BF Houghton, SR McNutt, H Rymer, J Stix (eds) Academic Press, San Diego, California
    • Butterfield DA (2000) Deep ocean hydrothermal vents. In H Sigurdsson, BF Houghton, SR McNutt, H Rymer, J Stix (eds) Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press, San Diego, California, p 857-875
    • (2000) Encyclopedia of Volcanoes , pp. 857-875
    • Butterfield, D.A.1
  • 35
    • 0025590637 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from Axial Seamount Hydrothermal Emissions Study vent field, Juan de Fuca Ridge; subseafloor boiling and subsequent fluid-rock interaction
    • Butterfield DA, Massoth GJ, McDuff RE, Lupton JE, Lilley MD (1990) Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from Axial Seamount Hydrothermal Emissions Study vent field, Juan de Fuca Ridge; subseafloor boiling and subsequent fluid-rock interaction. J Geophys Res 95:12,895-12,921
    • (1990) J Geophys Res , vol.95
    • Butterfield, D.A.1    Massoth, G.J.2    McDuff, R.E.3    Lupton, J.E.4    Lilley, M.D.5
  • 36
    • 0000217732 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge
    • MJ Mottl, EE Davis, AT Fisher (eds)
    • Butterfield DA, McDuff RE, Franklin J, Wheat CG (1994a) Geochemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge. In MJ Mottl, EE Davis, AT Fisher (eds) Proc ODP, Sci Results 139:395-410
    • (1994) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.139 , pp. 395-410
    • Butterfield, D.A.1    McDuff, R.E.2    Franklin, J.3    Wheat, C.G.4
  • 37
    • 0028194083 scopus 로고
    • Gradients in the composition of hydrothermal fluids from the Endeavour Segment vent field; phase separation and brine loss
    • Butterfield DA, McDuff RE, Mottl MJ, Lilley MD, Lupton JE, Massoth GJ (1994b) Gradients in the composition of hydrothermal fluids from the Endeavour Segment vent field; phase separation and brine loss. J Geophys Res 99:9561-9583
    • (1994) J Geophys Res , vol.99 , pp. 9561-9583
    • Butterfield, D.A.1    McDuff, R.E.2    Mottl, M.J.3    Lilley, M.D.4    Lupton, J.E.5    Massoth, G.J.6
  • 38
    • 0024230128 scopus 로고
    • A time-series of vent fluid compositions from 21°N East Pacific Rise (1979, 1981, 1985) and the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California (1982, 1985)
    • Campbell AC, Bowers TS, Measures CI, Falkner KK, Khadem M, Edmond JM (1988) A time-series of vent fluid compositions from 21°N East Pacific Rise (1979, 1981, 1985) and the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California (1982, 1985). J Geophys Res 93:4537-4549
    • (1988) J Geophys Res , vol.93 , pp. 4537-4549
    • Campbell, A.C.1    Bowers, T.S.2    Measures, C.I.3    Falkner, K.K.4    Khadem, M.5    Edmond, J.M.6
  • 39
    • 0028581669 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge
    • JL Morton, RA Zierenberg, CA Reiss (eds) Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California
    • Campbell AC, German CR, Palmer MR, Gamo T, Edmond JM (1994) Chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge. In JL Morton, RA Zierenberg, CA Reiss (eds) Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California. U S Geol Surv 2022:201-222
    • (1994) U S Geol Surv , vol.2022 , pp. 201-222
    • Campbell, A.C.1    German, C.R.2    Palmer, M.R.3    Gamo, T.4    Edmond, J.M.5
  • 40
    • 0034724862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Archean sulfur cycle and the early history of atmospheric oxygen
    • Canfield DE, Habicht KS, Thamdrup B (2000) The Archean sulfur cycle and the early history of atmospheric oxygen. Science 288:658-661
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 658-661
    • Canfield, D.E.1    Habicht, K.S.2    Thamdrup, B.3
  • 41
    • 34748879117 scopus 로고
    • Cannat M et al. (eds) Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas
    • Cannat M et al. (eds) (1995) Proc ODP Initial Repts 153, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas, 798 p
    • (1995) Proc ODP Initial Repts 153
  • 42
    • 0027840521 scopus 로고
    • A lithium isotope study of hot springs and metabasalts from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems
    • Chan LH, Edmond JM, Thompson G (1993) A lithium isotope study of hot springs and metabasalts from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. J Geophys Res-Solid Earth 98(B6):9653-9659
    • (1993) J Geophys Res-Solid Earth , vol.98 , Issue.B6 , pp. 9653-9659
    • Chan, L.H.1    Edmond, J.M.2    Thompson, G.3
  • 43
    • 0027795040 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal methane venting between 12°N and 26°N along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
    • Charlou, JL., Donval JP (1993) Hydrothermal methane venting between 12°N and 26°N along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. J Geophys Res 98:9625-9642
    • (1993) J Geophys Res , vol.98 , pp. 9625-9642
    • Charlou, J.L.1    Donval, J.P.2
  • 44
    • 0022007824 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen isotope exchange rate between dissolved sulfate and water at hydrothermal temperatures
    • Chiba H, Sakai H (1985) Oxygen isotope exchange rate between dissolved sulfate and water at hydrothermal temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:993-1000
    • (1985) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.49 , pp. 993-1000
    • Chiba, H.1    Sakai, H.2
  • 45
    • 0031844509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope study of anhydrite and sulfide minerals at the TAG hydrothermal mound, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 26°N
    • Chiba H, Uchiyama N, Teagle DAH (1998) Stable isotope study of anhydrite and sulfide minerals at the TAG hydrothermal mound, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 26°N. Proc ODP, Sci Results 158:85-90
    • (1998) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.158 , pp. 85-90
    • Chiba, H.1    Uchiyama, N.2    Teagle, D.A.H.3
  • 46
    • 25344454551 scopus 로고
    • The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen in oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis
    • Clayton RN, Mayeda TK (1963) The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen in oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 27:43-52
    • (1963) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.27 , pp. 43-52
    • Clayton, R.N.1    Mayeda, T.K.2
  • 47
    • 0023525094 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic exchange in mineral-fluid systems: II. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic investigation of the experimental basalt-seawater system
    • Cole DR, Mottl MJ, Ohmoto H (1987) Isotopic exchange in mineral-fluid systems: II. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic investigation of the experimental basalt-seawater system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:1523-1538
    • (1987) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.51 , pp. 1523-1538
    • Cole, D.R.1    Mottl, M.J.2    Ohmoto, H.3
  • 48
    • 0021283171 scopus 로고
    • Flow rates in the axial hot springs of the East Pacific Rise (21°N); implications for the heat budget and the formation of massive sulfide deposits
    • Converse DR, Holland HD, Edmond JM (1984) Flow rates in the axial hot springs of the East Pacific Rise (21°N); implications for the heat budget and the formation of massive sulfide deposits. Earth Planet Sci Lett 69:159-175
    • (1984) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.69 , pp. 159-175
    • Converse, D.R.1    Holland, H.D.2    Edmond, J.M.3
  • 49
    • 0001039628 scopus 로고
    • Improvements in the gaseous hydrogen-water equilibration technique for hydrogen isotope ratio analysis
    • Coplen TB, Wildman JD, Chen J (1991) Improvements in the gaseous hydrogen-water equilibration technique for hydrogen isotope ratio analysis. Analyt Chem 63:910-912
    • (1991) Analyt Chem , vol.63 , pp. 910-912
    • Coplen, T.B.1    Wildman, J.D.2    Chen, J.3
  • 51
    • 0000986768 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic composition and origin of the Red Sea and Salton Sea geothermal brines
    • Craig H (1966) Isotopic composition and origin of the Red Sea and Salton Sea geothermal brines. Science 154:1544-1548
    • (1966) Science , vol.154 , pp. 1544-1548
    • Craig, H.1
  • 52
    • 0025590559 scopus 로고
    • Micro-analysis of sulfur-isotope ratios and zonation by laser microprobe
    • Crowe DE, Valley JW, Baker KL (1990) Micro-analysis of sulfur-isotope ratios and zonation by laser microprobe. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:2075-2092
    • (1990) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.54 , pp. 2075-2092
    • Crowe, D.E.1    Valley, J.W.2    Baker, K.L.3
  • 53
    • 0027066715 scopus 로고
    • Laser microprobe study of sulfur isotope variation in a sea-floor hydrothermal spire, Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge, eastern Pacific
    • Crowe DE, Valley JW (1992) Laser microprobe study of sulfur isotope variation in a sea-floor hydrothermal spire, Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge, eastern Pacific. Chem Geol 101:63-70
    • (1992) Chem Geol , vol.101 , pp. 63-70
    • Crowe, D.E.1    Valley, J.W.2
  • 55
    • 0023163903 scopus 로고
    • Multi-channel seismic imaging of a crustal magma chamber along the East Pacific Rise
    • Detrick RS, Buhl P, Vera E, Mutter J, Orcutt J, Madsen J, Brocher T (1987) Multi-channel seismic imaging of a crustal magma chamber along the East Pacific Rise. Nature 326:35-41
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 35-41
    • Detrick, R.S.1    Buhl, P.2    Vera, E.3    Mutter, J.4    Orcutt, J.5    Madsen, J.6    Brocher, T.7
  • 57
    • 0026002262 scopus 로고
    • Degassing history of water, sulfur, and carbon in submarine lavas from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
    • Dixon JE, Clague DA, Stolper EM (1991) Degassing history of water, sulfur, and carbon in submarine lavas from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. J Geol 99:371-394
    • (1991) J Geol , vol.99 , pp. 371-394
    • Dixon, J.E.1    Clague, D.A.2    Stolper, E.M.3
  • 58
    • 0029531123 scopus 로고
    • Mineralogy and sulfur isotope geochemistry of the Broken Spur sulphides, 29°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge
    • LM Parson, CL Walker, DR Dixon (eds) Hydrothermal Vents and Processes
    • Duckworth RC, Knott R, Fallick AE, Rickard D, Murton BJ, Van Dover C (1995) Mineralogy and sulfur isotope geochemistry of the Broken Spur sulphides, 29°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In LM Parson, CL Walker, DR Dixon (eds) Hydrothermal Vents and Processes. Spec Publ Geol Soc London 87:175-190
    • (1995) Spec Publ Geol Soc London , vol.87 , pp. 175-190
    • Duckworth, R.C.1    Knott, R.2    Fallick, A.E.3    Rickard, D.4    Murton, B.J.5    Van Dover, C.6
  • 59
    • 0019390064 scopus 로고
    • Crustal processes of the mid-ocean ridge
    • East-Pacific-Rise-Study-Group (1981) Crustal processes of the mid-ocean ridge. Science 213:31-40
    • (1981) Science , vol.213 , pp. 31-40
  • 62
    • 0019998659 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of hot springs on the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal
    • Edmond JM, Von Damm KL, McDuff RE, Measures CI (1982) Chemistry of hot springs on the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal. Nature 297:187-191
    • (1982) Nature , vol.297 , pp. 187-191
    • Edmond, J.M.1    Von Damm, K.L.2    McDuff, R.E.3    Measures, C.I.4
  • 63
    • 0029530124 scopus 로고
    • A three-component mixing model for ridge-crest hydrothermal fluids
    • Edmonds HN, Edmond JM (1995) A three-component mixing model for ridge-crest hydrothermal fluids. Earth Planet Sci Lett 134:53-67
    • (1995) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.134 , pp. 53-67
    • Edmonds, H.N.1    Edmond, J.M.2
  • 66
    • 0024257443 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry of some gases in hydrothermal fluids from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge
    • Evans WC, White LD, Rapp JB (1988) Geochemistry of some gases in hydrothermal fluids from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. J Geophys Res 93:15,305-15,313
    • (1988) J Geophys Res , vol.93
    • Evans, W.C.1    White, L.D.2    Rapp, J.B.3
  • 67
    • 33645455435 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic and volcanic controls on hydrothermal processes at the mid-ocean ridge; an overview based on near-bottom and submersible studies
    • SE Humphris, RA Zierenberg, LS Mullineaux, RE Thomson (eds) Seafloor hydrothermal systems; physical, chemical, biological, and geological interactions
    • Fornari DJ, Embley RW (1995) Tectonic and volcanic controls on hydrothermal processes at the mid-ocean ridge; an overview based on near-bottom and submersible studies. In SE Humphris, RA Zierenberg, LS Mullineaux, RE Thomson (eds) Seafloor hydrothermal systems; physical, chemical, biological, and geological interactions. Am Geophys Union Monogr 91:1-46
    • (1995) Am Geophys Union Monogr , vol.91 , pp. 1-46
    • Fornari, D.J.1    Embley, R.W.2
  • 68
    • 0030427956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of large sulfide mineral deposits along fast spreading ridges: Example from off-axial deposits at 12°43′N on the East Pacific Rise
    • Fouquet Y, Knott R, Cambon P, Fallick A, Rickard D, Desbruyeres D (1996) Formation of large sulfide mineral deposits along fast spreading ridges: Example from off-axial deposits at 12°43′N on the East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet Sci Lett 144:147-162
    • (1996) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.144 , pp. 147-162
    • Fouquet, Y.1    Knott, R.2    Cambon, P.3    Fallick, A.4    Rickard, D.5    Desbruyeres, D.6
  • 70
    • 0024856989 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry and dynamics of the Yellowstone National Park hydrothermal system
    • Fournier RO (1989) Geochemistry and dynamics of the Yellowstone National Park hydrothermal system. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 17:13-53
    • (1989) Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci , vol.17 , pp. 13-53
    • Fournier, R.O.1
  • 71
    • 0018312197 scopus 로고
    • Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific Rise
    • Francheteau J, Needham HD, Choukroune P, and others (1979) Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific Rise. Nature 77:523-528
    • (1979) Nature , vol.77 , pp. 523-528
    • Francheteau, J.1    Needham, H.D.2    Choukroune, P.3
  • 75
    • 0000627240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petrologic and stable isotope constraints on hydrothermal alteration and serpentinization of the EPR shallow mantle at Hess Deep (Site 895)
    • Mevel C, Gillis KM, Allan JF, Meyer PS (eds)
    • Fruh-Green GL, Plas A, Lecuyer C (1996) Petrologic and stable isotope constraints on hydrothermal alteration and serpentinization of the EPR shallow mantle at Hess Deep (Site 895). In Mevel C, Gillis KM, Allan JF, Meyer PS (eds) Proc ODP, Sci Results 147:255-291
    • (1996) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.147 , pp. 255-291
    • Fruh-Green, G.L.1    Plas, A.2    Lecuyer, C.3
  • 77
    • 0031879034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detailed sulfur-isotope investigation of the TAG hydrothermal mound and stockwork zone, 26°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
    • Gemmell JB, Sharpe R (1998) Detailed sulfur-isotope investigation of the TAG hydrothermal mound and stockwork zone, 26°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Proc ODP, Sci Results 158:71-84
    • (1998) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.158 , pp. 71-84
    • Gemmell, J.B.1    Sharpe, R.2
  • 79
    • 0021029188 scopus 로고
    • Growth history of hydrothermal black smoker chimneys
    • Haymon RM (1983) Growth history of hydrothermal black smoker chimneys. Nature 30:695-698
    • (1983) Nature , vol.30 , pp. 695-698
    • Haymon, R.M.1
  • 80
    • 0019677141 scopus 로고
    • Hot spring deposits on the East Pacific Rise at 21°N: Preliminary description of mineralogy and genesis
    • Haymon RM, Kastner M (1981) Hot spring deposits on the East Pacific Rise at 21°N: preliminary description of mineralogy and genesis. Earth Planet Sci Lett 53:363-381
    • (1981) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.53 , pp. 363-381
    • Haymon, R.M.1    Kastner, M.2
  • 81
    • 0026062804 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal vent distribution along the East Pacific Rise crest (9°09-54′N) and its relationship to magmatic and tectonic processes on the fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges
    • Haymon RM, Fornari DJ, Edwards MH, Carbotte S, Wright D, Macdonald K (1991) Hydrothermal vent distribution along the East Pacific Rise crest (9°09-54′N) and its relationship to magmatic and tectonic processes on the fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges. Earth Planet Sci Lett 104:513-534
    • (1991) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.104 , pp. 513-534
    • Haymon, R.M.1    Fornari, D.J.2    Edwards, M.H.3    Carbotte, S.4    Wright, D.5    Macdonald, K.6
  • 83
    • 0000616478 scopus 로고
    • Sulfide deposits from the East Pacific rise near 21°N: A mineralogical study
    • Hekinian R, Fevrier M, Bischoff JL, Picot P, Shanks WC III (1980) Sulfide deposits from the East Pacific rise near 21°N: A mineralogical study. Science 207:1433-1444
    • (1980) Science , vol.207 , pp. 1433-1444
    • Hekinian, R.1    Fevrier, M.2    Bischoff, J.L.3    Picot, P.4    Shanks III, W.C.5
  • 84
    • 84865798815 scopus 로고
    • Gold-rich polymetallic sulfides from the Lau back arc and implications for the geochemistry of gold in sea-floor hydrothermal systems of the Southwest Pacific
    • Herzig PM, Hannington MD, Fouquet Y, von Stackelberg U, Petersen S (1993) Gold-rich polymetallic sulfides from the Lau back arc and implications for the geochemistry of gold in sea-floor hydrothermal systems of the Southwest Pacific. Econ Geol 88:2178-2205
    • (1993) Econ Geol , vol.88 , pp. 2178-2205
    • Herzig, P.M.1    Hannington, M.D.2    Fouquet, Y.3    Von Stackelberg, U.4    Petersen, S.5
  • 85
    • 0031867988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry and sulfur-isotopic composition of the TAG hydrothermal mound, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26°N
    • Herzig PM, Petersen S, Hannington MD (1998) Geochemistry and sulfur-isotopic composition of the TAG hydrothermal mound, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26°N. Proc ODP, Sci Results 158:47-70
    • (1998) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.158 , pp. 47-70
    • Herzig, P.M.1    Petersen, S.2    Hannington, M.D.3
  • 86
    • 0028844884 scopus 로고
    • The activity-composition relationship of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in aqueous salt solutions; III, Vapor-liquid water equilibration of NaCl solutions to 350°C
    • Horita J, Cole DR, Wesolowski DJ (1995) The activity-composition relationship of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in aqueous salt solutions; III, Vapor-liquid water equilibration of NaCl solutions to 350°C. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:1139-1151
    • (1995) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.59 , pp. 1139-1151
    • Horita, J.1    Cole, D.R.2    Wesolowski, D.J.3
  • 87
    • 0027386290 scopus 로고
    • The Activity-Composition relationship of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in aqueous salt solutions: 1. Vapor-Liquid water equilibration of single salt solutions from 50°C to 100°C
    • Horita J, Wesolowski DJ, Cole DR (1993) The Activity-Composition relationship of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in aqueous salt solutions: 1. Vapor-Liquid water equilibration of single salt solutions from 50°C to 100°C. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:2797-2817
    • (1993) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.57 , pp. 2797-2817
    • Horita, J.1    Wesolowski, D.J.2    Cole, D.R.3
  • 89
    • 0002313397 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal activity related to arc-backarc magmatism in the western pacific
    • B Taylor (ed) Plenum, New York
    • Ishibashi J, Urabe T (1995) Hydrothermal activity related to arc-backarc magmatism in the western pacific. In B Taylor (ed) Backarc Basins. Plenum, New York, p 451-495
    • (1995) Backarc Basins , pp. 451-495
    • Ishibashi, J.1    Urabe, T.2
  • 90
    • 0000155140 scopus 로고
    • The chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Broken Spur site, 29°N Mid-Atlantic ridge
    • James RH, Elderfield H, Palmer MR (1995) The chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Broken Spur site, 29°N Mid-Atlantic ridge. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:651-659
    • (1995) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.59 , pp. 651-659
    • James, R.H.1    Elderfield, H.2    Palmer, M.R.3
  • 91
    • 0005809592 scopus 로고
    • Computational modeling of chemical and sulfur isotopic reaction processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems: Chimneys, mounds, and subjacent alteration zones
    • Janecky DR, Shanks WC III (1988) Computational modeling of chemical and sulfur isotopic reaction processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems: chimneys, mounds, and subjacent alteration zones. Can Mineral 26:805-825
    • (1988) Can Mineral , vol.26 , pp. 805-825
    • Janecky, D.R.1    Shanks III, W.C.2
  • 94
    • 0025205775 scopus 로고
    • 13 copper-rich sulfide deposits near 23°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Chemical composition, mineral chemistry, and sulfur isotopes
    • J Honnerez, WB Bryan, T Juteau (eds)
    • Kase K, Yamamoto M, Shibata T (1990) 13 copper-rich sulfide deposits near 23°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Chemical composition, mineral chemistry, and sulfur isotopes. In J Honnerez, WB Bryan, T Juteau (eds) Proc ODP, Sci Results 106/109:163-177
    • (1990) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.106-109 , pp. 163-177
    • Kase, K.1    Yamamoto, M.2    Shibata, T.3
  • 95
    • 0001767857 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for two distinct hydrothermal systems in the Guaymas Basia
    • JR Curray, DG Moore, et al. (eds) U S Gov't Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • Kastner M (1982) Evidence for two distinct hydrothermal systems in the Guaymas Basia In JR Curray, DG Moore, et al. (eds) Init Repts DSDP 64:1143-1157, U S Gov't Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • (1982) Init Repts DSDP , vol.64 , pp. 1143-1157
    • Kastner, M.1
  • 96
    • 0021069287 scopus 로고
    • Sulfur isotope systematics at the 21°N site, East Pacific Rise
    • Kerridge J, Haymon RM, Kastner M (1983) Sulfur isotope systematics at the 21°N site, East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet Sci Lett 66:91-100
    • (1983) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.66 , pp. 91-100
    • Kerridge, J.1    Haymon, R.M.2    Kastner, M.3
  • 97
  • 98
    • 0024078981 scopus 로고
    • The composition of massive sulfide deposits from the sediment-covered floor of Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge: Implications for depositional processes
    • Koski RA, Shanks WC III, Bohrson WA, Oscarson RL (1988) The composition of massive sulfide deposits from the sediment-covered floor of Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge: Implications for depositional processes. Can Mineral 26:655-673
    • (1988) Can Mineral , vol.26 , pp. 655-673
    • Koski, R.A.1    Shanks III, W.C.2    Bohrson, W.A.3    Oscarson, R.L.4
  • 99
    • 11644258896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultramafic-mafic plutonic rock suites exposed on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (10°N-30°N): Symmetrical-assymetrical distribution and implications for seafloor spreading processes
    • RW Buck, PT Delaney, JA Karson, Y Lagabrielle (eds) Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-ocean ridges American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC
    • Lagabrielle Y, Bideau D, Cannat M, Karson JA, Mevel C (1998) Ultramafic-mafic plutonic rock suites exposed on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (10°N-30°N): Symmetrical-assymetrical distribution and implications for seafloor spreading processes. In RW Buck, PT Delaney, JA Karson, Y Lagabrielle (eds) Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-ocean ridges. Geophys Monogr 106:153-176. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC
    • (1998) Geophys Monogr , vol.106 , pp. 153-176
    • Lagabrielle, Y.1    Bideau, D.2    Cannat, M.3    Karson, J.A.4    Mevel, C.5
  • 101
    • 0001676810 scopus 로고
    • Gulf of California: A result of ocean-floor spreading and transform faulting
    • Larson RL, Menard HW, Smith SM (1968) Gulf of California: a result of ocean-floor spreading and transform faulting. Science 161:781
    • (1968) Science , vol.161 , pp. 781
    • Larson, R.L.1    Menard, H.W.2    Smith, S.M.3
  • 102
    • 0000222324 scopus 로고
    • Pb isotope ratios in sulfides from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites
    • LeHuray AP, Church SE, Koski RA, Bouse RM (1988) Pb isotope ratios in sulfides from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites. Geology 16:362-365
    • (1988) Geology , vol.16 , pp. 362-365
    • Lehuray, A.P.1    Church, S.E.2    Koski, R.A.3    Bouse, R.M.4
  • 104
    • 0000795314 scopus 로고
    • The basic physics of water penetration into hot rock
    • PA Rona, K Boström, L Laubier, KL Smith Jr (eds) Plenum Press, New York
    • Lister CRB (1983) The basic physics of water penetration into hot rock In PA Rona, K Boström, L Laubier, KL Smith Jr (eds) Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers. Plenum Press, New York, p 141-168
    • (1983) Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers , pp. 141-168
    • Lister, C.R.B.1
  • 105
    • 0022204889 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal plumes, hot springs, and conductive heat flow in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin
    • Lonsdale P, Becker K (1985) Hydrothermal plumes, hot springs, and conductive heat flow in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin. Earth Planet Sci Lett 73:211-225
    • (1985) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.73 , pp. 211-225
    • Lonsdale, P.1    Becker, K.2
  • 107
    • 0000943737 scopus 로고
    • Plate tectonics of the Red Sea and east Africa
    • McKenzie DP, Davies D, Molnar P (1970) Plate tectonics of the Red Sea and east Africa. Nature 226: 243-248
    • (1970) Nature , vol.226 , pp. 243-248
    • McKenzie, D.P.1    Davies, D.2    Molnar, P.3
  • 110
    • 0028600470 scopus 로고
    • Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California
    • Morton JL, Zierenberg RA, Reiss CA (1994) Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California. U S Geol Surv Bull 2022, 359 p
    • (1994) U S Geol Surv Bull , vol.2022
    • Morton, J.L.1    Zierenberg, R.A.2    Reiss, C.A.3
  • 111
    • 0001641281 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen isotope geochemistry of submarine greenstones
    • Muehlenbachs K, Clayton RN (1972) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of submarine greenstones. Can J Earth Sci 9:471-478
    • (1972) Can J Earth Sci , vol.9 , pp. 471-478
    • Muehlenbachs, K.1    Clayton, R.N.2
  • 112
    • 2942610854 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen isotope ratios of submarine diorites and their constituent minerals
    • Muehlenbachs K, Clayton RN (1971) Oxygen isotope ratios of submarine diorites and their constituent minerals. Can J Earth Sci 8:1591-1595
    • (1971) Can J Earth Sci , vol.8 , pp. 1591-1595
    • Muehlenbachs, K.1    Clayton, R.N.2
  • 113
    • 0016986197 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen isotope composition of the oceanic crust and its bearing on seawater
    • Muehlenbachs K, Clayton RN (1976) Oxygen isotope composition of the oceanic crust and its bearing on seawater. J Geophys Res 81:4365-4369
    • (1976) J Geophys Res , vol.81 , pp. 4365-4369
    • Muehlenbachs, K.1    Clayton, R.N.2
  • 114
    • 0001668582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur and carbon isotopes
    • HL Barnes (ed) John Wiley and Sons, New York
    • Ohmoto H, Goldhaber M (1997) Sulfur and carbon isotopes. In HL Barnes (ed) Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 517-612
    • (1997) Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits , pp. 517-612
    • Ohmoto, H.1    Goldhaber, M.2
  • 115
    • 0030441491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bromide/chloride fractionation in seafloor hydrothermal fluids from 9-10°N East Pacific Rise
    • Ousting SE, Von Damm KL (1996) Bromide/chloride fractionation in seafloor hydrothermal fluids from 9-10°N East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet Sci Lett 144:133-145
    • (1996) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.144 , pp. 133-145
    • Ousting, S.E.1    Von Damm, K.L.2
  • 116
    • 0030292289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydration and uplift of the oceanic crust on the Mid-Atlanlic Ridge associated with hydrothermal activity; evidence from boron isotopes
    • Palmer MR (1996) Hydration and uplift of the oceanic crust on the Mid-Atlanlic Ridge associated with hydrothermal activity; evidence from boron isotopes. Geophys Res Lett 23:3479-3482
    • (1996) Geophys Res Lett , vol.23 , pp. 3479-3482
    • Palmer, M.R.1
  • 117
    • 0024936833 scopus 로고
    • Cesium and rubidium of submarine hydrothermal fluids: Evidence for recycling of alkali elements
    • Palmer MR, Edmond JM (1989) Cesium and rubidium of submarine hydrothermal fluids: evidence for recycling of alkali elements. Earth Planet Sci Lett 95:8-14
    • (1989) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.95 , pp. 8-14
    • Palmer, M.R.1    Edmond, J.M.2
  • 118
    • 84995286272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magmatism at mid-ocean ridges: Constraints from volcanological and geochemical investigations
    • WR Buck, PT Delaney, JA Karson, Y Lagabrielle (eds) Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges
    • Perfit MR, Chadwick WW Jr (1998) Magmatism at mid-ocean ridges: Constraints from volcanological and geochemical investigations. In WR Buck, PT Delaney, JA Karson, Y Lagabrielle (eds) Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges. Am Geophys Union Monogr 106:59-116
    • (1998) Am Geophys Union Monogr , vol.106 , pp. 59-116
    • Perfit, M.R.1    Chadwick Jr., W.W.2
  • 119
    • 0026458524 scopus 로고
    • Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope variations in submarine hydrothermal deposits of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
    • Peter JM, Shanks WC III (1992) Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope variations in submarine hydrothermal deposits of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:2025-2040
    • (1992) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.56 , pp. 2025-2040
    • Peter, J.M.1    Shanks III, W.C.2
  • 120
    • 0031818326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid inclusion studies as a guide to the temperature regime within the TAG hydrothermal mound, 26°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
    • Petersen S, Herzig PM, Hannington MD (1998) Fluid inclusion studies as a guide to the temperature regime within the TAG hydrothermal mound, 26°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Proc ODP, Sci Results 158:163-178
    • (1998) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.158 , pp. 163-178
    • Petersen, S.1    Herzig, P.M.2    Hannington, M.D.3
  • 121
    • 0032809076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fe sulfide formation due to seawater-gas-sediment interaction in a shallow-water hydrothermal system at Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea
    • Pichler T, Giggenbach WF, McInnes BIA, Buhl D, Duck B (1999) Fe sulfide formation due to seawater-gas-sediment interaction in a shallow-water hydrothermal system at Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea. Econ Geol 94:281-288
    • (1999) Econ Geol , vol.94 , pp. 281-288
    • Pichler, T.1    Giggenbach, W.F.2    McInnes, B.I.A.3    Buhl, D.4    Duck, B.5
  • 122
    • 0002961977 scopus 로고
    • Mineralogy, geochemistry, and ore genesis of hydrothermal sediments from the Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea
    • Pottorf RJ, Barnes HL (1983) Mineralogy, geochemistry, and ore genesis of hydrothermal sediments from the Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea. Econ Geol Monogr 5:198-223
    • (1983) Econ Geol Monogr , vol.5 , pp. 198-223
    • Pottorf, R.J.1    Barnes, H.L.2
  • 123
    • 0024078586 scopus 로고
    • Geyser-type discharge in Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea: Evidence of boiling from fluid inclusions in epigenetic anhydrite
    • Ramboz C, Oudin E, Thisse Y (1988) Geyser-type discharge in Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea: evidence of boiling from fluid inclusions in epigenetic anhydrite. Can Mineral 26:765-786
    • (1988) Can Mineral , vol.26 , pp. 765-786
    • Ramboz, C.1    Oudin, E.2    Thisse, Y.3
  • 124
    • 0002470474 scopus 로고
    • A review of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and chlorine stable isotope fractionation among gaseous molecules
    • Richet P, Bottinga Y, Javoy M (1977) A review of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and chlorine stable isotope fractionation among gaseous molecules. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 5:65-110,
    • (1977) Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci , vol.5 , pp. 65-110
    • Richet, P.1    Bottinga, Y.2    Javoy, M.3
  • 126
    • 0001145089 scopus 로고
    • A special issue on sea-floor hydrothemal mineralization: New perspectives
    • Rona PA, Scott SD (1993) A special issue on sea-floor hydrothemal mineralization: new perspectives. Econ Geol 88:1935-1976
    • (1993) Econ Geol , vol.88 , pp. 1935-1976
    • Rona, P.A.1    Scott, S.D.2
  • 127
  • 128
    • 77956818969 scopus 로고
    • Neutral-buoyancy controlled magma transport and storage in mid-ocean ridge magma reservoirs and their sheeted-dike complex; a summary of basic relationships
    • Ryan MP (1994) Neutral-buoyancy controlled magma transport and storage in mid-ocean ridge magma reservoirs and their sheeted-dike complex; a summary of basic relationships. Magmatic Systems 57:97-138
    • (1994) Magmatic Systems , vol.57 , pp. 97-138
    • Ryan, M.P.1
  • 129
    • 0037886032 scopus 로고
    • 18 content of water in primary fluid inclusions from Providencia, North-Central Mexico
    • 18 content of water in primary fluid inclusions from Providencia, North-Central Mexico. Econ Geol 63:232-238
    • (1968) Econ Geol , vol.63 , pp. 232-238
    • Rye, R.O.1    O'Neil, J.R.2
  • 130
    • 0000429117 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of magmatic fluids in the epithermal environment - The stable isotope perspective
    • Rye RO (1993) The evolution of magmatic fluids in the epithermal environment - the stable isotope perspective. Econ Geol 88:733-753
    • (1993) Econ Geol , vol.88 , pp. 733-753
    • Rye, R.O.1
  • 131
    • 0024943260 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary observations of submarine geothermal activity in the vicinity of White Island Volcano, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
    • Sarano F, Murphy RC, Houghton BF, Hedenquist JW (1989) Preliminary observations of submarine geothermal activity in the vicinity of White Island Volcano, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J Royal Soc New Zealand 19:449-459
    • (1989) J Royal Soc New Zealand , vol.19 , pp. 449-459
    • Sarano, F.1    Murphy, R.C.2    Houghton, B.F.3    Hedenquist, J.W.4
  • 132
    • 0019999499 scopus 로고
    • The composition and emplacement of basaltic magmas produced during the development of continental-margin basins: The Gulf of California, Mexico
    • Saunders AD, Fomari DJ, Morrison MA (1982) The composition and emplacement of basaltic magmas produced during the development of continental-margin basins: the Gulf of California, Mexico. J Geol Soc London 139:335-346
    • (1982) J Geol Soc London , vol.139 , pp. 335-346
    • Saunders, A.D.1    Fomari, D.J.2    Morrison, M.A.3
  • 133
    • 0018117128 scopus 로고
    • New isotopic evidence for the origin of Red Sea brines
    • Schoell M, Faber E (1978) New isotopic evidence for the origin of Red Sea brines. Nature 275:436-438
    • (1978) Nature , vol.275 , pp. 436-438
    • Schoell, M.1    Faber, E.2
  • 134
    • 33749853139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals
    • CN Alpers, JL Jambor, DK Nordstrom (eds) Sulfate Minerals: Crystallography, Geochemistry and Environmental Significance
    • Seal RR II, Alpers CN, Rye RO (2000) Stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals. In CN Alpers, JL Jambor, DK Nordstrom (eds) Sulfate Minerals: Crystallography, Geochemistry and Environmental Significance. Rev Mineral 40:541-602
    • (2000) Rev Mineral , vol.40 , pp. 541-602
    • Seal II, R.R.1    Alpers, C.N.2    Rye, R.O.3
  • 136
    • 0028555632 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the chemical and stable isotope composition of carbon and sulfur species during organic-rich sediment alteration: An experimental and theoretical study of hydrothermal activity in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
    • Seewald JS, Seyfried WE Jr, Shanks WC III (1994) Variations in the chemical and stable isotope composition of carbon and sulfur species during organic-rich sediment alteration: An experimental and theoretical study of hydrothermal activity in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:5065-5082
    • (1994) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.58 , pp. 5065-5082
    • Seewald, J.S.1    Seyfried Jr., W.E.2    Shanks III, W.C.3
  • 137
    • 0023501371 scopus 로고
    • Experimental and theoretical constraints on hydrothermal alteration processes at mid-ocean ridges
    • Seyfried WE Jr (1987) Experimental and theoretical constraints on hydrothermal alteration processes at mid-ocean ridges. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 15:317-335
    • (1987) Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci , vol.15 , pp. 317-335
    • Seyfried Jr., W.E.1
  • 138
    • 0032029087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace element mobility and lithium exchange during hydrothermal alteration of seafloor weathered basalt; an experimental study at 350°C, 500 bars
    • Seyfried WE Jr, Chen X, Chan L-H (1998) Trace element mobility and lithium exchange during hydrothermal alteration of seafloor weathered basalt; an experimental study at 350°C, 500 bars. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:949-960
    • (1998) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.62 , pp. 949-960
    • Seyfried Jr., W.E.1    Chen, X.2    Chan, L.-H.3
  • 139
    • 0026269169 scopus 로고
    • Phase equilibria constraints on the chemistry of hot spring fluids at mid-ocean ridges
    • Seyfried WE Jr, Ding K, Berndt ME (1991) Phase equilibria constraints on the chemistry of hot spring fluids at mid-ocean ridges. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:3559-3580
    • (1991) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.55 , pp. 3559-3580
    • Seyfried Jr., W.E.1    Ding, K.2    Berndt, M.E.3
  • 140
    • 85017226055 scopus 로고
    • Phase equilibria in subseafloor hydrothermal systems; a review of the role of redox, temperature, pH and dissolved Cl on the chemistry of hot spring fluids at mid-ocean ridges
    • SE Humphris, RA Zierenberg, LS Mullineaux, RE Thomson (eds) Am Geophys Union, Washington, DC
    • Seyfried WE Jr, Ding K (1995) Phase equilibria in subseafloor hydrothermal systems; a review of the role of redox, temperature, pH and dissolved Cl on the chemistry of hot spring fluids at mid-ocean ridges. In SE Humphris, RA Zierenberg, LS Mullineaux, RE Thomson (eds) Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions. Am Geophys Union, Washington, DC, p 248-272
    • (1995) Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions , pp. 248-272
    • Seyfried Jr., W.E.1    Ding, K.2
  • 141
    • 0002168460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and theoretical controls on the composition of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluids
    • CT Barrie, MD Hannington (eds) Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits; processes and examples in modern and ancient settings
    • Seyfried WE Jr, Ding K, Berndt ME, Chen X (1999) Experimental and theoretical controls on the composition of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluids. In CT Barrie, MD Hannington (eds) Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits; processes and examples in modern and ancient settings. Rev Econ Geol 8:181-200
    • (1999) Rev Econ Geol , vol.8 , pp. 181-200
    • Seyfried Jr., W.E.1    Ding, K.2    Berndt, M.E.3    Chen, X.4
  • 142
    • 0021351909 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of the oceanic crust; implications for geochemical cycles of lithium and boron
    • Seyfried WE Jr, Janecky DR, Mottl MJ (1984) Alteration of the oceanic crust; implications for geochemical cycles of lithium and boron. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:557-569
    • (1984) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.48 , pp. 557-569
    • Seyfried Jr., W.E.1    Janecky, D.R.2    Mottl, M.J.3
  • 143
    • 0041899585 scopus 로고
    • Ore transport and deposition in the Red Sea geothermal system: A geochemical model
    • Shanks WC III, Bischoff JL (1977) Ore transport and deposition in the Red Sea geothermal system: a geochemical model. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:1507-1519
    • (1977) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.41 , pp. 1507-1519
    • Shanks III, W.C.1    Bischoff, J.L.2
  • 144
    • 0019183618 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry, sulfur isotope composition, and accumulation rates of Red Sea geothermal deposits
    • Shanks WC III, Bischoff JL (1980) Geochemistry, sulfur isotope composition, and accumulation rates of Red Sea geothermal deposits. Econ Geol 74:445-459
    • (1980) Econ Geol , vol.74 , pp. 445-459
    • Shanks III, W.C.1    Bischoff, J.L.2
  • 145
    • 0019681141 scopus 로고
    • Seawater sulfate reduction and sulfur isotope fractionation in basaltic systems: Interaction of seawater with fayalite and magnetite at 200-350°C
    • Shanks WC III, Bischoff JL, Rosenbauer RJ (1981) Seawater sulfate reduction and sulfur isotope fractionation in basaltic systems: interaction of seawater with fayalite and magnetite at 200-350°C. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45:1977-1995
    • (1981) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.45 , pp. 1977-1995
    • Shanks III, W.C.1    Bischoff, J.L.2    Rosenbauer, R.J.3
  • 146
    • 0141646625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur isotope analyses using the laser microprobe
    • MA McKibben, WC Shanks, III, WI Ridley (eds) Applications of Microanalytical Techniques to Understanding Mineralizing Processes
    • Shanks WC III, Crowe DE, Johnson C (1998) Sulfur isotope analyses using the laser microprobe In MA McKibben, WC Shanks, III, WI Ridley (eds) Applications of Microanalytical Techniques to Understanding Mineralizing Processes. Soc Econ Geol 7:141-153
    • (1998) Soc Econ Geol , vol.7 , pp. 141-153
    • Shanks III, W.C.1    Crowe, D.E.2    Johnson, C.3
  • 147
    • 0343545378 scopus 로고
    • Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interaction between fluids, minerals and organisms
    • SE Humphris, RA Zierenberg, LS Mullineaux, RE Thomson (eds) Am Geophys Union, Washington, DC
    • Shanks WC III, Bohlke JK, Seal RR (1995) Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interaction between fluids, minerals and organisms. In SE Humphris, RA Zierenberg, LS Mullineaux, RE Thomson (eds) Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions. Am Geophys Union, Washington, DC, p 194-221
    • (1995) Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions , pp. 194-221
    • Shanks III, W.C.1    Bohlke, J.K.2    Seal, R.R.3
  • 148
    • 84879879608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence for a hydrothermal layer above the solid roof of the axial magma chamber at the southern East Pacific Rise
    • Singh SC, Collier JS, Harding AJ, Kent GM, Orcutt JA (1999) Seismic evidence for a hydrothermal layer above the solid roof of the axial magma chamber at the southern East Pacific Rise. Geology 27: 219-222
    • (1999) Geology , vol.27 , pp. 219-222
    • Singh, S.C.1    Collier, J.S.2    Harding, A.J.3    Kent, G.M.4    Orcutt, J.A.5
  • 149
    • 0026021659 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal circulation, anhydrite precipitation, and thermal structure at ridge axes
    • Sleep NH (1991) Hydrothermal circulation, anhydrite precipitation, and thermal structure at ridge axes. J Geophys Res 96(B2):2375-2387
    • (1991) J Geophys Res , vol.96 , Issue.B2 , pp. 2375-2387
    • Sleep, N.H.1
  • 150
    • 0032511982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic and hydrothermal evidence for a cracking event on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9°50′N
    • Sohn RA, Fornari DJ, Von Damm KL, Hildebrand JA, Webb SC (1998) Seismic and hydrothermal evidence for a cracking event on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9°50′N. Nature 396:159-161
    • (1998) Nature , vol.396 , pp. 159-161
    • Sohn, R.A.1    Fornari, D.J.2    Von Damm, K.L.3    Hildebrand, J.A.4    Webb, S.C.5
  • 151
    • 0018913871 scopus 로고
    • East Pacific Rise:Hot springs and geophysical experiments
    • Spiess FN, et al (1980) East Pacific Rise:Hot springs and geophysical experiments. Science 207:1421-1432
    • (1980) Science , vol.207 , pp. 1421-1432
    • Spiess, F.N.1
  • 152
    • 0023508731 scopus 로고
    • Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust
    • Spivack AJ, Edmond JM (1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:1033-1043
    • (1987) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.51 , pp. 1033-1043
    • Spivack, A.J.1    Edmond, J.M.2
  • 153
    • 0019909634 scopus 로고
    • Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic rocks
    • Stakes DS, O'Neil JR (1982) Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 57:285-304
    • (1982) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.57 , pp. 285-304
    • Stakes, D.S.1    O'Neil, J.R.2
  • 155
    • 0019688336 scopus 로고
    • The mineralogy and isotopic composition of sulfur in hydrothermal sulfide/sulfate deposits of the East Pacific Rise, 21°N latitude
    • Styrt MM, Brackmann AJ, Holland HD, Clark BC (1981) The mineralogy and isotopic composition of sulfur in hydrothermal sulfide/sulfate deposits of the East Pacific Rise, 21°N latitude. Earth Planet Sci Lett 53:382-390
    • (1981) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.53 , pp. 382-390
    • Styrt, M.M.1    Brackmann, A.J.2    Holland, H.D.3    Clark, B.C.4
  • 156
    • 0022908406 scopus 로고
    • Magmatic volatiles: Isotopic variation of C, H, and S
    • Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes. Valley JW, Taylor HP Jr, O'Neil JR (eds)
    • Taylor BE (1986) Magmatic volatiles: isotopic variation of C, H, and S. In Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes. Valley JW, Taylor HP Jr, O'Neil JR (eds) Rev Mineral 16:185-225
    • (1986) Rev Mineral , vol.16 , pp. 185-225
    • Taylor, B.E.1
  • 157
    • 2142754587 scopus 로고
    • 2 from Kilauea: Carbon isotope evidence and implications for magmatic contributions to sediment-hosted submarine hydrothermal systems
    • 2 from Kilauea: Carbon isotope evidence and implications for magmatic contributions to sediment-hosted submarine hydrothermal systems. Rept Geol Surv Japan 279:205-206
    • (1992) Rept Geol Surv Japan , vol.279 , pp. 205-206
    • Taylor, B.E.1
  • 158
    • 0000867352 scopus 로고
    • The application of oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to problems of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition
    • Taylor HP Jr (1974) The application of oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to problems of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition. Econ Geol 69:843-883
    • (1974) Econ Geol , vol.69 , pp. 843-883
    • Taylor Jr., H.P.1
  • 159
    • 0031878698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting an active hydrothermal deposit; the strontium and oxygen isotopic anatomy of the TAG hydrothermal mound- Anhydrite
    • Teagle DAH, Alt JC, Chiba H, Halliday AN (1998a) Dissecting an active hydrothermal deposit; the strontium and oxygen isotopic anatomy of the TAG hydrothermal mound- anhydrite. Proc ODP, Sci Results 158:129-142
    • (1998) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.158 , pp. 129-142
    • Teagle, D.A.H.1    Alt, J.C.2    Chiba, H.3    Halliday, A.N.4
  • 160
    • 0031816413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting an active hydrothermal deposit; the strontium and oxygen isotopic anatomy of the TAG hydrothermal mound; whole rock and silicate minerals
    • Teagle DAH, Alt JC, Humphris SE, Halliday AN (1998b) Dissecting an active hydrothermal deposit; the strontium and oxygen isotopic anatomy of the TAG hydrothermal mound; whole rock and silicate minerals. Proc ODP, Sci Results 158:297-309
    • (1998) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.158 , pp. 297-309
    • Teagle, D.A.H.1    Alt, J.C.2    Humphris, S.E.3    Halliday, A.N.4
  • 162
    • 0025638293 scopus 로고
    • Mineral precipitation in the walls of black smoker chimneys: A quantitative model of transport and chemical reaction
    • Tivey MK, McDuff RE (1990) Mineral precipitation in the walls of black smoker chimneys: A quantitative model of transport and chemical reaction. J Geophys Res 95:12617-12637
    • (1990) J Geophys Res , vol.95 , pp. 12617-12637
    • Tivey, M.K.1    McDuff, R.E.2
  • 163
    • 0031867173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions in anhydrite as indicators of seawater entrainment and heating in the TAG active mound
    • Tivey MK, Mills RA, Teagle DAH (1998) Temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions in anhydrite as indicators of seawater entrainment and heating in the TAG active mound. Proc ODP, Sci Results 158:179-190
    • (1998) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.158 , pp. 179-190
    • Tivey, M.K.1    Mills, R.A.2    Teagle, D.A.H.3
  • 164
    • 0025665773 scopus 로고
    • Seafloor hydrothermal activity; black smoker chemistry and chimneys
    • Von Damm KL (1990) Seafloor hydrothermal activity; black smoker chemistry and chimneys. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 18:173-204
    • (1990) Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci , vol.18 , pp. 173-204
    • Von Damm, K.L.1
  • 165
    • 0023495167 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of hydrothermal solutions from the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge
    • Von Damm KL, Bischoff JL (1987) Chemistry of hydrothermal solutions from the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. J Geophys Res 92:11334-11346
    • (1987) J Geophys Res , vol.92 , pp. 11334-11346
    • Von Damm, K.L.1    Bischoff, J.L.2
  • 166
    • 0026271276 scopus 로고
    • Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater - An experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions
    • Von Damm KL, Bischoff JL, Rosenbauer RJ (1991) Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater - an experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions. Am J Sci 291:977-1007
    • (1991) Am J Sci , vol.291 , pp. 977-1007
    • Von Damm, K.L.1    Bischoff, J.L.2    Rosenbauer, R.J.3
  • 169
    • 0002026382 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary report on the chemistry of hydrothermal solutions at 21° North, East Pacific Rise
    • PA Rona, K Bostroem, L Laubier, KL Smith Jr (eds) Plenum Press, New York
    • Von Damm KL, Grant B, Edmond JM (1983) Preliminary report on the chemistry of hydrothermal solutions at 21° North, East Pacific Rise. In PA Rona, K Bostroem, L Laubier, KL Smith Jr (eds) Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers. Plenum Press, New York, p 369-389
    • (1983) Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers , pp. 369-389
    • Von Damm, K.L.1    Grant, B.2    Edmond, J.M.3
  • 171
    • 0001144211 scopus 로고
    • Methane, hydrogen and helium in hydrothermal fluids at 21°N on the East Pacific Rise
    • Rona, PA, Bostrom, K, Laubier, L, Smith, KL, Jr (eds) Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers. Plenum Press, New York
    • Welhan JA, Craig H (1983) Methane, hydrogen and helium in hydrothermal fluids at 21°N on the East Pacific Rise. In Rona, PA, Bostrom, K, Laubier, L, Smith, KL, Jr (eds) Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers. NATO conference series: IV, Marine Sciences. Plenum Press, New York, p 391-409
    • (1983) NATO Conference Series: IV, Marine Sciences , pp. 391-409
    • Welhan, J.A.1    Craig, H.2
  • 172
    • 57049123342 scopus 로고
    • Methane and hydrogen in East Pacific Rise hydrothermal fluids
    • Welhan, JA, Craig H (1979) Methane and hydrogen in East Pacific Rise hydrothermal fluids. Geophys Res Lett 6:829-831
    • (1979) Geophys Res Lett , vol.6 , pp. 829-831
    • Welhan, J.A.1    Craig, H.2
  • 173
    • 0023511963 scopus 로고
    • Light hydrocarbon gases in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal fluids: Thermogenic versus abiogenic origin
    • Welhan, JA, Lupton JE (1987) Light hydrocarbon gases in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal fluids: Thermogenic versus abiogenic origin. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 71:215-223
    • (1987) Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull , vol.71 , pp. 215-223
    • Welhan, J.A.1    Lupton, J.E.2
  • 174
    • 0345991347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 26.Data report: Geochemistry and mineral chemistry of ultramafic rocks from the Kane Area (MARK)
    • Karson JA, Cannat M, Elthon D, Eds
    • Werner C-D, Pilot J (1997) 26.Data report: Geochemistry and mineral chemistry of ultramafic rocks from the Kane Area (MARK). In Karson JA, Cannat M, Elthon D, Eds, Proc ODP, Sci Results 153:457-470
    • (1997) Proc ODP, Sci Results , vol.153 , pp. 457-470
    • Werner, C.-D.1    Pilot, J.2
  • 175
    • 0000931572 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal circulation and geochemical flux at mid-ocean ridges
    • Wolery TJ, Sleep NH (1976) Hydrothermal circulation and geochemical flux at mid-ocean ridges. J Geol 84:249-275
    • (1976) J Geol , vol.84 , pp. 249-275
    • Wolery, T.J.1    Sleep, N.H.2
  • 177
    • 0000928045 scopus 로고
    • Sulfur isotope study of chimney minerals and vent fluids from 21°N, East Pacific Rise:Hydrothermal sulfur sources and disequilibrium sulfate reduction
    • Woodruff LG, Shanks WC III (1988) Sulfur isotope study of chimney minerals and vent fluids from 21°N, East Pacific Rise:Hydrothermal sulfur sources and disequilibrium sulfate reduction. J Geophys Res 93:4562-4572
    • (1988) J Geophys Res , vol.93 , pp. 4562-4572
    • Woodruff, L.G.1    Shanks III, W.C.2
  • 179
    • 0020646617 scopus 로고
    • Mineralogy and geochemistry of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea
    • Zierenberg RA, Shanks WC III (1983) Mineralogy and geochemistry of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea. Econ Geol 78:57-72
    • (1983) Econ Geol , vol.78 , pp. 57-72
    • Zierenberg, R.A.1    Shanks III, W.C.2
  • 180
    • 0024078649 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic studies of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea
    • Zierenberg RA, Shanks WC III (1988) Isotopic studies of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea. Can Mineral 26:737-753
    • (1988) Can Mineral , vol.26 , pp. 737-753
    • Zierenberg, R.A.1    Shanks III, W.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.