"I Just Feel Safe With Him": Emotional Closeness in Male Youth Mentoring Relationships

Psychology of Men and Masculinity

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 185-198

  Spencer, Renee ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

adolescent boys; masculinity; mentor relationships; qualitative research

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548821870     PISSN: 15249220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1524-9220.8.3.185     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Barrera M., and Prelow H. Interventions to promote social support in children and adolescents. In: Cicchetti D., Rappport J., Sandler I., and Weissberg R.P. (Eds). The promotion of wellness in children and adolescents (2000), CWLA, Inc, Washington, DC 309-339
2. Belle D. Gender differences in social moderators of stress. In: Barnett R., Banner L., and Barich G. (Eds). Gender and stress (1987), Free Press, New York 257-277
3. Belle D. Gender differences in children's social networks and supports. In: Belle D. (Ed). Children's social networks and social supports (1989), Wiley, New York 173-188
4. Bogat G.A., and Liang B. Gender in mentoring relationships. In: Dubois D.L., and Karcher M.J. (Eds). Handbook of youth mentoring (2005), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 205-217
5. Caldwell M.A., and Peplau L.A. Sex differences in same-sex friendships. Sex Roles 8 (1982) 721-731
6. Chu J.Y. A relational perspective on adolescent boys' identity development. In: Way N., and Chu J.Y. (Eds). Adolescent boys: Exploring diverse cultures of boyhood (2004), New York University Press, New York 78-104
7. Chu J.Y., Porche M.V., and Tolman D.L. The adolescent masculinity ideology in relationships scale: Development and validation of a new measure for boys. Men and Masculinities 8 (2005) 93-115
8. Colarossi L.G., and Eccles J.S. Differential effects of support providers on adolescents' mental health. Social Work Research 27 (2003) 19-30
9. Connell R.W. Masculinities (1995), Polity, Cambridge, UK
10. Cournoyer R.J., and Mahalik J.R. Cross-sectional study of gender role conflcit examing college-aged and middle-aged men. Journal of Counseling Psychology 42 (1995) 11-19
11. Darling N., Bogat G.A., Cavell T.A., Murphy S.E., and Sánchez B. Gender, ethnicity, development, and risk: Mentoring and the consideration of individual differences. Journal of Community Psychology 34 (2006) 765-779
12. Dindia K., and Allen M. Sex differences in self-disclosure: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 112 (1992) 106-124
13. DuBois D.L., Holloway B.E., Valentine J.C., and Cooper H. Effectiveness of mentoring programs for youth: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology 30 (2002) 157-197
14. DuBois D.L., Neville H.A., Parra G.R., and Pugh-Lilly A.O. Testing a new model of mentoring. In: Rhodes J.E. (Ed). A critical view of youth mentoring 93 (2002), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 21-57
15. Fehr B. Intimacy expectations in same-sex friendships: A prototypes interaction-pattern model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 (2004) 265-284
16. Fischer A.R., and Good G.E. Men and psychotherapy: An investigation of alexithymia, intimacy, and masculine gender roles. Psychotherapy 34 (1997) 160-170
17. Frey C.U., and Rothlisberger C. Social support in healthy adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 25 (1996) 17-31
18. Galambos N., Almeida D., and Petersen A. Masculinity, femininity, and sex role attitudes in early adolescence: Exploring gender intensification. Child Development 61 (1990) 1905-1914
19. Good G.E., O'Neil J.M., Stevens M., Robertson J.M., Fitzgerald L.F., DeBord K.A., et al. Male gender role conflict: Psychometric issues and relations to psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology 42 (1995) 3-10
20. Grossman J.B., and Tierney J.P. Does mentoring work? An impact study of the Big Brothers/Big Sisters program. Evaluation Review 22 (1998) 403-426
21. Hearn J., and Collinson D. Theorizing unities and differences between men and between masculinities. In: Brod H., and Kaufman M. (Eds). Theorizing masculinities 97-118 (1994), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
22. Herrera C., Sipe C.L., and McClanahan W.S. Mentoring school-age children: Relationship development in community-based and school-based programs (2000), P/PV, Philadelphia
23. Holland S.H. Project 2000: An educational mentoring and academic support model for inner-city African American boys. Journal of Negro Education 65 (1996) 315-321
24. Johnson J.M. In-depth interviewing. In: Gubrium J.F., and Holstein J.A. (Eds). Handbook of interview research: Context and method (2002), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 103-119
25. Katz J. Reconstructing masculinity in the locker room: The Mentors in Violence Prevention project. Harvard Educational Review 65 (1995) 163-174
26. Kuttler A.F., Greca L.A., Greca A.M., and Printstein M.J. Friendship qualities and social-emotional functioning of adolescents with close, cross-sex friendships. Journal of Research on Adolescence 9 (1999) 339-366
27. Larson R., and Pleck J. Hidden feelings: Emotionality in boys and men. In: Bernstein D. (Ed). Gender and motivation 45 (1999), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE 25-74
28. Levant R.F. The new psychology of men. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 27 (1996) 259-265
29. Levant R.F. The crises of boyhood. In: Brooks G.R., and Good G.E. (Eds). The new handbook of psychotherapy and counseling with men: A comprehensive guide to settings, problems, and treatment approaches (2001), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 355-368
30. Lieblich A., Tuval-Mashiach R., and Zilber T. Narrative research: Reading, analysis, and interpretation (1998), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
31. McNelles L.R., and Connolly J.A. Intimacy between adolescent friends: Age and gender differences in intimate affect and intimate behaviors. Journal of Research on Adolescence 9 (1999) 143-159
32. MENTOR/National Mentoring Partnership. Elements of effective practice [Brochure]. 2nd ed. (2003), Author, Alexandria, VA
33. Miles M.B., and Huberman A.M. Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. 2nd ed. (1994), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
34. O'Neil J., Good G., and Holmes S. Fifteen years of theory and research on men's gender role conflict: New paradigms for empirical research. In: Levant R.F., and Pollack W.S. (Eds). A new psychology of men (1995), Basic Books, New York 164-206
35. O'Neil J.M. Patterns of gender role conflict and strain: Sexism and fear of feminity in men's lives. Personnel and Guidance Journal 60 (1981) 203-210
36. Payne V.H., Cathcart E.J., and Pecora P.J. The Seattle Mentorship Project: Evaluating the effectiveness of social tutors. Community Alternatives: International Journal of Family Care 7 (1995) 1-21
37. Pleck J.H. The gender role strain paradigm: An update. In: Levant R.F., and Pollack W.S. (Eds). A new psychology of men (1995), Basic Books, New York 11-32
38. Pleck J.H., Sonenstein F.L., and Ku L.C. Masculinity ideology and its correlates. In: Oskamp S., and Costanzo M. (Eds). Gender issues in contemporary society (1993), Sage, Newbury Park, CA 85-110
39. Pugliesi K., and Shook S.L. Gender, ethnicity, and network characteristics: Variation in social support resources. Sex Roles 38 3/4 (1998) 215-238
40. Rhodes J.E. Stand by me: The risks and rewards of mentoring today's youth (2002), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
41. Rhodes J.E., Spencer R., Keller T.E., Liang B., and Noam G. A model for the influence of mentoring relationships on youth development. Journal of Community Psychology 34 (2006) 691-707
42. Scales P.C., and Leffert N. Developmental assets: A synthesis of the scientific research on adolescent development (1999), Search Institute, Minneapolis
43. Seidman I.E. Interviewing as qualitative research (1991), Teachers College Press, New York
44. Spencer R. Understanding the mentoring process between adolescents and adults. Youth and Society 37 (2006) 287-315
45. Sullivan A.M. From Mentor to muse: Recasting the role of women in relationship with urban adolescent girls. In: Leadbeater B., and Way N. (Eds). Urban girls: Resisting stereotypes, creating identities (1996), New York University Press, New York
46. Swain. Covert intimacy: Closeness in men's friendships. In: Risman B.J., and Schwartz P. (Eds). Gender in intimate relationships (1989), Wadsworth, Belmont, CA 71-86
47. Utsey S.O., Howard A., and Williams O. Therapeutic group mentoring with African American male adolescents. Journal of Mental Health Counseling 25 (2003) 126-139
48. Walker K. "I'm not friends the ways she's friends": Ideological and behavioral constructions of masculinity in men's friendships. Masculinities 2 (1994) 38-55
49. Way N. Everyday courage: The lives and stories of urban teenagers (1998), New York University Press, New York
50. Way N. Intimacy, desire, and distrust in the friendships of adolescent boys. In: Way N., and Chu J.Y. (Eds). Adolescent boys: Exploring diverse cultures of boyhood (2004), New York University Press, New York 167-196
51. Way N., and Chu J.Y. Adolescent boys: Exploring diverse cultures of boyhood (2004), New York University Press, New York 78-104