Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in fires of arsenic-free treated wood: Role of organic preservatives

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 41, Issue 18, 2007, Pages 6425-6432

  Tame, Nigel W ^a   Dlugogorski, Bogdan Z ^a   Kennedy, Eric M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC; CALORIMETERS; MEASUREMENT THEORY; PYROLYSIS; TOXICITY;

GAS PHASE OXIDATION; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; WOOD ASH; WOOD PRESERVATIVES;

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING;

ARSENIC; FUNGICIDE; ORGANOCHLORINE DERIVATIVE; PERMETHRIN; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXIN; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURAN; PRESERVATIVE; WOOD PROTECTING AGENT;

ARSENIC; CALORIMETERS; ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING; MEASUREMENT THEORY; PYROLYSIS; TOXICITY;

ORGANOCHLORINE; OXIDATION; PCDD; PCDF; THERMAL DECOMPOSITION;

ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CALORIMETER; CHEMICAL REACTION; DECOMPOSITION; FIRE; OXIDATION; PYROLYSIS; REACTOR; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; WOOD ASH;

ARSENIC; BENZOFURANS; INCINERATION; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN; WOOD;

EID: 34548768699     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es0703980     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Tame, N. W.; Dlugogorski, B. Z.; Kennedy, E. M. Increased PCDD/F formation in the bottom ash from fires of CCA-treated wood. Chemosphere 2003, 50, 1261-1263.
2. Tame, N. W.; Dlugogorski, B. Z.; Kennedy, E. M. PCDD/F formation in flaming combustion, smoldering, and oxidative pyrolysis of "eco- friendly" treated wood. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2005, 30, 1237-1243.
3. Lemieux, P. M.; Lutes, C. C.; Santoianni, D. A. Emissions of organic air toxics from open burning: A comprehensive review. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2004, 30, 1-32.
4. Tame, N. W.; Dlugogorski, B. Z.; Kennedy, E. M. Formation of dioxins and furans during combustion of treated wood. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2007, 33, 384-408.
5. Vikelsøe, J.; Johansen, E. Estimation of dioxin emission from fires in chemicals. Chemosphere 2000, 40, 165-175.
6. Klusmeier, W.; Ohrbach, K. H.; Kuehn, P.; Kettrup, A. Investigations into the thermal decomposition of selected pesticides. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1989, 16, 205-211.
7. Klusmeier, W.; Ohrbach, K. H.; Kuehn, P.; Kettrup, A. Investigations into the thermal decomposition of the pesticides metoxuron and chloridazon. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1989, 16, 213-219.
8. Onodera, S.; Saitoh, K. Formation of chlorodibenzofurans upon thermochemical reactions of diphenyl ether herbicide (CNP). Jpn. J. Toxicol. 1997, 43, 293-299.
9. Horn, W.; Marutzky, R. A rapid pyrolytical method for the determination of wood preservatives in treated wood. Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 1994, 348, 832-835.
10. Meier, D.; Ollesch, T.; Faix, O. In Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 5th Conference, Tyrol, Austria, Sept 17-22, 2000; Vol. 2, pp 1405-1416.
11. Audino, P. G.; Licastro, S. A.; Zerba, E. Thermal decomposition and isomerization of cis-permethrin and β-cypermethrin in the solid phase. Pest Manage. Sci. 2001, 58, 183-189.
12. Stanmore, B. R. The formation of dioxins in combustion systems. Combust. Flame 2004, 136, 398-427.
13. Lavric, E. D.; Konnov, A. A.; Ruyck, J. D. Dioxin levels in wood combustion - a review. Biomass Bioenergy 2004, 26, 115-145.
14. Specification for preservative treatments - sawn and round timber. Australian Standard, AS 1604.1-2005, 2005.
15. Rappe, C.; Marklund, S. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by burning or heating chlorophenates. Chemosphere 1978, 7, 269-281.
16. Qian, Y.; Zheng, M.; Liu, W.; Ma, X.; Zhang, B. Influence of metal oxides on PCDD/fs formation from pentachlorophenol. Chemosphere 2005, 60, 951-958.
17. Zheng, M.; Bao, Z.; Xu, X.; Wang, K. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from the pyrolysis of hexachlorocyclohexane in the presence of iron(III) oxide. Chemosphere 1996, 32, 595.
18. Ryu, J.-Y.; Mulholland, J. A.; Chu, B. Chlorination of dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin vapor by copper(II) chloride. Chemosphere 2003, 51, 1031-1039.
19. Sommeling, P. M.; Mulder, P.; Louw, R. Formation of PCDFs during chlorination and oxidation of chlorobenzene in chlorine/ oxygen mixtures around 340°C. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds, Sept 20-24, 1993; Chemosphere 1994, 29, 2015.
20. Born, J. G. P.; Louw, R.; Mulder, P. Formation of dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in homogenous gas-phase reactions of phenols. Chemosphere 1989, 19, 401-406.
21. 3. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 5217-5223.
22. Lago, R. M.; Green, M. L. H.; Tsang, S. C.; Odlyha, M. Catalytic decomposition of chlorinated organics in air by copper chloride based catalysts. Appl. Catal., B 1996, 8, 107-121.
23. 3 catalyst. Appl. Catal., 1998, 16, 219-226.
24. Altarawneh, M.; Ziolkowski, A.; Kennedy, E. M.; Dlugogorski, B. Z.; Mackie, J. C. Theoretical and experimental study of pyrolysis of organochlorine pesticide permethrin: Precursor of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans. Chemosphere, submitted for publication.
25. Wiater, I.; Louw, R. Reactions of diphenyl ether with chlorine and bromine atoms around 750 K - relevance for gas-phase "dioxin" formation. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 261-265.
26. Wilhelm, J.; Stieglitz, L.; Dinjus, E.; Will, R. Mechanistic studies on the role of PAHs and related compounds in PCDD/F formation on model fly ashes. Chemosphere 2001, 42, 797-802.
27. Ross, B. J.; Naikwadi, K. P.; Karasek, F. W. Effect of temperature, carrier gas, and precursor structure on PCDD and PCDF formed from precursors by catalytic activity of MSW incinerator fly ash. Chemosphere 1989, 19, 291-298.
28. Lindahl, R.; Rappe, C.; Buser, H. R. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) from the pyrolysis of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers. Chemosphere 1980, 9, 351-361.
29. Altarawneh, M.; A.; Dlugogorski, B. Z.; Kennedy, E. M.; Mackie, J. C. Quantum chemical investigation of formation of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from oxidation and pyrolysis of 2-chlorophenol. J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 2563-2573.
30. Altarawneh M., A.; Dlugogorski, B. Z.; Kennedy, E. M.; Mackie, J. C. Theoretical study of reaction pathways of dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin under reducing conditions. J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 7133-7140.
31. Lomnicki, S.; Dellinger, B. Formation of PCDD/F from the pyrolysis of 2-chlorophenol on the surface of dispersed copper oxide particles. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2002, 29, 2463-2468.
32. Lomnicki, S.; Dellinger, B. J. A detailed mechanism of the surface-mediated formation of PCDD/F from the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol on CuO/silica surface. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 4387-4395.
33. Khachatryan, L.; Burcat, A.; Dellinger, B. An elementary reaction-kinetic model for the gas-phase formation of 1,3,6,8- and 1,3,7,9-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins from 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Combust. Flame 2003, 132, 406-421.
34. Yamamoto, T.; Inoue, S.; Sawachi, M. Post furnace formation and progressive chlorination of PCDD and PCDF in municipal waste incinerator. Chemosphere 1989, 19, 271-276.
35. Sidhu, S. S.; Maqsud, L.; Dellinger, B.; Mascolo, G. The homogeneous, gas-phase formation of chlorinated and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxin from 2,4,6-trichloro- and 2,4,6-tribromophenols. Combust. Flame 1995, 100, 11-20.
36. Ryu, J.-Y.; Mulholland, J. A.; Kim, D.; Takeuchi, M. Characteristic homologue and isomer patterns of polychlorinated dibenzofurans from phenol precursors. Organohalogen Compd. 2004, 66, 1050-1055.
37. Ryu, J.-Y.; Mulholland, J. A. Metal-mediated chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (CDD) and dibenzofuran (CDF) formation from phenols. Chemosphere 2005, 58, 977-988.
38. Zoller, W.; Ballschmiter, K. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans by heating chlorophenols and chlorophenates at various temperatures. Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 1986, 323, 19-23.