Metal-mediated chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (CDD) and dibenzofuran (CDF) formation from phenols

Chemosphere

Volumn 58, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 977-988

  Ryu, Jae Yong ^a   Mulholland, James A ^a  

^a Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

Chlorinated dibenzo p dioxin (CDD); Chlorinated dibenzofuran (CDF); Chlorinated phenols; Copper(II) chloride

Indexed keywords

3, 4-DICHLOROPHENOL; 3-CHLOROPHENOL; PROPENSITY;

BENZENE; CHLORINE; COPPER COMPOUNDS; ISOMERS; OXYGEN; PHENOLS; THERMAL EFFECTS;

FURAN RESINS;

3,4 DICHLOROPHENOL; CHLORINE; COPPER CHLORIDE; DIBENZOFURAN; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; PHENOL; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXIN;

PHENOLIC COMPOUND;

ARTICLE; CHLORINATION; ISOMER; REACTOR; TEMPERATURE;

BENZOFURANS; CHLORINE; COPPER; DIOXINS; INCINERATION; PHENOLS; TEMPERATURE; VOLATILIZATION;

EID: 11844249333     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.084     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. S. Basu, and I.W. Wei Mechanism and kinetics of oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by Fenton's reagent Environ. Eng. Sci. 17 2000 279
2. J.G.P. Born, R. Louw, and P. Mulder Formation of dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in homogeneous gas-phase reactions of phenols Chemosphere 19 1989 401
3. J.G.P. Born, P. Mulder, and R. Louw Fly ash mediated reactions of phenol and monochlorophenols: oxychlorination, deep oxidation, and condensation Environ. Sci. Technol. 27 1993 1849
4. H. Hagenmaier, M. Kraft, M. Brunner, and R. Haag Catalytic effect of fly ash from waste incinerator facilities on the formation and decomposition of PCDD/Fs Environ. Sci. Technol. 21 1987 1080
5. M.D. Hale, F.D. Hileman, T. Mazer, T.L. Shell, R.W. Noble, and J.J. Brooks Mathematical modeling of temperature programmed capillary gas chromatography retention indexes for PCDFs Anal. Chem. 57 1985 640
6. K. Hell, L. Stieglitz, G. Zwick, and R. Will Mechanistic aspects of the de-novo-synthesis of PCDD/PCDF on model fly ash Organohalogen Compds. 31 1997 492
7. S.K. Johnson, L.L. Houk, J. Feng, R.S. Houk, and D.C. Johnson Electrochemical incineration of 4-chlorophenol and the identification of products and intermediates by mass spectrometry Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 1999 2638
8. S. Lomnicki, and B. Dellinger A detailed mechanism of the surface-mediated formation of PCDD/F from the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol on a CuO/silica surface J. Phys. Chem. A 107 2003 4387
9. R. Luijk, C. Dorland, P. Smit, J. Jansen, and H.A.J. Govers The role of bromine in the de novo synthesis in a model fly ash system Chemosphere 28 1994 1299
10. 2-catalyzed condensation of 2,6 chlorinated phenols Combust. Sci. Technol. 169 2001 107
11. J.A. Mulholland, A. Umesh, Y. Yang, and J.-Y. Ryu Temperature dependence of DCDD/F isomer distributions from chlorophenol precursors Chemosphere 42 2001 719
12. D.-T. Nakahata, and J.A. Mulholland Effect of dichlorophenol substitution pattern on furan and dioxin formation Proc. Combust. Inst. 28 2000 2701
13. Nakahata, D.-T., 2001. Determination of Relative Formation Rates of Dibenzofurans via Gas-phase Condensation of Phenols. Ph.D. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atalnta, USA
14. J.J. Ryan, H.B.S. Conacher, L.G. Panopio, B.P.-Y. Lau, and J.A. Hardy Gas chromatographic separations of all 136 tetra- to octa-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on nine different stationary phases J. Chromatogr. 541 1991 131
15. 2 from chlorinated phenols with one ortho chlorine Proc. Combust. Inst. 29 2002 2455
16. L. Stieglitz, G. Zwick, J. Beck, H. Bautz, and W. Roth Carbonaceous particles in fly ash - a source for the de-novo-synthesis of organochlorocompounds Chemosphere 19 1989 283
17. K. Tuppurainen, I. Halonen, P. Rukojarvi, J. Tarhanen, and J. Ruuskanen Formation of PCDDs and PCDFs in municipal waste incineration and its inhibition mechanisms: a review Chemosphere 36 1998 1493
18. R. Weber, and H. Hagenmaier PCDD/PCDF formation in fluidized bed incineration Chemosphere 38 1999 2643
19. T. Yamamoto, S. Inoue, and M. Sawachi Post furnace formation and progressive chlorination of PCDD and PCDF in municipal waste incinerator Chemosphere 19 1989 271
20. Y. Yang, J.A. Mulholland, and U. Akki Formation of furans by gas-phase reactions of chlorophenols Proc. Combust. Inst. 27 1998 1761