Comparison of avalanche-velocity measurements by means of pulsed Doppler radar, continuous wave radar and optical methods

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Volumn 50, Issue 1-3, 2007, Pages 35-54

  Rammer, L ^a   Kern, M A ^b   Gruber, U ^b   Tiefenbacher, F ^c  

^a FEDERAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTRE FOR FORESTS   (Austria)

^b WSL INSTITUTE FOR SNOW AND AVALANCHE RESEARCH SLF   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Avalanche dynamics; Avalanche velocities; Radar measurement

Indexed keywords

DOPPLER RADAR; OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES; RADAR MEASUREMENT; SENSORS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; VELOCITY; VELOCITY MEASUREMENT;

AVALANCHE DYNAMICS; AVALANCHE STRUCTURE; AVALANCHE VELOCITIES;

AVALANCHES (SNOWSLIDES);

AVALANCHE; DOPPLER RADAR; FLOW VELOCITY; OPTICAL METHOD; SALTATION;

EID: 34548691656     PISSN: 0165232X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.03.014     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Dent J., Burrel K., Schmidt D., Louge M., Adams E., and Jazbutis T. Density, velocity and friction measurements in a dry snow avalanche. Ann. Glaciol. 26 (1997)
2. Gauer P., Kern M., Kristensen K., Lied K., Rammer L., and Schreiber H. On pulsed doppler radar measurements of avalanches and their implication to avalanche dynamics. Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. 50 (2007) 55-71 10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.03.009 (this issue)
3. Gray J., Tai Y.C., and Noelle S. Shock wave, dead zones and particle-free regions in rapid granular free-surface flows. J. Fluid Mech. 491 (2003) 161-181
4. Gubler H. Measurements and modelling of snow avalanche speeds. Proceedings of Avalanche Formation, Movements and Effects, IAHS publication Vol. 162 (1986) 405-420 Davos
5. May. Hákonardóttir K., Johannesson T., Tiefenbacher F., and Kern M. A laboratory study of the retarding effect of braking mounds in 3, 6 and 9 m long chutes. Tech. Rep. 01007, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavik (2001)
6. Ishimaru A. Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media (1978), Academic Press Inc.
7. Issler D. European avalanche test sites. Overview and analysis in view of coordinated experiments. Mitteilungen 59, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (1999)
8. Issler D. Experimental information on snow avalanches. In: Hutter K., and Kirchner N. (Eds). Dynamic Response of Granular and Porous Materials under Large and Catastrophic Deformations (2003), Springer 109-160
9. Kern, M., Baillifard, M., Norem, H., Platzer, K., submitted for publication. Estimation of NIS model parameters from chute flows of snow. Int. rep., WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), to be submitted in Cold Reg. Sci. Tech.
10. Lied K., Moe A., Kristensen K., and Issler D. Full Scale Avalanche Test Site and the Effect of the Catching Dam. NGI Report 581200-35 (2002), Norwegian Geotechnical Institute
11. McElwaine J., and Tiefenbacher F. Calculating internal average velocities from correlation with error analysis. Surv. Geophys. 24 (2005) 499-524
12. McElwaine J., and Turnbull B. Air pressure data from the Vallee de la Sionne avalanches of 2004. J. Geophys. Res. 110 (2005) 10.1029/2004JF000237
13. Nishimura K., Maeno N., Sandersen F., Kristensen K., Norem H., and Lied. Observations of the dynamic structure of snow avalanches. Ann. Glaciol. 18 (1993) 313-316
14. Oguchi T. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation and Scattering in Rain or other Hydrometers. Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 71, No. 9 (1983) September 1983
15. Rammer L. The measurements on powder snow avalanches at the tube bridge in BSCHLABS, Avalanche on Feb 21st, 2000. Proceedings International Seminar on Snow and Avalanche Test Sites, Grenoble, France, 22-23 November 2001 (2004) Cemagref editions, Grenoble
16. Rammer L., Kristensen K., Lied K., Schreiber H., and Randeu W. Radar measurement of snow avalanche full scale experiment in Ryggfonn. Proceedings Symposium on "25 Years of Snow Avalanche Research", Voss, Norway, 12-16 May 1998 (1998), Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo
17. Randeu W., Riedler W., and Okorn R. A pulsed Doppler radar for the acquisition of avalanche dynamics. Symposium on "Avalanches and planning of mountain territory (CIV '90)", October 9-10, Arabba (BL) (1990) Italy
18. Skolnik M.I. Introduction to Radar Systems (1980), McGraw-Hill, Singapur
19. Sovilla B., and Bartelt P. Observation and modelling of snow avalanche entrainment. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2 (2002) 169-179
20. Sovilla B., Gruber U., Tiefenbacher F., Hiller M., Felber A., Turnbull B., Baillifard M., McElwaine J., Platzer K., Kern M., Dufour F., and Bartelt P. Avalanche Dynamics Experimental Site "Vallee de la Sionne", Arbaz, Valais. Final report winter 2003/2004. SLF internal report vol. 753 (2005), WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF)
21. Sovilla, B., Schaer, M., Kern, M., Bartelt, P., submitted for publication. Impact pressures and flow regimes in dense snow avalanches observed at the Vallee de la Sionne test site, submitted to J. Geophys. Res.
22. Tiefenbacher F., and Kern M. Experimental devices to determine snow avalanche basal friction and velocity profiles. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 1730
23. Wicki G. Photogrammetrie bewegter Objekte mit digitalen AmateurKameras. Geomatika Schweiz 9 (2005) 520-522