Global pattern formation and ethnic/cultural violence

Science

Volumn 317, Issue 5844, 2007, Pages 1540-1544

  Lim, May ^a,b   Metzler, Richard ^a,c   Bar Yam, Yaneer ^a  

^a NEW ENGLAND COMPLEX SYSTEMS INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL CONFLICT; CULTURE; ETHNIC CONFLICT; PEACE PROCESS; VIOLENCE;

ARTICLE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION MODEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACISM; SOCIOECONOMICS; VIOLENCE;

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA; CONFLICT (PSYCHOLOGY); CROATIA; CULTURE; DEMOGRAPHY; ETHNIC GROUPS; HUMANS; INDIA; MODELS, STATISTICAL; MONTE CARLO METHOD; POPULATION DYNAMICS; VIOLENCE; YUGOSLAVIA;

ASIA; EURASIA; INDIA; SOUTH ASIA; YUGOSLAVIA (PRE-1992);

EID: 34548683877     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1142734     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. M. White, Deaths by Mass Unpleasantness: Estimated Total for the Entire 20th Century, http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat8.htm (September 2005).
2. D. L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Univ. of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, ed. 2, 2000).
3. B. Harff, T. R. Gurr, Ethnic Conflict in World Politics (Westview, Boulder, ed. 2, 2004).
4. S. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1996).
5. D. Chirot, M. E. P. Seligman, Eds., Ethnopolitical Warfare: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Solutions (American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, 2001).
6. M. Reynal-Querol, J. Conflict Resolut. 46, 29 (2002).
7. T. R. Gulden, Politics Life Sciences 21, 26 (2002).
8. H. Buhaug, S. Gates, J. Peace Res. 39, 417 (2002).
9. A. Varshney, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 2003).
10. M. D. Toft, The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 2003).
11. J. Fox, Religion, Civilization, and Civil War: 1945 through the New Millennium (Lexington Books, Lanham, MD, 2004).
12. M. Mann, The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2004).
13. I. Lustick, Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 98, 209 (2004).
14. Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
15. T. C. Schelling, J. Math. Sociol. 1, 143 (1971).
16. J. Mimkes, J. Therm. Anal. 43, 521 (1995).
17. H. P. Young, Individual Strategy and Social Structure (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1998).
18. R. Van Kempen, A. S. Ozuekren, Urban Stud. 35, 1631 (1998).
19. Y. Bar-Yam, in Dynamics of Complex Systems (Perseus Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997), chap. 7.
20. A. J. Bray, Adv. Phys. 43, 357 (1994).
21. I. M. Lifshitz, V. V. Slyozov, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 19, 35 (1961).
22. D. A. Huse, Phys. Rev. B 34, 7845 (1986).
23. W. Easterly, R. Levine, Q. J. Econ. 112, 1203 (1997).
24. P. Collier, A. Hoeffler, Oxf. Econ. Pap. 50, 563 (1998).
25. R. H. Bates, Am. Econ. Rev. 90, 131 (2000).
26. J. D. Fearon, D. D. Laitin, Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. 97, 75 (2003).
27. D. N. Posner, Am. J. Pol. Sci. 48, 849 (2004).
28. I. Daubechies, Ten Lectures on Wavelets, (SIAM, Philadelphia, 1992).
29. A. Arneodo, E. Bacry, P. V. Graves, J. F. Muzy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3293 (1995).
30. P. Ch. Ivanov et al., Nature 383, 323 (1996).
31. Map of Yugoslavia, Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries., www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/yugoslav.jpg.
32. R. Petrovic, Yugosl. Surv. 33, 3 (1992).
33. K. Chaudhuri, Frontline 18 (no. 2), www.hinduonnet.com/ fline/fl1802/18020330.htm.
34. Final Report, Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, www.wilsoncenter.org/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/rept97/finfr.htm.
35. A. Brief Background, Housing and Development Board, Singapore Government, www.hdb.gov.sg/fi10/fi10296p.nsf/WPDis/ About%20UsA%20Brief%20Background%20-%20HDB's%20Beginnings.
36. Ethnic Integration Policy, Housing and Development Board, Singapore Government, www.hdb.gov.sg/fi10/fi10201p.nsf/WPDis/ Buying%20A%20Resale%20FlatEthnic%20Group%20Eligibility.
37. D. Murphy, Christian Science Monitor, 5 February 2002, www.csmonitor.com/2002/0205/p07s01-woap.html.
38. J. Tullberg, B. S. Tullberg, Politics Life Sciences 16, 237 (1997).
39. C. Kaufmann, Int. Secur. 23, 120 (1998).
40. We thank G. Wolfe, M. Woolsey, and L. Burlingame for editing the manuscript; B. Wang for assistance with figures; M. Nguyen and Z. Bar-Yam for assistance with identifying data; and I. Epstein, S. Pimm, F. Schwartz, E. Downs, and S. Frey for helpful comments. We acknowledge internal support by the New England Complex Systems Institute and the U.S. government for support of preliminary results.