An eight-week golf-specific exercise program improves physical characteristics, swing mechanics, and golf performance in recreational golfers

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 860-869

  Lephart, Scott M ^a   Smoliga, James M ^a   Myers, Joseph B ^a   Sell, Timothy C ^a   Tsai, Yung Shen ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Conditioning; Driving; Training; X factor

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; HUMAN; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE STRENGTH; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PHYSICAL EDUCATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PLIABILITY; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPORT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

BIOMECHANICS; GOLF; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; MUSCULOSKELETAL EQUILIBRIUM; PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING; PLIABILITY; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 34548637458     PISSN: 10648011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1519/R-20606.1     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. BULBULIAN, R., K.A. BALL, AND D.R. SEAMAN. The short golf backswing: Effects on performance and spinal health implications. J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther. 24:569-575. 2001.
2. BURDEN, A.M., P.N. GRIMSHAW, AND E.S. WALLACE, Hip and shoulder rotations during the golf swing of sub-10 handicap players. J. Sports Sci. 16:165-176. 1998.
3. DOAN, B.K., R.U. NEWTON, Y. KWON, AND W.J. KRAEMER. Effects of physical conditioning on intercollegiate golfer performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 20:62-72. 2006.
4. DROUIN, J.M., T.C. VALOVICH-MCLEOD, S.J. SHULTZ, B.M. GANSNEDER, AND D.H. PERRIN. Reliability and validity of the Biodex System 3 pro isokinetic dynamometer velocity, torque, and position measurements. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 91:22-29. 2004.
5. FARRALLY, M.R., A.J. COCHRAN, D.J. CREWS, M.J. HURDZAN, R.J. PRICE, J.T. SNOW, AND P.R. THOMAS. Golf science research at the beginning of the twenty-first century. J. Sports Sci. 21:753-765. 2003.
6. FLETCHER, I.M., AND M. HARTWELL. Effect of an 8-week combined weights and plyometrics training program on golf drive performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18:59-62. 2004.
7. FRADKIN, A.J., C.A. SHERMAN, AND CF. FINCH. How well does club head speed correlate with golf handicaps? J. Sci. Med. Sport 7:465-472. 2004.
8. FRADKIN, A.J., C.A. SHERMAN, AND CF. FINCH. Improving golf performance with a warm-up conditioning programme. Br. J. Sports Med. 38: 762-765. 2004.
9. GOLDIE, P.A., T.M. BACH, AND O.M. EVANS. Force platform measures for evaluating postural control: Reliability and validity. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 70:510-517. 1989.
10. GOLDIE, P.A., O.M. EVANS, AND T.M. BACH. Steadiness in one-legged stance: Development of a reliable force-platform testing procedure. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 73:348-354. 1992.
11. GOSHEGER, G., D. LIEM, K. LUDWIG, O. GRESHAKE, AND W. WLNKELMANN. Injuries and overuse syndromes in golf. Am. J. Sports Med 31:438-443.2003.
12. GRIMSHAW, P., A. GILES, R. TONG, AND K. GRIMMER. Lower back and elbow injuries in golf. Sports. Med 32:655-666. 2002.
13. HETU, F.E., C.A. CHRISTIE, AND A.D. FAIGENBAUM, Effects of conditioning on physical fitness and club head speed in mature golfers. Percept. Mot. Skills 86:811-815. 1998.
14. JACKSON, K.M. Fitting of mathematical functions to biomechanical data. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 26:122-124. 1979.
15. JONES, D. The effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation flexibility training on the clubhead speed of recreational golfers. Science and Golf III, Proceedings From the 1998 World Scientific Congress of Golf. M.R. Farrally and A.J. Cochran, eds. St. Andrews, Scotland: Human Kinetics, 1998. pp. 46-49.
16. LENNON, H.M. Physiological profiling and physical conditioning for elite golfers. Science and Golf III, Proceedings From the 1998 World Scientific Congress of Golf. M.R. Farrally and A. J. Cochran, eds. St. Andrews, Scotland: Human Kinetics, 1998. pp. 58-64.
17. LINDSAY, D., AND J. HORTON. Comparison of spine motion in elite golfers with and without low back pain. J. Sports Sci. 20:599-605. 2002.
18. LINDSAY, D.M., J.F. HORTON, AND A.A. VANDERVOORT. A review of injury characteristics, aging factors and prevention programmes for the older golfer. Sports Med. 30:89-103. 2000.
19. MAGNUSSON, G. Golf: Exercise for fitness and health. Science and Golf III, Proceedings From the 1998 World Scientific Congress of Golf. M.R. Farrally and A.J. Cochran, eds. St. Andrews, Scotland: Human Kinetics, 1998. pp. 51-57.
20. MCCRORY, J.L., Y.-S. TSAI, AND S.M. LEPHART. Gender differences in golfers. Biomechanics. 20-30. June 2003.
21. MITCHELL, K., S. BANKS, D. MORGAN, AND H. SUGAYA. Shoulder motions during the golf swing in male amateur golfers. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 33:196-203. 2003.
22. NORKIN, C.C., AND D.J. WHITE. Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company, 1995.
23. PARKKARI, J., A. NATRI, P. KANNUS, A. MANTTARI, R. LAUKKANEN, H. HAAPASALO, A. NENONEN, M. PASANEN, P. OJA, AND I. VUORI. A controlled trial of the health benefits of regular walking on a golf course, Am. J. Med. 109:102-108. 2000.
24. PERRIN, D.H. Isokinetic Exercise and Assessment. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics,1993.
25. THERIAULT, G., AND P. LACHANCE. Golf injuries. An overview. Sports Med. 26:43-57. 1998.
26. THOMPSON, C.J., AND W.H. OSNESS. Effects of an 8-week multimodal exercise program on strength, flexibility, and golf performance in 55- to 79-year-old men. J. Aging Phys. Act. 12:144-156. 2004.
27. TSAI, Y.-S., T.C. SELL, J.B. MYERS, J.L. MCCRORY, K.G. LAUDNER, M.R. PASQUALE, AND S.M. LEPHART. The relationship between hip muscle strength and golf performance. Presented at: 2004 American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting, June 2-5, 2004, Indianapolis, IN.
28. TSAI, Y.-S., T.C. SELL, J.M. SMOLIGA, J.B. MYERS, J.L. MCCRORY, R.E. ERHARD, AND S.M. LEPHART. Swing mechanics, spinal loads, and physical characteristics of trunk and hip in golfers with and without low back pain. Presented at: 2005 American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, July 14-17, 2005, Keystone, CO.
29. TSAI, Y.-S., J.M. SMOLIGA, T.C. SELL, J.B. MYERS, AND S.M. LEPHART, Validation of an 8-week golf-specific exercise program to improve golfer physical characteristics and performance, Presented at: 2005 American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting, May 30-June 4, 2005, Nashville, TN.
30. TSANG, W.W., AND C.W. HUI-CHAN. Effects of exercise on joint sense and balance in elderly men: Tai Chi versus golf. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36: 658-667, 2004.
31. VAUGHAN, C.L., B.L. DAVIS, AND J.C O'CONNOR. Dynamics of Human Gait. Western Cape, South Africa: Kiboho Publishers, 1991.
32. WATANABE, K., M. KUROKI, M. HOKARI, AND S. NISHIZAWA. Golf swing and skill. Science and GoIfIII, Proceedings From the 1998 World Scientific Congress of Golf. M.R. Farrally and A.J. Cochran, eds. St. Andrews, Scotland: Human Kinetics, 1998. pp. 29-39.