FDTD analysis of two-photon absorption and free-carrier absorption in Si high-index-contrast waveguides

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 25, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 2495-2501

  Suzuki, Nobuo ^a  

^a TOSHIBA CORPORATION   (Japan)

Author keywords

Finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods; Nonlinear optics; Optical pulses; Optical waveguides; Silicon

Indexed keywords

FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD; LIGHT ABSORPTION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; PHOTONIC DEVICES; PHOTONS; SEMICONDUCTING SILICON; ULTRASHORT PULSES;

FREE-CARRIER ABSORPTION; TWO-PHOTON ABSORPTION;

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES;

EID: 34548616078     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2007.903298     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. M. Lipson, "Guiding, modulating, and emitting light on silicon - Challenges and opportunities," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 4222-4238, Dec. 2005.
2. B. Jalali, M. Paniccia, and G. Reed, "Silicon photonics," IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 58-68, Jun. 2006.
3. P. Dumon, G. Priem, L. R. Nunes, W. Bogaerts, D. Van Thourhout, P. Bienstman, T. K. Liang, M. Tsuchiya, P. Jaenen, S. Beckx, J. Wouters, and R. Baets, "Linear and nonlinear nanophotortic devices based on silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 45, no. 8B, pp. 6589-6602, Aug. 2006.
4. K. Wada, D. H. Ahn, D. R. Lim, J. Michel, and L. C. Kimerling, "Si microphotonics for optical interconnection," Thin Solid Films, vol. 508, no. 1/2, pp. 418-421, Jan. 2006.
5. T. Tsuchizawa, K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Watanabe, S. Uchiyama, and S. Itabashi, "Low-loss Si wire waveguides and their application to thermooptic switches," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 45, no. 813, pp. 6658-6662, Aug. 2006.
6. T. Ishi, J. Fujikata, K. Makita, T. Baba, and K. Ohashi, "Si nanophotodiode with a surface plasmon antenna," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. vol. 44, no. 12, pp. L364-L366, Mar. 2005.
7. G. W. Rieger, K. S. Virk, and J. F. Young, "Nonlinear propagation of ultralast 1.5 μm pulses in high-index-contrast silicon-on-insulator waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 900-902, Feb. 2004.
8. A. R. Cowan, G. W. Rieger, and J. F. Young, "Nonlinear transmission of 1.5 μm pulses through single-mode silicon-on-insulator waveguide structures," Opt. Express, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1611-1621, Apr. 2004.
9. H. Yamada, M. Shirane, T. Chu, H. Yokoyama, S. Ishida, and Y. Arakawa, "Nonlinear-optic silicon-nanowire waveguides," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. vol. 44, no. 9A, pp. 6541-6545, Sep. 2005.
10. E. Dulkeith, Y. A. Vlasov, X. G. Chen, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Self-phase-modulation in submicron silicon-on-insulator photonic wires," Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 5524-5534, Jun. 2006.
11. I.-W. Hsieh, X. G. Chen, J. I. Dadap, N. C. Panoiu, R. M. Osgood, Jr., S. J. McNab, and Y. A. Vlasov, "Ultrafast-pulse self-phase modulation and third-order dispersion in Si photonic wire-waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 25, pp. 12 380-12 387, Dec. 2006.
12. O. Boyraz, P. Koonath, V. Raghunathan, and B. Jalali, "All optical switching and continuum generation in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 12, no. 17, pp. 4094-4102, Aug. 2004.
13. R. L. Espinola, J. I. Dadap, R. M. Osgood, Jr., S. J. McNab, and Y. A. Vlasov, "C-band wavelength conversion in silicon photonic wire waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 4341-4349, May 2005.
14. H. Fukuda, K. Yamada, T. Shoji, M. Takahashi, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, J. Takahashi, and S. Itabashi, "Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 4629-4637, Jun. 2005.
15. T. K. Liang, L. R. Nunes, T. Sakamoto, K. Sasagawa, T. Kawanishi, M. Tsuchiya, G. R. A. Priem, D. Van Thourhout, P. Dumon, R. Baets, and H. K. Tsang, "Ultrafast all-optical switching by cross-absorption modulation in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 19, pp. 7298-7303, Sep. 2005.
16. R. Dekker, A. Driessen, T. Wahlbrink, C. Moormann, J. Niehusmann, and M. Först, "Ultrafast Kerr-induced all-optical wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using 1.55 μm femtosecond pulses," Opt. Express vol. 14, no. 18, pp. 8336-8346, Sep. 2006.
17. Y-H. Kuo, H. Rong, V. Sih, S. Xu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "Demonstration of wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s data rate in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 24, pp. 11 721-11 726, Nov. 2006.
18. K. K. Tsia, S. Fathpour, and B. Jalali, "Energy harvesting in silicon wavelength converters," Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 25, pp. 12 327-12 333, Dec. 2006.
19. O. Boyraz, T. Indukuri, and B. Jalali, "Self-phase-modulation induced spectral broadening in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 829-834, Mar. 2004.
20. X. Chen, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Theory of Raman-mediated pulsed amplification in silicon-wire waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 160-170, Feb. 2006.
21. X. Chen, N. C. Panoiu, I. Hsieh, J. I. Dadap, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Third-order dispersion and ultrafast-pulse propagation in silicon wire waveguides," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 18, no. 24, pp. 2617-2619, Dec. 15, 2006.
22. I. Hsieh, X. Chen, J. I. Dadap, N. C. Panoiu, R. M. Osgood, Jr., S. J. McNab, and Y. A. Vlasov, "Cross-phase modulation-induced spectral and temporal effects on co-propagating fermosecond pulses in silicon photortic wires," Opt. Express, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1135-1146, Jan. 2007.
23. P. M. Goorjian, A. Taflove, R. M. Joseph, and S. C. Hagness, "Computational modeling of fermosecond optical solitons from Maxwell's equations," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 2416-2422, Oct. 1992.
24. R. W. Ziolkowski and J. B. Judkins, "Full-wave vector Maxwell equation modeling of the self-focusing of ultrashort optical pulses in a nonlinear Kerr medium exhibiting a finite response time," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, Opt. Phys., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 186-198, Feb. 1993.
25. R. M. Joseph, P. M. Goorjian, and A. Taflove, "Direct time integration of Maxwell's equations in two-dimensional dielectric waveguides for propagation and scattering of fermosecond electromagnetic solitons," Opt. Lett., vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 491-493, Apr. 1993.
26. R. M. Joseph and A. Taflove, "Spatial soliton deflection mechanism indicated by FD-TD Maxwell's equations modeling," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 1251-1253, Oct. 1994.
27. R. M. Joseph and A. Taflove, "FDTD Maxwell's equations models for nonlinear electrodynamics and optics," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 364-374, Mar. 1997.
28. R. W. Ziolkowski, "The incorporation of microscopic material models into the FDTD approach for ultrafast optical pulse simulations," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 375-391, Mar. 1997.
29. A. S. Nagra and R. A. York, "FDTD analysis of wave propagation in nonlinear absorbing and gain media," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 334-340, Mar. 1998.
30. N. Suzuki, N. Iizuka, and K. Kaneko, "FDTD simulation of femtosecond optical gating in nonlinear optical waveguide utilizing intersubband transition in AlGaN/GaN quantum wells," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E83-C, no. 6, pp. 981-988, Jun. 2000.
31. N. Suzuki, "Simulation of ultrafast cross-gain modulation in optically-pumped GaN/A1N intersubband optical amplifiers," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 42, no. 9A, pp. 5607-5612, Sep. 2003.
32. N. Suzuki, N. Iizuka, and K. Kaneko, "Simulation of ultrafast GaN/AIN intersubband optical switches," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E88-C, no. 3, pp. 342-348, Mar. 2005.
33. M. Bahl, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Modeling ultrashort field dynamics in surface emitting lasers by using finite-difference time-domain method," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 1244-1252, Oct. 2005.
34. Y. Huang and S. T. Ho, "Computational model of solid-state, molecular, or atomic media for FDTD simulation based on a multi-level multi-electron system governed by Pauli exclusion and Fermi-Dirac thermalization with application to semiconductor photonics," Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 3569-3587, Apr. 2006.
35. R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, "Electrooptical effects in silicon," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-23, no. 1, pp. 123-129, Jan. 1987.
36. S. D. Gedney, "An anisotropic perfectly matched layer-absorbing medium for the truncation of FDTD lattices," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 1630-1639, Dec. 1996.
37. H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 μm wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 416-418, Jan. 2002.
38. M. Dinu, F. Quochi, and H. Garcia, "Third-order nonlinearities in silicon at telecom wavelengths," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 82, no. 18, pp. 2954-2956, May 2003.