The politics of masculinity and the ex-gay movement

Gender and Society

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 650-675

  Robinson, Christine M ^a   Spivey, Sue E ^a  

^a JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Gender; Masculinity; Religion; Sexuality; Social movements

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548459833     PISSN: 08912432     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0891243207306384     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Barker, Eileen. 1989. New religious movements. London: HMSO.
2. Beckstead, Lee A. 2001. Cures versus choices: Agendas in sexual reorientation therapy. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy 5 (3 / 4). 87-115.
3. Besen, Wayne R. 2003. Anything but straight: Unmasking the scandals and lies behind the ex-gay myth. New York: Harrington Park Press.
4. Burack, Cynthia, and Jyl J. Josephson. 2005. A report from "love won out." New York: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
5. Buss, Doris, and Didi Herman. 2003. Globalizing family values: The Christian Right in international politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
6. Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
7. Cianciotto, Jason, and Sean Cahill. 2006. Youth in the crosshairs: The third wave of ex-gay activism. Washington, DC: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
8. Connell, R.W. 1987. Gender and power: Society, the person, and sexual politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
9. _. 1992. A very straight gay: Masculinity, homosexual experience, and the dynamics of gender. American Sociological Review 57 (6). 735-51.
10. _. 1998. Masculinities and globalization. Men and Masculinities 1 (1). 3-23.
11. _. 2005. Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society 19: 829-59.
12. Cooley, Charles Horton. 1998. On self and social organization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Diamond, Sara. 1998. Not by politics alone: The enduring influence of the Christian Right. New York: Guilford.
14. Drescher, Jack. 1998. I'm your handyman: A history of reparative therapies. Journal of Homosexuality 36 (1). 19-42.
15. _. 2001. Ethical concerns raised when patients seek to change same-sex attractions. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy 5 (3 / 4). 181-210.
16. Drescher, Jack, and Kenneth J. Zucker, eds. 2006. Ex-gay research: Analyzing the Spitzer study and its relation to science, religion, politics, and culture. New York: Harrington Park.
17. Ehrenreich, Barbara. 1984. The hearts of men: American dreams and the flight from commitment. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday.
18. Ellingson, Stephen, Nelson Tebbe, Martha Van Haitsma, and Edward O. Laumann. 2001. Religion and the politics of sexuality. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 30 (1). 3-55.
19. Erzen, Tanya. 2002. Out of Exodus: The ex-gay movement and the transformation of the Christian Right. PhD diss., New York University.
20. _. 2006. Straight to Jesus: Sexual and Christian conversions in the ex-gay movement. Berkeley: University of California Press.
21. Fairclough, Norman. 1992. Discourse and social change. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
22. Ferguson, Ann, Jacquelyn N. Zita, and Kathryn Pyne Addelson. 1981. On "compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence": Defining the issues. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture in Society 7 (1). 158-72.
23. Ferree, Myra M., and David A. Merrill. 2000. Hot movements, cold cognition: Thinking about social movements in gendered frames. Contemporary Sociology 29 (3). 454-62.
24. Fetner, Tina. 2005. Ex-gay rhetoric and the politics of sexuality: The Christian anti-gay/pro-family movement's "truth in love" ad campaign. Journal of Homosexuality 50 (1). 71-95.
25. Fish Can't Fly. 2005. DVD, produced and directed by Tom Murray. Sarasota, FL: TJoe Murray Videos.
26. Ford, Jeffrey G. 2002. Healing homosexuals: A psychologist's journey through the ex-gay movement and the pseudo-science of reparative therapy. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy 5 (3 / 4). 69-86.
27. Fulton, Aubyn S., Richard L. Gorsuch, and Elizabeth A. Maynard. 1999. Religious orientation, antihomosexual sentiment, and fundamentalism among Christians. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 38 (1). 14-22.
28. Fuss, Diana. 1989. Essentially speaking: Feminism, nature, and difference. New York: Routledge.
29. Garber, Marjorie. 1999. Two point conversion. In One nation under God? Religion and American culture, edited by Marjorie Garber and Rebecca L. Walkowitz. New York: Routledge.
30. Green, John C. 2000. Anti-gay: Varieties of opposition to gay rights. In The politics of gay rights, edited by Craig A. Rimmerman, Kenneth D. Wald, and Clyde Wilcox. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31. Haldeman, Douglas C. 2002. Gay rights, patient rights: The implications of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 33 (3). 260-64.
32. Harding, Sandra. 1986. The science question in feminism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
33. Herek, Gregory M., ed. 1998. Stigma and sexual orientation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
34. Herman, Didi. 1997. The anti-gay agenda: Orthodox vision and the Christian Right. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
35. _. 2000. The gay agenda is the Devil's agenda: The Christian Right's vision and role of the state. In The politics of gay rights, edited by Craig Rimmerman, Kenneth D. Wald, and Clyde Wilcox. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
36. Irvine, Janice. 2005. Disorders of desire: Sexuality and gender in modern American sexuality. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
37. Khan, Surina. 1998. Calculated compassion: How the ex-gay movement serves the Right's attack on democracy. Somerville, MA: Political Research Associates, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, and Equal Partners in Faith.
38. Kimmel, Michael S. 1994. Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. In Theorizing masculinities, edited by Harry Brod. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39. Louderback, Laura A., and Bernard E. Whitley Jr. 1997. Perceived erotic value of homo-sexuality and sex-role attitudes as mediators of sex differences in heterosexual college students' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Journal of Sex Research 34: 175-82.
40. Messner, Michael A. 1997. The politics of masculinities: Men in movements. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
41. _. 2001. Movements of men and the politics of masculinity. In Men and masculinity: A text reader, edited by T. Cohen. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
42. Mottl, Tahi L. 1980. The analysis of countermovements. Social Problems 7 (5). 620-34.
43. Plugge-Foust, Carol, and George Strickland. 2000. Homophobia, irrationality, and Christian ideology. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 25: 240-44.
44. Political Research Associates, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, and Equal Partners in Faith. 1998. Challenging the ex-gay movement. Somerville, MA: PRA.
45. Ponticelli, Christi M. 1999. Crafting stories of sexual identity reconstruction. Social Psychology Quarterly 62 (2). 157-72.
46. Reimer, Sam, and Jerry Z. Park. 2001. Tolerant (in)civility? A longitudinal analysis of white conservative Protestants' willingness to grant civil liberties. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 40 (4). 735-45.
47. Rich, Adrienne. 1980. Compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 5 (4). 631-60.
48. Risman, Barbara J. 2004. Gender as a social structure: Theory wrestling with activism. Gender & Society 18: 429-50.
49. Robinson, Christine M. 2007. Exporting inequality? The globalization of the ex-gay movement. In Social issues in a global context, edited by S. Poulson. Boston: Pearson.
50. Schwalbe, Michael, Sandra Godwin, Daphne Holden, Douglas Schrock, Shealy Thompson, and Michelle Wolkomir. 2000. Generic processes in the reproduction of inequality: An interactionist analysis. Social Forces 79 (2). 419-52.
51. Shidlo, Ariel, Michael Schroeder, and Jack Drescher, eds. 2001. Sexual conversion therapy: Ethical, clinical, and research perspectives. New York: Haworth.
52. Spitzer, Robert L. 2003. Can some gay men and lesbians change their sexual orientation? 200 participants reporting a change from homosexual to heterosexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior 32 (5). 469-82.
53. Stoltenberg, John. 1999. Christianity, feminism, and the manhood crisis. In Standing on the promises: The Promise Keepers and the revival of manhood, edited by Dane S. Claussen. Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press.
54. Throckmorton, Warren. 2002. Initial empirical and clinical findings concerning the change process for ex-gays. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 33 (3). 242-48.
55. Weiss, Rick. 1997. Psychologists reconsider gay "conversion" therapy. Washington Post, August 14.
56. West, Candace, and Sarah Fenstermaker. 1995. Doing difference. Gender & Society 9: 8-37.
57. West, Candace, and Don H. Zimmerman. 1987. Doing gender. Gender & Society 1: 125-51.
58. Wilcox, Clyde. 2000. Onward Christian soldiers? The religious Right in American politics. Boulder, CO: Westview.
59. Wolfe, Alan. 1998. One nation, after all: What Americans really think about God, country, family, racism, welfare, immigration, homosexuality, work, the Right, the Left, and each other. New York: Viking Penguin.
60. Wolkomir, Michelle. 2001 a. Emotion work, commitment, and the authentication of the self. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 30 (3). 305-34.
61. _. 2001 b. Wrestling with the angels of meaning: The revisionist ideological work of gay and ex-gay Christian men. Symbolic Interaction 24 (4). 407-24.
62. _. 2004. "Giving it up to God": Negotiating femininity in support groups for wives of ex-gay Christian men. Gender & Society 18: 735-55.
63. _. 2006. Be not deceived: The sacred and sexual struggles of gay and ex-gay Christian men. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
64. Wood, Mary E. 2000. How we got this way: The sciences of homosexuality and the Christian Right. Journal of Homosexuality 38 (3). 19-40.
65. Zucker, Kenneth J. 2003. The politics and science of "reparative therapy." Archives of Sexual Behavior 32 (5). 399-402.