The need for studies to evaluate the reproducibility of the T-wave alternans (TWA), and the rationale for a correction index of the TWA

Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 176-183

  Madias, John E ^a,b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ELMHURST HOSPITAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Correction index; T wave alternans

Indexed keywords

CARDIOMYOPATHY; DEFIBRILLATION; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY MONITORING; HEART ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART PACING; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HOLTER MONITORING; HUMAN; PATIENT SELECTION; PERIPHERAL EDEMA; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SUDDEN DEATH; T WAVE AMPLITUDE;

EID: 34548446016     PISSN: None     EISSN: 09726292     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Zheng ZJ, Croft JB, Giles WH, et al. Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998. Circulation 2001; 104:2158-2163.
2. Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic failure in the adult: executive summary: a report of the American College of cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to revise the 1995 Guidelines for Evaluation and Management of Heart failure): developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation 2001;104:2996-3007.
3. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, et al. Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1933-40.
4. Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, et al. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1882-90.
5. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:877-83.
6. Reynolds MR, Josephson ME. MADIT II (second Multicenter Automated Defibrillator Implantation Trial) debate: risk stratification, costs, and public policy). Circulation 2003;108:1779-83.
7. Zimetbaum PJ, Buxton AE, Batsford W, et al. Electrocardiographic predictors of arrhythmic death and total mortality in the multicenter unsustained tachycardia trial. Circulation 2004;110:766-769.
8. http://www.cms.hhs.gov/coverage/download/id148a.pdf. Accessed last on 3/ 15/07.
9. Narayan SM. T-wave alternans and the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:269-81.
10. http://www.cms.hhs.gov/mcd/viewdecisionmemo.asp?id=165. Accessed last on 3/15/07.
11. Smith JM, Clancy E, Valeri C, et al. Electrical alternans and cardiac electrical instability. Circulation 1988;77:110-21.
12. Verrier R, Nearing BD, La Rovere MT, et al. Ambulatory electrocardiogram-based tracking of T wave alternans in postmyocardial infarction patients to assess risk of cardiac arrest or arrhythmic events. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003; 14:705-11.
13. Bloomfield DM, Hohnloser SH, Cohen RJ. Interpretation and classification of microvolt T-wave alternans tests. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2002; 13:502-12.
14. Klingenheben T, Gronefeld G, Li YG, et al. Effect of metoprolol and d,l-sotalol on microvolt-level T-wave alternans. Results of a prospective, double-blind, randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:2013-9.
15. Komiya N, Seto S, Nakao Y, et al. The influence of beta-adrenergic agonists ana antagonists on T-wave alternans in patients with and without ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28:680-4.
16. Bloomfield DM, Ritvo BS, Parides MK, et al. The immediate reproducibility of T wave alternans during bicycle exercise. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2002;25:1185-91.
17. Turitto G, Mirandi AP, Pedalino RP, et al. Short-term reproducibility of T wave alternans measurement. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2002;13:641-4.
18. Gehi AK, Stein RH, Metz LD, et al. Microvolt T-wave alternans for the risk stratification of ventricular tachyarrhythmic events: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:75-82.
19. Klingenheben T, Ptaszynski P, Hohnloser SH. Quantitative assessment of microvolt T-wave alternans in patients with congestive heart failure. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005; 16:620-4.
20. Ratikainen MJP, Jokinen V, Virtanen V, et al. T-wave alternans during exercise and pacing in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Pace Clin Electrophysiol 2005;28 (Suppl 1):S193-197.
21. Shalaby AA, Voigt A, El-Saed A. Microvolt T-wave alternans during atrial and ventricular pacing. Pace Clin Electrophysiol 2007;30 (Suppl 1):S178-S182.
22. Verrier RL, Kwaku KF, Nearing BD, Josephson ME. T-wave alternans: does size matter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005;16:625-8.
23. Kaszala K, Kenigsberg DN, Krishnan SC. Drug-induced T wave alternans. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006;17:332.
24. Kaufman ES, Mackall JA, Julka B, et al. Influence of heart rate and sympathetic stimulation on arrhythmogenic T wave alternans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000;279:H1248-55.
25. Bloomfield DM, Steinman RC, Namerow PB, et al. Microvolt T-wave alternans distinguishes between patients likely and patients not likely to benefit from implanted cardiac defibrillator therapy: a solution to the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) II conundrum. Circulation. 2004;110:1885-9.
26. Madias JE. Letters regarding article by Bloomfield et al, "microvolt T-wave alternans distinguishes between patients likely and patients not likely to benefit from implanted cardiac defibrillator therapy". Circulation. 2005;111:e299-300.
27. Madias JE. Reproductility of T wave alternans in congestive heart failure: A theoretical argument. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2006; 29:800-802.
28. Madias JE. Reproducibility of the T-wave alternans (TWA) and dependence of TWA on the T-wave amplitude: Two issues requiring immediate attention. J Electrocardiol 2006 Sep 27; [Epub ahead of print].
29. Madias JE, Bazaz R, Agarwal H, et al. Anasarca-mediated attenuation of the amplitude of electrocardiogram complexes: a description of a heretofore unrecognized phenomenon. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:756-64.
30. Madias JE, Agarwal H, Win M, et al. Effect of weight loss in congestive heart failure from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy on electrocardiographic QRS voltage. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89:86-8.
31. Madias JE, Attanti S, Narayan V. Relationship among electrocardiographic potential amplitude, weight, and resistance/reactance/impedance in a patient with peripheral edema treated for congestive heart failure. J Electrocardiol. 2003;36:167-71.
32. Madias JE, Song J, White CM, et al. Response of the ECG to short-term diuresis in patients with heart failure. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2005;10:288-96.
33. Madias JE. P waves in patients with changing edematous states: implications on interpreting repeat P wave measurements in patients developing anasarca or undergoing hemodialysis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2004;27:749-56.
34. Madias JE. T-wave Amplitude Attenuation/Augmentation in Patients with Changing Edematous States: Implications for patients with Conjestive Heart Failure. Conjestive Heart Failure. 2007. [in press].
35. Madias JE. Significance of shortening of the mean QRS duration of the standard electrocardiogram in patients developing peripheral edema. Amer J Cardiol 2002;89:1444-1446.
36. Madias JE. QTc Interval in patients with changing edematous states: Implications on interpreting repeat QTc interval measurements in patients with anasarca of varying etiology, and those undergoing hemodialysis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2005;28:54-61.
37. Rudy Y, Plonsey P, Liebman J. The effects of variation in conductivity and geometrical parameters on the electrocardiogram, using an eccentric spheres model. Circ res. 1979;44:104-11.
38. Rudy Y, Plonsey R. A comparison of volume conductor and source geometry effects on body surface and epicardial potentials. Circ Res 1980;46:283.
39. Rudy Y. The electrocardiogram and its relationship to excitation of the heart, in Sperelakis N (Ed.): Physiology and Pathophysiology of the heart (ed. 3). The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995, p. 201.
40. Braunwald E, in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York, NY, p. 212-6.
41. Madias JE. A proposal for a T-wave alternans index. J Electrocardiol. 2007 May 30; [Epub ahead of print].