How the International Criminal Court came to life: The role of non-governmental organisations

Global Society

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 449-465

  Törnquist Chesnier, Marie ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERNATIONAL LAW; NEGOTIATION PROCESS; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION; POLICY MAKING;

EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; LAZIO; ROMA [LAZIO]; ROME; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

EID: 34548445122     PISSN: 13600826     EISSN: 1469798X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13600820701417881     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. I prefer to follow Ann Florini (Ann M. Florini (ed.), The Third Force: The Rise of Transnational Civil Society (Tokyo: JCIE;Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000)), p. 295, who uses the expression "transnational civil society" rather than "international" or "global civil society", in order to highlight that this phenomenon is a cross-border one but does not affect all continents in the same way.
2. Quasi-NGOs.
3. Government-oriented NGOs, sometimes also dubbed G-NGOs - governmental non-governmental organisations.
4. Terry Nardin, Law, Morality, and the Relations of States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983).
5. Kenneth Abbott, Robert Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik, Anne-Marie Slaughter and Duncan Snidal, "The Concept of Legalization", International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Summer 2000)
6. Kenneth Abbott and Duncan Snidal, "Hard Law and Soft Law in International Governance", International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Summer 2000)
7. Anthony Arend, Legal Rules and International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999)
8. Michael Byers (ed.), The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
9. Antonio Cassese, Violence et droit dans un monde divisé (Paris: PUF, 1990)
10. Guillaume Devin, Sociologie des relations internationales (Paris: La Dećouverte, 2002)
11. Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink, "International Norm Dynamics and Political Change", International Organization, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Autumn 1998)
12. Martha Finnemore and Stephen Toope, "Alternatives to 'Legalization': Richer Views of Law and Politics", International Organization, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Summer 2001)
13. James Hsiung, Anarchy and World Order: The Interplay of Politics and Law in International Relations (London: Lynne Rienner, 1997)
14. Friedrich Kratochwil, Rules, Norms and Decisions: On the Conditions of Practical Legal Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Affairs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989)
15. Terry Nardin, Law, Morality and the Relations of States, op. cit.
16. Thomas Risse, "International Norms and Domestic Change: Arguing and Communicative Behavior in the Human Rights Area", Politics and Society, Vol. 27, No. 4 (December 1999)
17. Thomas Risse, Steve Ropp and Kathryn Sikkink, The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
18. John Boli and George Thomas, Constructing World Culture: International Non Government Organizations since 1875 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999), p. 282.
19. Interviews with NGO members: FIDH (Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l'homme - International Federation of Human Rights Leagues), Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Redress.
20. Peter M. Haas, "Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination", International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Winter 1992).
21. Philippe Hamman, Jean-Matthieu Meon and Benoýt Verrier, Discours savants, discours militants: Mélange des genres (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2002).
22. CICC website: .
23. For example, the French coalition includes 38 members, among which there are human rights defence NGOs such as Amnesty International or the FIDH, lawyers' associations and trades unions (Avocats sans frontières - Lawyers without Borders; Ordre des avocats àla Cour d'appel de Paris - Paris Bar Association; Syndicat de la magistrature - Magistrates' trade union), and also humanitarian NGOs (Médecins sans frontières - Doctors without Borders) and other movements, whose links with the ICC seem less obvious, such as a federation of teachers and the like.
24. Interview with a member of the French section of Amnesty International in Paris.
25. James R. Rosenau, Turbulence in World Politics: A Theory of Change and Continuity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990).
26. .
27. Jan Melissen, Innovations in Diplomatic Practice (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999).
28. Béatrice Pouligny, "Acteurs et enjeux d'un processus équivoque. La naissance d'une 'internationale civile'", Critique Internationale No. 13 (October 2001), p. 167.
29. .
30. "For the purpose of this Statute, it is understood that the term 'gender' refers to the two sexes, male and female, within the context of society. The term 'gender' does not indicate any meaning different from the above" (Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Article 7, paragraph 3).
31. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Article 36, paragraph 8 a iii.
32. .
33. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Article 75, paragraph 1.
34. Interview with French Senator André Dulait, 2001.
35. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Article 15, paragraph 2.
36. William Bourdon and Emmanuelle Duverger, La Cour pénale internationale. Le Statut de Rome introduit et commenté (Paris: Seuil, 2000), p. 154.
37. Interview with a member of the French Ministry of Justice, 2001.
38. See Thomas Risse-Kappen (ed.), Bringing Transnational Relations Back In: Non-state Actors, Domestic Structures and International Institutions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 28, for the choice of this particular category.
39. Thomas Risse and Kathryn Sikkink, "The Socialization of International Human Rights Norms into Domestic Practices: Introduction", in Thomas Risse, Stephen L. Ropp and Kathryn Sikkink (eds.), The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 25.
40. Serge Sur, "Vers une Cour pénale internationale: La Convention de Rome entre les ONG et le Conseil de Sécurite'" Revue générale de droit international public, Vol. 103, No. 1 (1999), pp. 43-45.