Ar-Ar dating of late Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in northern Syria: Implications for the history of incision by the River Euphrates and uplift of the northern Arabian Platform

Tectonics

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2007, Pages

  Demir, Tuncer ^a   Westaway, Rob ^b,c   Bridgland, David ^d   Pringle, Malcolm ^e,f   Yurtmen, Sema ^g,h   Beck, Anthony ^d,i   Rowbotham, George ^j  

^a HARRAN UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^e SCOTTISH UNIVERSITIES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^f MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^g CUKUROVA UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^h University of Leeds ^*  (United Kingdom)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^j KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGRADATION; ARABIAN PLATE; ARGON-ARGON DATING; BASALT; CENOZOIC; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; FLUVIAL DEPOSIT; INCISED VALLEY; PALEOLITHIC; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; UPLIFT; VOLCANISM;

ASIA; EUPHRATES RIVER; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST; SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC;

EID: 34548354524     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006TC001959     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Aktaş, G., and A. H. F. Robertson (1984), The Maden complex, SE Turkey: Evolution of a Neotethyan active margin, in The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean, edited by J. E. Dixon and A. H. F. Robertson, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 17, 375-402.
2. al-Mishwat, A. T., and S. J. Nasir (2004), Composition of the lower crust of the Arabian Plate: A xenolith perspective, Lithos, 72, 45-72.
3. Alsharhan, A., and A. Nairn (1995), Tertiary of the Arabian Gulf: Sedimentology and hydrocarbon potential, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 114, 369-384.
4. Arger, J., J. Mitchell, and R. Westaway (2000), Neogene and Quaternary volcanism of south-eastern Turkey, in Tectonics and Magmatism of Turkey and the Surrounding Area, edited by E. Bozkurt, J. A. Winchester, and J. D. A. Piper, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 173, 459-487.
5. Assumpção, M., D. James, and A. Snoke (2002), Crustal thicknesses in SE Brazilian Shield by receiver function analysis: Implications for isostatic compensation, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B1), 2006, doi:10.1029/2001JB000422.
6. Basaltic Volcanism Study Project (1981), Basaltic Volcanisin on the Terrestrial Planets, 1263 pp., Elsevier, New York.
7. Besançon, J., and B. Geyer (2003), La géomorphologie de la basse vallée de l'Euphrate Syrien, in La Basse Vallée de l'Euphrate Syrien du Néolithique a l'avenement de l'Islam, vol. 1, edited by B. Geyer and J.-Y. Montchambert, pp. 7-59, Inst. Fr. du Proche Orient, Beirut, Lebanon.
8. Besançon, J., and P. Sanlaville (198 1), Aperçu géomorphologique sur la vallée de l'Euphrate Syrien, Paleorient, 7(2), 5-18.
9. Best, J. A., M. Barazangi, D. al-Saad, T. Sawaf, and A. Gebran (1990), Bouguer gravity trends and crustal structure of the Palmyride mountain belt and surrounding northern Arabian platform in Syria, Geology, 18, 1235-1239.
10. Bibus, E. (1983), Reliefgenerationen am oberen Paraguai in Mato Grosso (Brasdien), Z. Geomorphol., Suppl., 48, 261-274.
11. Brew, G., R. Litak, D. Seber, M. Barazangi, T. Sawaf, and A. Al-Iman (1997), Basement depth and sedimentary velocity structure in the northern Arabian Platform, eastern Syria, Geophys. J. Int., 128, 617-631.
12. Bridgland, D. R. (2000), River terrace systems in northwest Europe: An archive of environmental change, uplift and early human occupation, Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 1293-1303.
13. Bridgland, D. R., and R. Westaway (2007), Preservation patterns of late Cenozoic fluvial deposits and their implications: Results from IGCP 449, Quat. Int, in press.
14. Bridgland, D., G. Philip, R. Westaway, and M. White (2003), A long Quaternary terrace sequence in the valley of the River Orontes, near Homs, Syria, Current Sci., 84, 1080-1089.
15. Bridgland, D. R., P. Antoine, N. Limondin-Lozouet, J. I. Santisteban, R. Westaway, and M. J. White (2006), The Palaeolithic occupation of Europe as revealed by evidence from the rivers: Data from IGCP 449, J. Quat. Sci., 21, 437-455.
16. Bridgland, D., T. Demir, A. Seyrek, M. Pringle, R. Westaway, A. Beck, S. Yurtmen, and G. Rowbotham (2007), Dating Quaternary volcanism and incision by the River Tigris at Diyarbakir, SE Turkey, J. Quat. Sci., 22, 387-393.
17. Camp, V. E., and M. J. Roobol (1992), Upwelling asthenosphere beneath western Arabia and its regional implications, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15,255-15,271.
18. Chairnov, T., M. Barazangi, D. Al-Saad, T. Sawaf, and A. Gebran (1990), Crustal shortening in the Palmyride fold belt, Syria, and implications for movement along the Dead Sea fault system, Tectonics, 9, 1369-1386.
19. Collier, R. E. L., M. R. Leeder, M. Trout, G. Ferentinos, E. Lyberis, and G. Papatheodorou (2000), High sediment yields and cool, wet winters: Test of last glacial paleoclimates in the northern Mediterranean, Geology, 28, 999-1002.
20. Copeland, L. (2004), The paleolithic of the Euphrates Valley in Syria, Br. Archaeol. Rep., Int. Ser., 1263, 19-114.
21. Coşkun, B., and S. Coşkun (2000), The Dead Sea Fault and related subsurface structures, Gaziantep Basin, SE Turkey, Geol. Mag., 137, 175-192.
22. Cox, K. G. (1980), A model for flood basalt volcanism, J. Petrol., 21, 629-650.
23. Demir, T., I. Yeşilnacar, and R. Westaway (2004), River terrace sequences in Turkey: Sources of evidence for lateral variations in regional uplift, Proc. Geol. Assoc., 115, 289-311.
24. Demir, T., R. Westaway, D. R. Bridgland, A. Seyrek, and A. Beck (2007), Terrace staircases of the River Euphrates in southeast Turkey, northern Syria and western Iraq: Evidence for regional surface uplift, Quat. Sci. Rev, in press.
25. Denton, G. H., D. E. Sugden, D. R. Marchant, B. L. Hall, and T. L. Witch (1993), East Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to Pliocene climatic change from a dry valleys perspective, Geogr. Ann., 75A, 155-204.
26. Derman, A. (1999), Braided river deposits related to progressive Miocene surface uplift in Kahraman Maraş area, SE Turkey, Geol. J., 34, 159-174.
27. Fitton, J. G. (1987), The Cameroon line, West Africa: A comparison between oceanic and continental alkaline voicanism, in Alkaline Igneous Rocks, edited by J. G. Fitton and B. G. J. Upton, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 30, 273-291.
28. Floyd, P. A., and P. R. Castillo (1992), Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Jurassic ocean crust basalts, ODP Leg 129, Site 801, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 129, 361-388.
29. Gomez, F., M. Khawlie, C. Tabet, A. N. Darkal, K. Khair, and M. Barazangi (2006), Late Cenozoic uplift along the northern Dead Sea transform in Syria and Lebanon, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 241, 913-931.
30. 39Ar geochronology, in The eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat, From 1995 to 1999, edited by T. H. Druitt and B. P. Kojkelaar, Mem. Geol. Soc. London, 21, 93-113.
31. James, G., and J. Wynd (1965), Stratigraphic, nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement Area, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 49, 2182-2245.
32. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1998), Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission: Mapping the world in three dimensions, JPL Rep. 400-713 7/98, Calif Inst. of Technol., Pasadena.
33. Johnson, R. W., J. Knutson, and S. R. Taylor (1989), Intraplate VoIcanism in Eastern Australia and New Zealand, 408 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
34. Karig, D., and H. Kozlu (1990), Late Palaeogene-Neogene evolution of the triple junction near Maraş south-central Turkey, J. Geol. Soc. London, 147, 1023-1034.
35. Keskin, M. (2003), Magma generation by slab steepening and breakoff beneath a subduction-accretion complex: An alternative model for collision-related volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 8046, doi:10.1029/2003GL018019.
36. Kiden, P., and T. E. Törnqvist (1998), Can river terrace flights be used to quantify Quaternary tectonic uplift rates?, J. Quat Sci., 13, 573-574.
37. Kukla, G. J. (1978), The classical European glacial stages: Correlation with deep-sea sediments, Trans. Nebr. Acad. Sci., 6, 57-93.
38. Kuzucuoǧlu, C., M. Fontugne, and D. Mouralis (2004), Holocene terraces in the middle Euphrates valley between Halfeti and Karkemish (Gaziantep, Turkey), Quaternaire, 15, 195-206.
39. Le Bas, M. J., R. W. Le Maitre, A. Streckeisen, and B. Zanettin (1986), A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram, J. Petrol., 27, 745-750.
40. Litak, R. K., M. Barazangi, W. Beauchamp, D. Seber, G. Brew, T. Sawaf, and W. Al-Youssef (1997), Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the intraplate Euphrates fault system, Syria: Implications for regional tectonics, J. Geol. Soc. London, 154, 653-666.
41. Lovelock, P. (1984), A review of the tectonics of the Middle East region, Geol. Mag., 121, 577-587.
42. Macklin, M. G., I. C. Fuller, J. Lewin, G. S. Maas, D. G. Passmore, J. Rose, J. C. Woodward, S. Black, R. H. B. Hamlin, and J. S. Rowan (2002), Correlation of fluvial sequences in the Mediterranean basin over the last 200 ka and their relationship to climate change, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 1633-1641.
43. Maddy, D. (1997), Uplift-driven valley incision and river terrace formation in southern England, J. Quat. Sci., 12, 539-545.
44. Matoshko, A., P. Gozhik, and G. Danukalova (2004), Key late Cenozoic fluvial archives of eastern Europe: The Dniester, Dnieper, Don and Volga, Proc. Geol. Assoc., 115, 141-173.
45. McClusky, S., et al. (2000), Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5695-5719.
46. Medaris, L. G., Jr., and G. Syada (1999), Pyroxenite xenoliths from Al Ashaer Volcano, Syria: Constraints on the thermal state of the subcontinental Arabian lithosphere, Int. Geol. Rev., 41, 895-905.
47. Middlemost, E. A. K. (1985), Magmas and Magmatic Rocks: An Introduction to Igneous Petrology, 266 pp., Longman's, London.
48. Middlemost, E. A. K. (1989), Iron oxidation ratios, norms, and the classification of volcanic rocks, Chem. Geol., 77, 19-26.
49. Miliaresis, G., and C. Paraschou (2005), Vertical accuracy of the SRTM DTED level 1 of Crete, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 7, 49-59.
50. Minzoni-Deroche, A., and P. Sanlaville (1988), Le Paléolithique Inférieur de la région de Gaziantep, Paleorient, 14, 87-98.
51. Molnar, P., P. England, and J. Martinod (1993), Mantle dynamics, the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and the Indian monsoon, Rev. Geophys., 31, 357-396.
52. Mouty, M., M. Delaloye, D. Fontignie, O. Piskin, and J.-J. Wagner (1992), The volcanic activity in Syria and Lebanon between Jurassic and actual, Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 72, 91-105.
53. Nasir, S., and A. Safarjalani (2000), Lithospheric petrology beneath the northern part of the Arabian Plate in Syria: Evidence from xenoliths in alkali basalts, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 30, 149-168.
54. Oguchi, T. (2001), Geomorphological and environmental settings of Tell Kosak Shamali, Syria, in Tell Kosak Shamali, the Archaeological Investigations on the Upper Euphrates, Syria, vol. 1, edited by N. Nishiaki and T. Matsutani, pp. 19-40, Oxbow, Oxford, U. K.
55. Pearce, J. A., J. F. Bender, S. E. De Long, W. S. F. Kidd, P. J. Low, Y. Güner, F. Şaroǧlu, Y. Yilmaz, S. Moorbath, and J. G. Mitchell (1990), Genesis of collision volcanism in eastern Anatolia, Turkey, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 44, 189-229.
56. Perves, M. (1964), Préhistoire de la région du Moyen Euphrates, Bull. Soc. Prehist. Fr., 61, 422-435.
57. Ponikarov, V. (1966), Geological map of the Jarablus (J-37-III) quadrangle, 1:200,000 scale, Technoexport, Moscow.
58. Ponikarov, V., and I. Mikhailov (1964), Geological map of Syria, 1:1,000,000 scale, Technoexport, Moscow.
59. Ponikarov, V., et al. (1967), The geology of Syria: Explanatory notes on the geological map of Syria, scale 1:500,000. part I: Stratigraphy, igneous rocks, and tectonics, Technoexport, Moscow.
60. Pross, J., and S. Klotz (2002), Palaeotemperature calculations from the Praetiglian/Tiglian (Plio-Pleistocene) pollen record of Lieth, northern Germany; implications for the climatic evolution of NW Europe, Global Planet. Change, 34, 253-267.
61. Rabus, B., M. Eineder, A. Roth, and R. Bamler (2003), The shuttle radar topography mission: A new class of digital elevation models acquired by spaceborne radar, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 57, 241-262.
62. Reed, E. C., V. H. Dreeszen, C. K. Bayne, and C. B. Schultz (1965), The Pleistocene in Nebraska and northern Kansas, in The Quaternary of the United States, edited by H. E. Wright Jr. and D. G. Frey, pp. 187-202, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J.
63. 19Ar dating, Chem. Geol., 145, 117-152.
64. Rigo de Righi, M., and A. Cortesini (1964), Gravity tectonics in Foothills Structure Belt of southeast Turkey, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 48, 1911-1937.
65. Rose, J., X. Meng, and C. Watson (1999), Palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental responses in the western Mediterranean over the last 140 ka: Evidence from Mallorca, Spain, J. Geol. Soc. London, 156, 435-448.
66. Sanlaville, P. (2004), Les terraces Pléistocènes de la vallée de l'Euphrate en Syrie et dans l'extrême sud de la Turquie, Br. Archaeol. Rep., Int. Ser., 1263, 115-133.
67. Şengör, A. M. C., S. Özeren, T. Genç, and E. Zor (2003), East Anatolian high plateau as a mantle-supported, north-south shortened domal structure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 8045, doi:10.1029/2003GL017858.
68. 39Ar incremental heating analysis of lavas, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 139, 47-61.
69. Steiger, R. H., and E. Jäger (1977), Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 36, 359-363.
70. Stevaux, J. C. (1994), The upper Paraná River (Brazil): Geomorphology, sedimentology and paleoclimatology, Quat. Int., 21, 143-161.
71. Sugden, D. E., D. R. Marchant, N. Potter Jr., R. A. Souchez, G. H. Denton, C. C. Swisher III, and J.-L. Tison (1995), Preservation of Miocene glacier ice in East Antarctica, Nature, 376, 412-414.
72. Tatar, O., J. D. A. Piper, H. Gürsoy, A. Heimann, and F. Koçbulut (2004), Neotectonic deformation in the transition zone between the Dead Sea Transform and the East Anatolian Fault Zone, southern Turkey: A palaeomagnetic study of the Karasu Rift volcanism, Tectonophysics, 385, 17-43.
73. Terlemez, H. Ç. I., K. Şentürk, M. Sümengen, and A. Oral (1997), Geological map of the Antakya-L24 quadrangle, 1:100,000 scale, and accompanying 11 page explanatory booklet, Gen. Dir. of Miner. Res. and Explor., Ankara.
74. Thompson, R. N., P. T. Leat, A. P. Dickin, M. A. Morrison, G. L. Hendry, and S. A. Gibson (1990), Strongly potassic mafic magmas from lithospheric mantle sources during continental extension and heating; evidence from Miocene minettes of northwest Colorado, U.S.A., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 98, 139-153.
75. Tyráček, J. (1987), Terraces of the Euphrates River, Sb. Geol. Ved Antropozoikum, 18, 185-202.
76. Ulu, Ü. (1996a), Geological map of the Suruç-L25 quadrangle, 1:100,000 scale, and accompanying 9 page explanatory booklet, Gen. Dir. of Miner. Res. and Explor., Ankara.
77. Ulu, Ü. (1996b), Geological map of the Urfa-K25 quadrangle, 1:100,000 scale, and accompanying 11 page explanatory booklet, Gen. Dir. of Miner. Res. and Explor., Ankara.
78. Weaver, B. L., D. A. Wood, J. Tarney, and J. L. Joron (1987), Geochemistry of ocean island basalts from the South Atlantic: Ascension, Bouvet, St. Helena, Gough and Tristan da Cunha, in Alkaline Igneous Rocks, edited by J. G. Fitton and B. G. J. Upton, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 30, 253-267.
79. Westaway, R. (1995), Crustal volume balance during the India-Eurasia collision and attitude of the Tibetan Plateau: A working hypothesis, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 15,173-15,194.
80. Westaway, R. (1998), Dependence of active normal fault dips on lower-crustal flow regimes, J. Geol. Soc. London, 155, 233-253.
81. Westaway, R. (2001), Flow in the lower continental crust as a mechanism for the Quaternary uplift of the Rhenish Massif, north-west Europe, in River Basin Sediment Systems: Archives of Environmental Change, edited by D. Maddy, M. Macklin, and J. Woodward, pp. 87-167, A. A. Balkema, Brookfield, Vt.
82. Westaway, R. (2002a), Geomorphological consequences of weak lower continental crust, and its significance for studies of uplift, landscape evolution, and the interpretation of river terrace sequences, Neth. J. Geosci., 81, 283-304.
83. Westaway, R. (2002b), Long-term river terrace sequences: Evidence for global increases in surface uplift rates in the late Pliocene and early middle Pleistocene caused by flow in the lower continental crust induced by surface processes, Neth. J. Geosci., 81, 305-328.
84. Westaway, R. (2002c), The Quaternary evolution of the Gulf of Corinth, central Greece: Coupling between surface processes and flow in the lower continental crust, Tectonophysics, 348, 269-318.
85. Westaway, R. (2003), Kinematics of the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean updated, Turkish J. Earth Sci., 12, 5-46.
86. Westaway, R. (2004a), Kinematic consistency between the Dead Sea Fault Zone and the Neogene and Quaternary left-lateral faulting in SE Turkey, Tectonophysics, 391, 203-237.
87. Westaway, R. (2004b), Review of "The steady-state orogen: Concepts, field observations, and models", edited by Frank Pazzaglia and Peter Knuepfer (special volume 151 of J. American Science, Yale Univ. Press, Connecticut, USA, 2001), Am. J. Sci., 23, 215-218.
88. Westaway, R. (2004c), Pliocene and Quaternary surface uplift revealed by sediments of the Loire-Allier river system, France, Quaternaire, 15, 103-115.
89. Westaway, R., and J. Arger (2001), Kinematics of the Malatya-Ovacιk Fault Zone, Geodin. Acta, 14, 103-131.
90. Westaway, R., D. Maddy, and D. Bridgland (2002), Flow in the lower continental crust as a mechanism for the Quaternary uplift of south-east England: Constraints from the Thames terrace record, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 559-603.
91. Westaway, R., D. Bridgland, and S. Mishra (2003), Rheological differences between Archaean and younger crust can determine rates of Quaternary vertical motions revealed by fluvial geomorphology, Terra Nova, 15, 287-298.
92. Westaway, R., M. Pringle, S. Yurtmen, T. Demir, D. Bridgland, G. Rowbotham, and D. Maddy (2004), Pliocene and Quaternary regional uplift in western Turkey: The Gediz river terrace staircase and the volcanism at Kula, Tectonophysics, 391, 121-169.
93. Westaway, R., D. Bridgland, K. Challis, and M. White (2005a), A dating framework for the lower and middle Palaeolithic in Levantine rivers, Counc. Br. Res. Levant Newslett., 2005, 31-33.
94. Westaway, R., H. Guillou, S. Yurtmen, T. Demir, and G. Rowbotham (2005b), Constraints on the timing and regional conditions at the start of the present phase of crustal extension in western Turkey from observations in and around the Denizli region, Geodin. Acta, 18, 313-343.
95. Westaway, R., T. Demir, A. Seyrek, and A. Beck (2006a), Kinematics of active left-lateral faulting in southeast Turkey from offset Pleistocene river gorges: Improved constraint on the rate and history of relative motion between the Turkish and Arabian plates, J. Geol. Soc. London, 163, 149-164.
96. Westaway, R., H. Guillou, S. Yurtmen, A. Beck, D. Bridgland, T. Demir, S. Scaillet, and G. Rowbotham (2006b), Late Cenozoic uplift of western Turkey: Improved dating of the Kula Quaternary volcanic field and numerical modelling of the Gediz river terrace staircase, Global Planet. Change, 51, 131-171.
97. Westaway, R., D. Bridgland, and M. White (2006c), The Quaternary uplift history of central southern England: Evidence from the terraces of the Solent River system and nearby raised beaches, Quat. Sci. Rev., 25, 2212-2250.
98. Whiteman, C. A., and J. Rose (1992), Thames river sediments of the British early and middle Pleistocene, Quat. Sci. Rev., 11, 363-375.
99. Yurtmen, S., H. Guillou, R. Westaway, G. Rowbotham, and O. Tatar (2002), Rate of strike-slip motion on the Amanos Fault (Karasu Valley, southern Turkey) constrained by K-Ar dating and geochemical analysis of Quaternary basalts, Tectonophysics, 344, 207-246.
100. Zor, E., E. Sandvol, C. Gürbüz, N. Türkelli, D. Seber, and M. Barazangi (2003), The crustal structure of the East Anatolian plateau (Turkey) from receiver functions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 8044, doi:10.1029/2003GL018192.