International medical graduate physicians in the United States: Changes since 1981

Health Affairs

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 1159-1169

  Hart, L Gary ^a   Skillman, Susan M ^b   Fordyce, Meredith ^b   Thompson, Matthew ^c   Hagopian, Amy ^d   Konrad, Thomas R ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b Center for Health Workforce Studies

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FACTUAL DATABASE; FEMALE; FOREIGN WORKER; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; MALE; MANPOWER; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MEDICINE; MIDDLE AGED; MIGRATION; POVERTY; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RURAL HEALTH CARE; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION; DATABASES, FACTUAL; EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; FEMALE; FOREIGN MEDICAL GRADUATES; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; MALE; MEDICALLY UNDERSERVED AREA; MIDDLE AGED; POVERTY AREAS; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RURAL HEALTH SERVICES; SPECIALTIES, MEDICAL; UNITED STATES; URBAN HEALTH SERVICES;

EID: 34548321031     PISSN: 02782715     EISSN: 02782715     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.4.1159     Document Type: Article

References (25)

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2. R.A. Cooper et al., "Economic and Demographic Trends Signal an Impending Physician Shortage," Health Affairs 21, no. 1 (2002): 140-154;
3. and D.C. Goodman et al., "End-of-Life Care at Academic Medical Centers: Implications for Future Workforce Requirements," Health Affairs 25, no. 2 (2006): 521-531.
4. F. Mullan, "Filling the Gaps: International Medical Graduates in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia" (Paper presented at the Eighth International Medical Workforce Conference, Washington, D.C., 6-9 October 2004).
5. K. Johnson et al., "How International Medical Graduates Enter U.S. Graduate Medical Education or Employment," Working Paper no. 76 (Seattle: WWAMI Center for Health Workforce Studies, University of Washington, 2003).
6. M. Biviano and F. Makarehchi, "Globalization and the Physician Workforce in the United States" (Presentation at the Sixth International Medical Workforce Conference, Ottawa, Ontario, 25 April 2002).
7. A. Hagopian et al., "Health Departments' Use of International Medical Graduates in Physician Shortage Areas," Health Affairs 22, no. 5 (2003): 241-249.
8. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Area Resource File (ARF), 2004, http://www.arfsys.com (accessed 21 September 2006).
9. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, The Revised ERS County Typology: An Overview, Report no. RDRR89 (Washington: USDA, 1994).
10. R. Morrill et al., "Metropolitan, Urban, and Rural Commuting Areas: Toward a Better Depiction of the U.S. Settlement System," Urban Geography 20, no. 8 (1999): 727-748.
11. See Supplemental Exhibit 1 for the medical school country origins of IMGs in 2001 and their relative numbers, online at http://content.healthaffairs.org/ cgi/content/full/26/4/1159/DC1.
12. K. Johnson et al., "The Changing Geography of Americans Graduating from Foreign Medical Schools," Academic Medicine 81, no. 2 (2006): 179-184.
13. See Supplemental Exhibit 2, online as in Note 10.
14. HRSA, ARF.
15. Ibid.
16. T.R. Konrad et al., "Using the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile to Measure Physician Supply in Small Towns," Journal of Rural Health 16, no. 2 (2000): 162-167.
17. Ibid.
18. Johnson et al., "The Changing Geography."
19. J.R. Boulet et al., "The International Medical Graduate Pipeline: Recent Trends in Certification and Residency Training," Health Affairs 25, no. 2 (2006): 469-477.
20. A. Hagopian et al., "The Role of International Medical Graduates in America's Small Rural Critical Access Hospitals," Journal of Rural Health 20, no. 1 (2004): 52-58.
21. Mullan, "Filling the Gaps"; and A. Hagopian et al., "The Migration of Physicians from Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America: Measures of the African Brain Drain," Human Resources for Health 2, no. 1 (2004): 17.
22. F. Mullan, "Doctors for the World: Indian Physician Emigration," Health Affairs 25, no. 2 (2006): 380-393.
23. P.A. Pugno et al., "Results of the 2006 National Residency Matching Program: Family Medicine," Family Medicine 38, no. 9 (2006): 637-646.
24. Ibid.; and American Academy of Family Physicians, 2007 National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), Table 1: Family Medicine, http://www.aafp.org/online/ en/home/residents/match/table1.html (accessed 8 May 2007).
25. Association of American Medical Colleges, "AAMC Calls for Modest Increase in Medical School Enrollment," Press Release, 22 February 2005, http://www.aamc.org/newsroom/pressrel/2005/050222.htm (accessed 12 April 2007).