Health departments' use of international medical graduates in physician shortage areas

Health Affairs

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 241-249

  Hagopian, Amy ^a   Thompson, Matthew J ^a   Kaltenbach, Emily ^b   Hart, L Gary ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Presbyterian Medical Services   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; FOREIGN WORKER; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; MANPOWER; MIGRATION; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; QUESTIONNAIRE; UNITED STATES;

EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; FOREIGN MEDICAL GRADUATES; HUMANS; MEDICALLY UNDERSERVED AREA; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT; PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATE GOVERNMENT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 1542785780     PISSN: 02782715     EISSN: 02782715     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.22.5.241     Document Type: Review

References (18)

1. R. Politzer, J. Cultice, and A. Meltzer, "Geographic Distribution of Physicians in the U.S. and the Contribution of IMGs," Medical Care Research and Review 55, no. 1 (1998): 116-130;
2. and S. Mick, S. Lee, and W. Wodchis, "Variations in Geographical Distribution of Foreign and Domestically Trained Physicians in the United States: 'Safety Nets' or 'Surplus Exacerbation'?" Social Science and Medicine 50, no. 2 (2000): 185-202.
3. D. Polsky et al., "Initial Practice Locations of International Medical Graduates," Health Services Research 37, no. 4 (2002): 907-928.
4. A. Hagopian et al., "Critical Access Hospitals and International Medical Graduates" (Unpublished manuscript, 2003).
5. L. Baer, T. Conrad, and R. Slifkin, "If Fewer International Medical Graduates Were Allowed in the U.S., Who Might Replace Them in Rural Areas?" Working Paper no. 71 (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, 2001).
6. HPSAs are listed at Health Resources and Services Administration, "Health Professional Shortage Areas," 4 November 2002, bhpr.hrsa. gov/shortage (20 May 2003).
7. The program was previously reauthorized per 8 CFR, sec. 212.7(c)(9)(i)(A). H.R. 2215, passed 3 October 2002, titled the Twenty-first Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act, increases the number of waivers from twenty to thirty per state and extends the program until 2004. See section 11018.
8. "Graduate Medical Education," Journal of the Amencan Medical Association 288, no. 9 (2002): 1159, Appendix II, Table 6.
9. The ARC serves portions of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
10. Connie Berry, DHHS, personal communication, 16 May 2003.
11. "Closing the Gates," Chronicle of Higher Education, 11 April 2003, A12.
12. States with a rural focus were Alabama, Delaware, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, and Tennessee. Jurisdictions with an urban focus were the District of Columbia, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, and Ohio.
13. K. Mueller et al., The Immediate and Future Role of the J-1 Visa Waiver Program for Physicians: The Consequences of Change for Rural Health Care Service Delivery (Omaha: University of Nebraska, Rural Policy Research Center, April 2002).
14. Wisconsin, Virginia, Kentucky, and Arizona said that they could place twenty-five; Florida, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nevada, Rhode Island, Washington, and West Virginia, thirty; Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee, thirty-five; Iowa, thirty-six; Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and New Mexico, forty; New York and Massachusetts, fifty; and Texas, 100.
15. J.K. Iglehart, "Health Policy Report: The Quandary over Graduates of Foreign Medical Schools in the United States," New England Journal of Medicine 334, no. 25 (1996): 1679-1683.
16. Berry, personal communication.
17. See, for example, F. Donini-Lenhoff and H. Hedrick, "Growth of Specialization in Graduate Medical Education," Journal of the American Medical Association 284, no. 10 (2000): 1284-1289.
18. World Bank Group, "Country Classification," July 2003, www.worldbank.org/data/country class/countryclass.html (16 July 2003).