The influence of an adaptation period in reducing the third party observer effect during a neuropsychological evaluation

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 699-710

  Gavett, Brandon E ^a,b   McCaffrey, Robert J ^a,c  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b VA CONNECTICUT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^c ALBANY NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATES   (United States)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Memory; Neuropsychological assessment; Observers

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MEMORY; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NORMAL HUMAN; OBSERVATION; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; REACTIVE INHIBITION; SCORING SYSTEM;

EID: 34548255301     PISSN: 08876177     EISSN: 18735843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.acn.2007.05.002     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Axelrod B., Barth J., Faust D., Fisher J., Heilbronner R., Larrabee G., Pliskin N., and Silver C. Presence of third party observers during neuropsychological testing: Official statement of the National Academy of Neuropsychology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 15 (2000) 379-380
2. Bond C.F., and Titus L.J. Social facilitation: A meta-analysis of 241 studies. Psychological Bulletin 94 (1983) 265-292
3. Constantinou M., Ashendorf L., and McCaffrey R.J. When the third party observer of a neuropsychological evaluation is an audio-recorder. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 16 (2002) 407-412
4. Constantinou M., Ashendorf L., and McCaffrey R.J. Effects of a third party observer during neuropsychological assessment: When the observer is a video camera. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 4 (2005) 39-48
5. Crawford J.R., Stewart L.E., and Moore J.W. Demonstration of savings on the AVLT and development of a parallel form. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 11 (1989) 975-981
6. Duff K., and Fisher J.M. Ethical dilemmas with third party observers. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 4 (2005) 65-82
7. Gavett B.E., Lynch J.K., and McCaffrey R.J. Third party observers: The effect size is greater than you might think. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 4 (2005) 49-64
8. Geffen G.M., Butterworth P., and Geffen L.B. Test-retest reliability of a new form of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 9 (1994) 303-316
9. Gittelsohn J., Shankar A.V., West Jr. K.P., Ram R.M., and Gnywali T. Estimating reactivity in direct observation studies of health behaviors. Human Organization 56 (1997) 182-189
10. Hamsher K., Lee G.P., and Baron I.S. Policy statement on the presence of third party observers in neuropsychological assessments. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 15 (2001) 433-439
11. Hawkins K.A., Dean D., and Pearlson G.D. Alternative forms of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: A review. Behavioural Neurology 15 (2004) 99-107
12. Haynes S.N., and Horn W.F. Reactivity in behavioral observation: A review. Behavioral Assessment 4 (1982) 369-385
13. Husband R.W. Analysis of methods in human maze learning. Journal of Genetic Psychology 39 (1931) 258-278
14. Kazdin A.E. Observer effects: Reactivity of direct observation. New Directions for Methodology of Social and Behavioral Science 14 (1982) 5-19
15. Kazdin A.E. Research design in clinical psychology (2003), Allyn & Bacon, Boston
16. Lezak M.D. Neuropsychological assessment. 2nd ed. (1983), Oxford University Press, New York
17. Majdan A., Sziklas V., and Jones-Gotman M. Performance of healthy subjects and patients with resection from the anterior temporal lobe on matched tests of verbal and visuoperceptual learning. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 18 (1996) 416-430
18. Markus H. The effect of mere presence on social facilitation: An unobtrusive test. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 14 (1978) 389-397
19. Mauchly J. Significance test of sphericity of a normal n-variate distribution. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 11 (1940) 204-209
20. McCaffrey R.J., Fisher J.M., and Gold B.A. Presence of third party observers during neuropsychological evaluations: Who is evaluating whom?. Workshop at the annual meeting of the National Academy of Neuropsychology. Orlando, FL (1994)
21. McCaffrey R.J., Fisher J.M., Gold B.A., and Lynch J.K. Presence of third parties during neuropsychological evaluations: Who is evaluating whom?. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 10 (1996) 435-449
22. McCaffrey R.J., Lynch J.K., and Yantz C. Third party observers: Why all the fuss?. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 4 (2005) 1-15
23. McSweeny A.J., Becker B.C., Naugle R.I., Snow W.G., Binder L.M., and Thompson L.L. Ethical issues related to the presence of third party observers in clinical neuropsychological evaluations. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 12 (1998) 552-559
24. Pessin J. The comparative effects of social and mechanical stimulation on memorizing. Abnormal Journal of Psychology 45 (1933) 263-270
25. Pessin J., and Husband R.W. Effects of social stimulation on human maze learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 28 (1933) 148-154
26. Purcell K., and Brady K. Adaptation to the invasion of privacy: Monitoring behavior with a miniature radio transmitter. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development 12 (1966) 242-254
27. Rabin L.A., Barr W.B., and Burton L.A. Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: A survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 20 (2005) 33-65
28. Reitan R.M., and Wolfson D. The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: Theory and clinical interpretation. 2nd ed. (1993), Neuropsychology Press, Tuscon, AZ
29. Rey A. L'examen psychologie dans les cas d'encephalopathie traumatique. Archives de Psychologie 28 (1941) 286-340
30. Rey A. L'examen clinique en psychologie (1964), Presses Universitaires de France, Paris
31. Schmitt B.H., Gilovich T., Goore N., and Joseph L. Mere presence and social facilitation: One more time. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 22 (1986) 242-248
32. Shapiro D.M., and Harrison D.W. Alternative forms of the AVLT: A procedure and test of form equivalency. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 5 (1990) 405-410
33. Taylor E.M. Psychological appraisal of children with cerebral deficits (1959), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
34. Triplett N. The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. American Journal of Psychology 9 (1898) 507-533
35. Trites R. Grooved pegboard manual (1989), Lafayette Instrument, Lafayette, IN
36. Yantz C.L., and McCaffrey R.J. Effects of a supervisor's observation on memory test performance of the examinee: Third party observer effect confirmed. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 4 (2005) 27-38
37. Zajonc R.B. Social facilitation. Science 149 (1965) 269-274
38. Zegiob L.E., Forehand R., and Resick P.A. Parent-child interactions: Habituation and resensitization effects. Journal of Child Clinical Psychology 7 (1979) 69-71