메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 287-294

Keeping an "ear" to the ground: Seismic communication in elephants

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL COMMUNICATION; BONE CONDUCTION; ELEPHANT; ENVIRONMENT; FOOT; PERCEPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; VIBRATION;

EID: 34548220916     PISSN: 15489213     EISSN: 15489221     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2007     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (96)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 85047670222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The properties of geophysical fields and their effects on elephants and other animals
    • Arnason BT, Hart LA, O'Connell-Rodwell CE. The properties of geophysical fields and their effects on elephants and other animals. J Comp Psychol 116: 123-132, 2002.
    • (2002) J Comp Psychol , vol.116 , pp. 123-132
    • Arnason, B.T.1    Hart, L.A.2    O'Connell-Rodwell, C.E.3
  • 2
    • 33747047205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acoustic radiation from the head of echolocating harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)
    • Au WW, Kastelein RA, Benoit-Bird KJ, Cranford & McKenna MF TW. Acoustic radiation from the head of echolocating harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). J Exp Biol 209: 2726-2733, 2006.
    • (2006) J Exp Biol , vol.209 , pp. 2726-2733
    • Au, W.W.1    Kastelein, R.A.2    Benoit-Bird, K.J.3    Cranford4    McKenna, M.T.5
  • 5
    • 0021354338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bolanowski SJJr Zwislocki JJ. Intensity and frequency characteristics of Pacinian corpuscles. II. Receptor potentials. J Neurophysiol 51: 812-830, 1984.
    • Bolanowski SJJr Zwislocki JJ. Intensity and frequency characteristics of Pacinian corpuscles. II. Receptor potentials. J Neurophysiol 51: 812-830, 1984.
  • 6
    • 34648843558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution, density and three dimensional histomorphology of Pacinian Corpuscles in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) foot and their potential role in detecting seismic information
    • In press
    • Bouley DM, Alarcon C, Hildebrandt T, O'Connell-Rodwell CE. The distribution, density and three dimensional histomorphology of Pacinian Corpuscles in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) foot and their potential role in detecting seismic information. J Anat. In press.
    • J Anat
    • Bouley, D.M.1    Alarcon, C.2    Hildebrandt, T.3    O'Connell-Rodwell, C.E.4
  • 7
    • 0033213671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nose that looks like a hand and acts like an eye: The unusual mechanosensory system of the star-nosed mole
    • Catania KC. A nose that looks like a hand and acts like an eye: the unusual mechanosensory system of the star-nosed mole. J Comp Physiol [A] 185: 367-372, 1999.
    • (1999) J Comp Physiol [A] , vol.185 , pp. 367-372
    • Catania, K.C.1
  • 8
    • 34548250879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crader DC. Recent single-carcass bone scatters and the problem of butchery sites in the archaeological record. In: Animals and Archeology. 1: Hunters and Their Prey, edited by Clutton-Brock J, Grigson C. Oxford, UK: BAR International Series No. 163, 1983, p. 107-141, 1983.
    • Crader DC. Recent single-carcass bone scatters and the problem of "butchery" sites in the archaeological record. In: Animals and Archeology. Volume 1: Hunters and Their Prey, edited by Clutton-Brock J, Grigson C. Oxford, UK: BAR International Series No. 163, 1983, p. 107-141, 1983.
  • 10
    • 0025106315 scopus 로고
    • Un trait unique de l'oreille des elephants et des sireniens (Mammalia): Un paradoxe phylogenetique
    • Fischer MS. Un trait unique de l'oreille des elephants et des sireniens (Mammalia): un paradoxe phylogenetique. CR Acad Sci Paris 311: 157-162, 1990.
    • (1990) CR Acad Sci Paris , vol.311 , pp. 157-162
    • Fischer, M.S.1
  • 11
    • 0002439510 scopus 로고
    • Auditory patterns
    • Fletcher H. Auditory patterns. Rev Mod Phys 12: 47-65, 1940.
    • (1940) Rev Mod Phys , vol.12 , pp. 47-65
    • Fletcher, H.1
  • 12
    • 0033545922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The developing renal, reproductive, and respiratory systems of the African elephant suggest an aquatic ancestry
    • Gaeth AP, Short RV, Renfree MB. The developing renal, reproductive, and respiratory systems of the African elephant suggest an aquatic ancestry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 5555-5558, 1999.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 5555-5558
    • Gaeth, A.P.1    Short, R.V.2    Renfree, M.B.3
  • 13
    • 0033010047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The underwater audiogram of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus)
    • Gerstein ER, Gerstein L, Forsythe SE, Blue JE. The underwater audiogram of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). J Acoust Soc Am 105: 3575-3583, 1999.
    • (1999) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.105 , pp. 3575-3583
    • Gerstein, E.R.1    Gerstein, L.2    Forsythe, S.E.3    Blue, J.E.4
  • 14
    • 84953650495 scopus 로고
    • Critical bandwidth and the frequency coordinates of the basilar membrane
    • Greenwood D. Critical bandwidth and the frequency coordinates of the basilar membrane. J Acoust Soc Am 33: 1344-1356, 1961.
    • (1961) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.33 , pp. 1344-1356
    • Greenwood, D.1
  • 15
    • 0022531077 scopus 로고
    • Vibration-evoked responses from lamellated corpuscles in the legs of kangaroos
    • Gregory JE, McIntyre AK, Proske U. Vibration-evoked responses from lamellated corpuscles in the legs of kangaroos. Exp Brain Res 62: 648-653, 1986.
    • (1986) Exp Brain Res , vol.62 , pp. 648-653
    • Gregory, J.E.1    McIntyre, A.K.2    Proske, U.3
  • 16
    • 4143128904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic waves from elephant vocalizations: A possible communication mode? Geophys Res Lett
    • 31: L11602
    • Gunther RH, O'Connell-Rodwell CE, Klemperer SL. Seismic waves from elephant vocalizations: a possible communication mode? Geophys Res Lett 31: L11602, 1-4, 2004.
    • (2004) , pp. 1-4
    • Gunther, R.H.1    O'Connell-Rodwell, C.E.2    Klemperer, S.L.3
  • 17
    • 0011491111 scopus 로고
    • Noise-masked thresholds as a function of tonal duration and masking noise band-width
    • Hamilton PM. Noise-masked thresholds as a function of tonal duration and masking noise band-width. J Acoust Soc Am 29: 506-511, 1957.
    • (1957) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.29 , pp. 506-511
    • Hamilton, P.M.1
  • 18
    • 0035662394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive behavior in Asian elephants: Use and modification of branches for fly switching
    • Hart BL, Hart LA, McCoy M, Sarath CR. Cognitive behavior in Asian elephants: use and modification of branches for fly switching. Anim Behav 62: 839-847, 2001.
    • (2001) Anim Behav , vol.62 , pp. 839-847
    • Hart, B.L.1    Hart, L.A.2    McCoy, M.3    Sarath, C.R.4
  • 20
    • 0020346708 scopus 로고
    • Hearing in the elephant (Elephas maximus): Absolute sensitivity, frequency discrimination, and sound localization
    • Heffner RS, Heffner HE. Hearing in the elephant (Elephas maximus): absolute sensitivity, frequency discrimination, and sound localization. J Comp Physiol Psychol 96: 926-944, 1982.
    • (1982) J Comp Physiol Psychol , vol.96 , pp. 926-944
    • Heffner, R.S.1    Heffner, H.E.2
  • 21
    • 0037609418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unifying basis of auditory thresholds based on temporal summation
    • Heil P, Neubauer H. A unifying basis of auditory thresholds based on temporal summation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 6151-6156, 2003.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 6151-6156
    • Heil, P.1    Neubauer, H.2
  • 22
    • 34548239631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jackson VA. Panic in elephants during an earthquake. J Bombay Natural Hist Soc 26: 285, 1918.
    • Jackson VA. Panic in elephants during an earthquake. J Bombay Natural Hist Soc 26: 285, 1918.
  • 23
    • 34548271385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketten DR, Odell DK, Domning DP. Structure, function and adaptation of the manatee ear. In J. Thomas et al., (eds.), Marine Mammal Sensory Systems, edited by Thomas JA, Kastelein RA, Ya Supin A. New York: Plenum Press, 1992, p. 77-95.
    • Ketten DR, Odell DK, Domning DP. Structure, function and adaptation of the manatee ear. In J. Thomas et al., (eds.), Marine Mammal Sensory Systems, edited by Thomas JA, Kastelein RA, Ya Supin A. New York: Plenum Press, 1992, p. 77-95.
  • 24
    • 0002346052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cetacean ears
    • edited by Au WWL, Popper AN, Fay RR. New York: Springer
    • Ketten DR. Cetacean ears. In: Hearing by Whales and Dolphins, edited by Au WWL, Popper AN, Fay RR. New York: Springer, 2000, p. 43-108.
    • (2000) Hearing by Whales and Dolphins , pp. 43-108
    • Ketten, D.R.1
  • 25
    • 0034553319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elephant communication
    • Langbauer WR Jr. Elephant communication. Zoo Biol 19: 425-445, 2000.
    • (2000) Zoo Biol , vol.19 , pp. 425-445
    • Langbauer Jr., W.R.1
  • 26
    • 0003132208 scopus 로고
    • African elephants respond to distant playbacks of low-frequency conspecific calls
    • Langbauer, WR Jr, Payne KB, Charif RA, Rapaport F, Osborn L. African elephants respond to distant playbacks of low-frequency conspecific calls. J Exp Biol 157: 35-46, 1991.
    • (1991) J Exp Biol , vol.157 , pp. 35-46
    • Langbauer Jr, W.R.1    Payne, K.B.2    Charif, R.A.3    Rapaport, F.4    Osborn, L.5
  • 27
    • 0037625238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leong KM, Ortolani A, Burks KD, Mellen JD, Savage A. Quantifying acoustic and temporal characteristics of vocalizations for a group of captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Bioacoust 13: 213-232, 2003.
    • Leong KM, Ortolani A, Burks KD, Mellen JD, Savage A. Quantifying acoustic and temporal characteristics of vocalizations for a group of captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Bioacoust 13: 213-232, 2003.
  • 28
    • 0031048356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory innervation of the cat knee articular capsule and cruciate ligament visualised using anterogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase
    • Madey SM, Cole KJ, Brand RA. Sensory innervation of the cat knee articular capsule and cruciate ligament visualised using anterogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. J Anat 190: 289-97, 1997.
    • (1997) J Anat , vol.190 , pp. 289-297
    • Madey, S.M.1    Cole, K.J.2    Brand, R.A.3
  • 30
    • 0002925798 scopus 로고
    • Vibrational communication
    • edited by Huber F, Markl H. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Markl H. Vibrational communication. In: Neuroethology and Behavioral Physiology, edited by Huber F, Markl H. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1983, p. 332-353.
    • (1983) Neuroethology and Behavioral Physiology , pp. 332-353
    • Markl, H.1
  • 31
    • 85047674816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic sensitivity in the desert golden mole (Eremitalpa granti): A review
    • Mason MJ Narins PM. Seismic sensitivity in the desert golden mole (Eremitalpa granti): a review. J Comp Psychol 116: 158-163, 2002.
    • (2002) J Comp Psychol , vol.116 , pp. 158-163
    • Mason, M.J.1    Narins, P.M.2
  • 32
    • 0035917841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matriarchs as repositories of social knowledge in African elephants
    • McComb K, Moss C, Durant SM, Baker S, Sayialel L. Matriarchs as repositories of social knowledge in African elephants. Science 292: 491-494, 2001.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 491-494
    • McComb, K.1    Moss, C.2    Durant, S.M.3    Baker, S.4    Sayialel, L.5
  • 33
    • 0037324469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-distance communicationof acoustic cues to social identity in African elephants
    • McComb K, Reby D, Baker L, Moss C, Sayialel S. Long-distance communicationof acoustic cues to social identity in African elephants. Anim Behav 65: 317-329, 2003.
    • (2003) Anim Behav , vol.65 , pp. 317-329
    • McComb, K.1    Reby, D.2    Baker, L.3    Moss, C.4    Sayialel, S.5
  • 34
    • 0020860966 scopus 로고
    • Oestrous behavior and female choice in the African elephant
    • Moss CJ. Oestrous behavior and female choice in the African elephant. Behaviour 86: 167-196, 1983.
    • (1983) Behaviour , vol.86 , pp. 167-196
    • Moss, C.J.1
  • 35
    • 0030834581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of seismic signals by fossorial southern African mammals: A neuroethological gold mine
    • Narins PM, Lewis ER, Jarvis JJUM, O'Riain J. The use of seismic signals by fossorial southern African mammals: a neuroethological gold mine. Brain Res Bull 44: 641-646, 1997.
    • (1997) Brain Res Bull , vol.44 , pp. 641-646
    • Narins, P.M.1    Lewis, E.R.2    Jarvis, J.J.U.M.3    O'Riain, J.4
  • 36
    • 0026490747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narins PM, Reichman OJ, Jarvis JUM, Lewis ER. Seismic signal transmission between burrows of the cape mole-rat Georychus capensis. J Comp Physiol [A] 170: 13-22, 1992.
    • Narins PM, Reichman OJ, Jarvis JUM, Lewis ER. Seismic signal transmission between burrows of the cape mole-rat Georychus capensis. J Comp Physiol [A] 170: 13-22, 1992.
  • 37
    • 0026364464 scopus 로고
    • Seismic communication in a blind subterranean mammal. A major somatosensory mechanism in adaptive evolution underground
    • Nevo E, Heth G, Pratt H. Seismic communication in a blind subterranean mammal. A major somatosensory mechanism in adaptive evolution underground. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 1256-1260, 1991.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 1256-1260
    • Nevo, E.1    Heth, G.2    Pratt, H.3
  • 38
    • 34548218668 scopus 로고
    • Effect of earthquake on elephants
    • Nicholls F. Effect of earthquake on elephants. J Bombay Natural Hist Soc 53: 585, 1955.
    • (1955) J Bombay Natural Hist Soc , vol.53 , pp. 585
    • Nicholls, F.1
  • 39
    • 0002656709 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of acoustic mechanisms in odontocete cetaceans
    • edited by Drake ET. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
    • Norris KS. The evolution of acoustic mechanisms in odontocete cetaceans. In: Evolution and Environment, edited by Drake ET. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 1968, p. 297-324.
    • (1968) Evolution and Environment , pp. 297-324
    • Norris, K.S.1
  • 40
    • 34548204778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild African elephants (Loxodonta Africana) discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar conspecific seismic alarm calls
    • In press
    • O'Connell-Rodwell CE, Wood JD, Kinzley C, Rodwell TC, Poole S, Puria JH. Wild African elephants (Loxodonta Africana) discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar conspecific seismic alarm calls. JASA. In press.
    • JASA
    • O'Connell-Rodwell, C.E.1    Wood, J.D.2    Kinzley, C.3    Rodwell, T.C.4    Poole, S.5    Puria, J.H.6
  • 42
    • 33746315429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the potential use of seismic waves as a communication channel by elephants and other large mammals
    • O'Connell-Rodwell CE, Hart LA, Arnason BT. Exploring the potential use of seismic waves as a communication channel by elephants and other large mammals. Am Zool 41: 1157-1170, 2001.
    • (2001) Am Zool , vol.41 , pp. 1157-1170
    • O'Connell-Rodwell, C.E.1    Hart, L.A.2    Arnason, B.T.3
  • 43
    • 0033674474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic properties of elephant vocalizations and locomotion
    • O'Connell-Rodwell CE, Arnason B, Hart LA. Seismic properties of elephant vocalizations and locomotion. J Acoust Soc Am 108: 3066-3072, 2000.
    • (2000) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.108 , pp. 3066-3072
    • O'Connell-Rodwell, C.E.1    Arnason, B.2    Hart, L.A.3
  • 44
    • 0033006669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to "Elephant hearing" [see comments]
    • O'Connell CE, Hart LA, Arnason B. Response to "Elephant hearing" [see comments]. J Acoust Soc Am 105: 2051-2052, 1999.
    • (1999) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.105 , pp. 2051-2052
    • O'Connell, C.E.1    Hart, L.A.2    Arnason, B.3
  • 46
    • 0024179578 scopus 로고
    • The social contexts of some very low frequency calls of African elephants
    • Poole JH, Payne K, Langbauer WR Jr, Moss CJ. The social contexts of some very low frequency calls of African elephants. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 22: 385-392, 1988.
    • (1988) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.22 , pp. 385-392
    • Poole, J.H.1    Payne, K.2    Langbauer Jr, W.R.3    Moss, C.J.4
  • 47
    • 0032191072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic communication signals in the blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi): Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence for their processing by the auditory system
    • Rado R, Terkel J, Wollberg Z. Seismic communication signals in the blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi): electrophysiological and behavioral evidence for their processing by the auditory system. J Comp Physiol [A] 183: 503-511, 1998.
    • (1998) J Comp Physiol [A] , vol.183 , pp. 503-511
    • Rado, R.1    Terkel, J.2    Wollberg, Z.3
  • 49
    • 33746275896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and function of drumming as communication in mammals
    • Randall JA. Evolution and function of drumming as communication in mammals. Am Zool 41: 1143-1156, 2001.
    • (2001) Am Zool , vol.41 , pp. 1143-1156
    • Randall, J.A.1
  • 50
    • 0030805467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) footdrum at snakes?
    • Randall MD, Matocq JA. Why do kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) footdrum at snakes? Behav Ecol 8: 404-413, 1997.
    • (1997) Behav Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 404-413
    • Randall, M.D.1    Matocq, J.A.2
  • 51
    • 0024882835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randall JA. Individual footdrumming signatures in banner-tailed kangaroo rats Dipodomys spectabilis. Anim Behav 38: 620-630, 1989.
    • Randall JA. Individual footdrumming signatures in banner-tailed kangaroo rats Dipodomys spectabilis. Anim Behav 38: 620-630, 1989.
  • 52
    • 0029839815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensorineural specializations of the trunk tip (finger) of the asian elephant
    • Rasmussen LEL, Munger BL. The sensorineural specializations of the trunk tip (finger) of the asian elephant, Elephas maximus. Anat Rec 246: 127-134, 1996.
    • (1996) Elephas maximus. Anat Rec , vol.246 , pp. 127-134
    • Rasmussen, L.E.L.1    Munger, B.L.2
  • 53
    • 0026661369 scopus 로고
    • Progressive improvement in discriminative abilities in adult Owl Monkeys performing a tactile frequency discrimination task
    • Recanzone GH, Jenkins WM, Hradek GT, Merzenich MM. Progressive improvement in discriminative abilities in adult Owl Monkeys performing a tactile frequency discrimination task. J Neurophysiol 67: 1015-1030, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurophysiol , vol.67 , pp. 1015-1030
    • Recanzone, G.H.1    Jenkins, W.M.2    Hradek, G.T.3    Merzenich, M.M.4
  • 55
    • 0029900191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of the cutaneous sensory organs
    • Saxod R. Ontogeny of the cutaneous sensory organs. Microsc Res Tech 34: 313-333, 1996.
    • (1996) Microsc Res Tech , vol.34 , pp. 313-333
    • Saxod, R.1
  • 56
    • 0002751627 scopus 로고
    • Seismic communication in northern elephant seals
    • edited by Thomas JA, Kastelein RA, Supin AY. New York: Plenum
    • Shipley C, Stewart BS, Bass J. Seismic communication in northern elephant seals. In: Marine Mammal Sensory Systems, edited by Thomas JA, Kastelein RA, Supin AY. New York: Plenum, 1992, p. 553-562.
    • (1992) Marine Mammal Sensory Systems , pp. 553-562
    • Shipley, C.1    Stewart, B.S.2    Bass, J.3
  • 57
    • 0031762005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding proboscidean evolution: A formidable task
    • Shoshani J. Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task. Trends Ecol Evol 13: 480-487, 1998.
    • (1998) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.13 , pp. 480-487
    • Shoshani, J.1
  • 58
    • 33644547357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African elephant vocal communication I: Antiphonal calling behavior among affiliated females
    • Soltis J, Leong K, Savage A. African elephant vocal communication I: antiphonal calling behavior among affiliated females. Anim Behav 70: 579-587, 2005.
    • (2005) Anim Behav , vol.70 , pp. 579-587
    • Soltis, J.1    Leong, K.2    Savage, A.3
  • 60
    • 0035098904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the neurotrophin receptors p75 and trkB in peripheral mechanoreceptors; observations on changes after injury
    • Stark B, Risling M, Carlstedt T. Distribution of the neurotrophin receptors p75 and trkB in peripheral mechanoreceptors; observations on changes after injury. Exp Brain Res 136: 101-117, 2001.
    • (2001) Exp Brain Res , vol.136 , pp. 101-117
    • Stark, B.1    Risling, M.2    Carlstedt, T.3
  • 61
    • 0037327122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors contributing to bone conduction: The outer ear
    • Stenfelt S, Wild T, Hato N, Goode RL. Factors contributing to bone conduction: the outer ear. J Acoust Soc Am 113: 902-913, 2003.
    • (2003) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.113 , pp. 902-913
    • Stenfelt, S.1    Wild, T.2    Hato, N.3    Goode, R.L.4
  • 63
    • 0015228672 scopus 로고
    • Unique lipids of the porpoise (Tursiops gilli): Differences in triacylglycerols and wax esters of acoustic (mandibular canal and melon) and blubber tissues
    • Varanasi U, Malin DC. Unique lipids of the porpoise (Tursiops gilli): differences in triacylglycerols and wax esters of acoustic (mandibular canal and melon) and blubber tissues. Biochem J 231: 415-418, 1971.
    • (1971) Biochem J , vol.231 , pp. 415-418
    • Varanasi, U.1    Malin, D.C.2
  • 64
    • 0016682857 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis for formation of lipid sound lens in echolocating cetaceans
    • Varanasi U, Feldman HR, Malin DC. Molecular basis for formation of lipid sound lens in echolocating cetaceans. Nature 255: 340-343, 1975.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.255 , pp. 340-343
    • Varanasi, U.1    Feldman, H.R.2    Malin, D.C.3
  • 65
    • 34548214112 scopus 로고
    • Frequency analysis in the cochleas of various animals
    • edited by Wever EG. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • von Bekesy G. Frequency analysis in the cochleas of various animals. In: Experiments in Hearing, edited by Wever EG. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1944/1960, p. 500-510.
    • (1944) Experiments in Hearing , pp. 500-510
    • von Bekesy, G.1
  • 67
    • 33750296004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral response of satellite collared elephants to the tsunami in southern Sri Lanka
    • Wikramanayake E,. Fernando P, Leimgruber P. Behavioral response of satellite collared elephants to the tsunami in southern Sri Lanka. Biotropica 38: 775-777, 2006.
    • (2006) Biotropica , vol.38 , pp. 775-777
    • Wikramanayake, E.1    Fernando, P.2    Leimgruber, P.3
  • 68
    • 21244431996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using seismic sensors to detect elephants and other large mammals: A novel censusing technique for wildlife managers
    • Wood JD, O'Connell-Rodwell CE, Klemperer S. Using seismic sensors to detect elephants and other large mammals: a novel censusing technique for wildlife managers. J Appl Ecol 42: 587-594, 2005.
    • (2005) J Appl Ecol , vol.42 , pp. 587-594
    • Wood, J.D.1    O'Connell-Rodwell, C.E.2    Klemperer, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.