Compatibility between tribological surfaces and lubricant additives-How friction and wear reduction can be controlled by surface/lube synergies

Tribology International

Volumn 40, Issue 10-12 SPEC. ISS., 2007, Pages 1680-1695

  Neville, A ^a   Morina, A ^a   Haque, T ^a   Voong, M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b Cummins Turbo Technologies   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Lubrication; Surface coatings; Tribochemistry

Indexed keywords

ADDITIVES; AUTOMOBILE ENGINES; ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS; FRICTION; PROTECTIVE COATINGS; TRIBOLOGY; WEAR RESISTANCE;

LUBE SYNERGIES; SURFACE COATINGS; TRIBOCHEMISTRY;

LUBRICANTS;

EID: 34548178665     PISSN: 0301679X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2007.01.019     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Korcek S., Sorab J., Johnson M.D., and Jensen R.K. Automotive lubricants for the next millennium. Ind Lubr Tribol 52 5 (2000) 209-220
2. Erdemir A. Review of engineered tribological interfaces for improved boundary lubrication. Tribol Int 38 (2005) 249-256
3. Priest M., and Taylor C.M. Automobile engine tribology-approaching the surface. Wear 241 2 (2000) 193-203
4. Enomoto Y., and Yamamoto T. New materials in automotive tribology. Tribol Lett 5 (1998) 13-24
5. Tung S.C., and McMillan M.L. Automotive tribology overview of current advances and challenges for the future. Tribol Int 37 7 (2004) 517-536
6. Taylor B.J., and Eyre T.S. A review of piston ring and cylinder liner materials. Tribol Int 12 2 (1979) 79-89
7. Becker E.P. Trends in tribological materials and engine technology. Tribol Int 37 7 (2004) 569-575
8. Yoshida H. Effects of surface treatments on piston ring friction force and wear. SAE paper 900589, 1990.
9. Dahotre N.B., and Nayak S. Nanocoatings for engine application. Surf Coat Technol 194 1 (2005) 58-67
10. Prasad S.V., and Asthana R. Aluminum metal-matrix composites for automotive applications: tribological considerations. Tribol Lett 17 3 (2004) 445-453
11. McCune GAW R.C. Encyclopedia of materials: science and technology. Automot Engine Mater (2004) 426-434
12. Willson D. SinterCast and the engine of the future. 〈http://www.valuerichonlinecom/mag/04fall/storyphp?id=NOsintercast〉 2004.
13. Taylor RC. Valve train lubrication analysis, vehicle tribology. In: Proceedings of the 17th Leeds-Lyon symposium on tribology, 1991, p. 119-31.
14. Nakamura Y, Egami YS. Development of an assembled camshaft by mechanical bonding. Special publication SP-1138, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 1996, SAE paper 960302.
15. Eyre T.S., and Crawley B. Camshaft and cam follower materials. Tribol Int 13 4 (1980) 147-152
16. Kano M., and Tanimoto I. Wear mechanism of high wear-resistant materials for automotive valve trains. Wear 151 2 (1991) 229-243
17. Masuda M, Ujino M, Shimoda K, Nishida K, Marumoto I, Moriyama Y. Development of titanium nitride coated shim for a direct acting OHC engine. SAE paper 970002, 1997.
18. Schamel AR, Grishje M, Bethke R. Amorphous carbon coatings for low friction and wear and bucket tappet valvetrains. SAE paper 970004, 1997.
19. Podgornik B., Jacobson S., and Hogmark S. Influence of EP additive concentration on the tribological behaviour of DLC-coated steel surfaces. Surf Coat Technol 191 2-3 (2005) 357-366
20. Podgornik B., Jacobson S., and Hogmark S. DLC coating of boundary lubricated components-advantages of coating one of the contact surfaces rather than both or none. Tribol Int 36 11 (2003) 843-849
21. Gangopadhyay A., Soltis E., and Johnson M.D. Valvetrain friction and wear: influence of surface engineering and lubricants. Proc Instn Mech Engrs, J Eng Tribol 218 Part J (2004) 147-156
22. Johnston S.V., and Hainsworth S.V. Effect of DLC coatings on wear in automotive applications. Surf Eng 21 1 (2005) 67-71
23. Miller W.S., Zhuang L., Bottema J., Wittebrood A.J., Smet P.D., Haszler A., et al. Recent development in aluminium alloys for the automotive industry. Mater Sci Eng A 280 1 (2000) 37-49
24. Malaczynski G.W., Hamdi A.H., Elmoursi A.A., and Qiu X. Diamond-like carbon coating for aluminum 390 alloy-automotive applications. Surf Coat Technol 93 2-3 (1997) 280-286
25. Clyne T.W., and Peng X.L. Residual stress and debonding of DLC films on metallic substrates. Diamond Relat Mater 7 7 (1998) 944-950
26. Nie X., Wilson A., Leyland A., and Matthews A. Deposition of duplex Al2O3/DLC coatings on Al alloys for tribological applications using a combined micro-arc oxidation and plasma-immersion ioj implantation technique. Surf Coat Technol 131 1-3 (2000) 506-513
27. Ronkainen H., Varjus S., and Holmberg K. Friction and wear properties in dry, water- and oil-lubricated DLC against alumina and DLC against steel contacts. Wear 222 2 (1998) 120-128
28. Kodali P., Walter K.C., and Nastasi M. Investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of amorphous diamond-like carbon coatings. Tribol Int 30 8 (1997) 591-598
29. Hauert R. An overview on the tribological behavior of diamond-like carbon in technical and medical applications. Tribol Int 37 11-12 (2004) 991-1003
30. Gåhlin R. ME-C:H coatings in motor vehicles. Wear 249 3-4 (2001) 302-309
31. Liu Y., Erdemir A., and Meletis E.I. Influence of environmental parameters on the frictional behavior of DLC coatings. Surf Coat Technol (1997) 94-95 [463-8]
32. Enke K., Dimigen H., and Hubsch H. Frictional properties of diamondlike carbon layers. Appl Phys Lett 36 4 (1980) 291-292
33. Hogmark S., Jacobson S., and Larsson M. Design and evaluation of tribological coatings. Wear 246 1-2 (2000) 20-33
34. Voevodin A.A., and Zabinski J.S. Nanocomposite and nanostructured tribological materials for spacet. Compos Sci Technol 65 5 (2005) 741-748
35. Liu Y., Erdemir A., and Meletis E.I. An investigation of the relationship between graphitization and frictional behavior of DLC coatings. Surf Coat Technol 86-87 1-3 Part 2 (1996) 564-568
36. Bremond F., Fournier P., and Platon F. Test temperature effect on the tribological behavior of DLC-coated 100C6-steel couples in dry friction. Wear 254 7-8 (2003) 774-783
37. Vanhulsel A., Blanpain B., Celis J.P., Roos J., Dekempeneer E., and Smeets J. Study of the wear behaviour of diamond-like coatings at elevated temperatures. Surf Coat Technol 98 1-3 (1998) 1047-1052
38. Erdemir A., and Fenske G.R. Tribological performance of diamond and diamondlike carbon films at evaluated temperatures. Tribol Trans 39 4 (1996) 787-794
39. Ronkainen H., Varjus S., and Holmberg K. Tribological performance of different DLC coatings in water-lubricated conditions. Wear 249 3-4 (2001) 267-271
40. Xue Q., and Liu W. Tribochemistry and the development of AW and EP oil additives-a review. Lubr Sci 7 1 (1994) 81-92
41. Wei D. Future directions of fundamental research in additive tribochemistry. Lubr Sci 7 3 (1995) 211-232
42. Barnes A.M., Bartle K.D., and Thibon V.R.A. A review of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs): characterisation and role in the lubricating oil. Tribol Int 24 (2001) 389-395
43. Spikes H. The history and mechanisms of ZDDP. Tribol Lett 17 3 (2004) 469-489
44. Nicholls M.A., Dao T., Norton P.R., Kasrai M., and Bancroft G.M. Review of the lubrication of metallic surfaces by zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphates. Tribol Int 38 1 (2005) 15-39
45. Bell J.C., Delargy K.M., and Seeney A.M. The removal of substrate material through thick zinc dithiophosphate antiwear films. In: Dowson D., et al. (Ed). Tribology series, 21, wear particles: from the cradle to the grave (1992), Elsevier, Amsterdam 387-396
46. Martin J.M. Lubricant additives and the chemistry of rubbing surfaces: metal dithiophosphates triboreaction films revisited. Jpn J Tribol 42 9 (1997)
47. Martin J.M., Grossiord C., Mogne T.L., Bec S., and Tonck A. The two-layer structure of Zndtp tribofilms Part I. AES, XPS and XANES analyses. Tribol Int 34 (2001) 523-530
48. Martin J.M. Antiwear mechanisms of zinc dithiophosphate: a chemical hardness approach. Tribol Lett 6 (1999) 1-8
49. Fuller M.L.S., Kasrai M., Bancroft G.M., Fyfe K., and Tan K.H. Solution decomposition of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and its effect on antiwear and thermal film formation studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Tribol Int 31 10 (1998) 627-644
50. Bancroft G.M., Kasrai M., Fuller M., Yin Z., Fyfe K., and Tan K.H. Mechanisms of tribochemical film formation: stability of tribo- and thermally-generated ZDDP films. Tribol Lett 3 (1997) 47-51
51. Varlot K., Kasrai M., Martin J.M., Vacher B., Bancroft G.M., Yamaguchi E.S., et al. Antiwear film formation of neutral and basic ZDDP: influence of the reaction temperature and of the concentration. Tribol Lett 8 (2000) 9-16
52. Belin M., and Martin J.M. Local order in surface ZDDP reaction films generated on engine parts, using EXAFS and related techniques. Lubr Sci 8-1 (1995)
53. Rudnick L. Lubricant additives: chemistry and applications (2003), Marcel Dekker, New York
54. ATC. Lubricant additives and the environment. Document 49, 1993.
55. Mortier R. Gasoline engine lubricants, Chapter for institute of petroleum book, 1999.
56. Mitchell P.C.H. Oil-soluble Mo-S compounds as lubricant additives. Wear 100 (1984) 281-300
57. Lansdown A.R. Molybdenum disulphide lubrication (1999), Elsevier, Amsterdam
58. Yamamoto Y., and Gondo S. Friction and wear characteristics of molybdenum dithiocarbamate and molybdenum dithiophosphate. Tribol Trans 32 2 (1989) 251-257
59. Davis F.A., and Eyre T.S. The effect of a friction modifier on piston ring and cylinder bore friction and wear. Tribol Int 23 3 (1990) 163-171
60. Martin J.M., Mogne T.L., Grossiord C., and Palermo T. Tribochemistry of ZDDP and MoDDP chemisorbed films. Tribol Lett 2 (1996) 313-326
61. Graham J., Spikes H., and Korcek S. The friction reducing properties of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate additives: Part I-factors influencing friction reduction. Tribol Trans 44 4 (2001) 626-636
62. Graham J., Spikes H., and Jensen R. The friction reducing properties of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate additives: Part II-durability of friction reducing capability. Tribol Trans 44 4 (2001) 637-647
63. Martin J.M., Mogne T.L., Boehm M., and Grossiord C. Tribochemistry in the analytical UHV tribometer. Tribol Int 32 (1999) 617-626
64. 2 formation and selective transfer from MoDTP films. Surf Coat Technol 108-109 (1998) 352-359
65. 2 single sheet lubrication by molybdenum dithiocarbamate. Tribol Int 31 12 (1998) 737-743
66. Miklozic K.T., Graham J., and Spikes H. Chemical and physical analysis of reaction films formed by molybdenum dialkyl-dithiocarbamate friction modifier additive using Raman and atomic force microscopy. Tribol Lett 11 2 (2001) 71-81
67. Gondo S., and Yamamoto Y. Mechanism of the surface film formation of molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) and effect of rubbing materials. Jpn J Tribol 36 3 (1991) 323-333
68. Morina A. Lubricant additive interactions, surface reactions and the link to tribological performance in engines. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University; 2005.
69. Yamamoto Y., and Gondo S. On properties of surface films formed with molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) under different conditions. Jpn J Tribol 36 3 (1991) 309-321
70. Morina A., Neville A., Priest M., and Green J.H. ZDDP and MoDTC interactions and their effect on tribological performance-tribofilm characteristics and its evolution. Tribol Lett 24 3 (2006) 243-256
71. Morina A, Neville A, Green JH, Priest M. Additive/additive interactions in boundary lubrication-a study of film formation and tenacity. In: Proceedings of the 31st Leeds-Lyon symposium on tribology, life cycle tribology: 2004, Leeds UK: Elsevier; 2004. p. 757-66.
72. Isoyama H., and Sakurai T. The lubricating mechanism of di-u-thio-dithio-bis (diethyldithiocarbamate) dimolybdenum during extreme pressure lubrication. Tribol Int 7 (1974) 151-160
73. Forbes E.S. The load-carrying action of organo-sulphur compounds-a review. Wear 15 (1970) 87-96
74. Kano M, Yasuda Y. The effect of ZDDP and MoDTC additives on friction properties of DLC-coated and steel cam follower in engine oil 〈http://wwwoetgat/website/wtc2001cd/html/m-27-11-230-kanopdf〉 (accessed on 22 June 2006) 2005.
75. Barros-Bouchet M.I.D., Martin J.M., Le-Mogne T., and Vacher B. Boundary lubrication mechanisms of carbon coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP additives. Tribol Int 38 3 (2005) 257-264
76. Miyake S., Saito T., Yasuda Y., Okamoto Y., and Kano M. Improvement of boundary lubrication properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films due to metal addition. Tribol Int 37 9 (2004) 751-761
77. Donnet C. Recent progress on the tribology of doped diamond-like and carbon alloy coating. Surf Coat Technol 100-101 (1998) 180-186
78. Fontaine J., Donnet C., Grill A., and LeMogne T. Tribochemistry between hydrogen and diamond-like carbon films. Surf Coat Technol 146-147 (2001) 286-291
79. Yasuda Y, Kano M, Mabuchi Y, Abou S. Diamond-like carbon coatings for low-friction valve lifter. SAE paper 2003-01-1101, 2003.
80. Mabuchi Y, Kano M, Hamada T, Yasuda Y. The development of diamond-like carbon coated valvelifter for engine friction reduction. In: Synopses of the international tribology conference, Kobe, 2005:A-5.
81. Ban M., Ryoji M., Fuji S., and Fujioka J. Tribological characteristics of Si-containing diamond-like carbon films under oil-lubrication. Wear 253 3-4 (2002) 331-338
82. Rincón C., Zambrano G., Carvajal A., Prieto P., Galindo H., Martínez E., et al. Tungsten carbide/diamond-like carbon multilayer coatings on steel for tribological applications. Surf Coat Technol 148 2-3 (2001) 277-283
83. Rosado L., Jain V.K., and Trivedi H.K. The effect of diamond-like carbon coatings on the rolling fatigue and wear of M50 steel. Wear 212 1 (1997) 1-6
84. Podgornik B. Coated machine elements-fiction or reality?. Surf Coat Technol 146-147 (2001) 318-323
85. Podgornik B., Hren D., and Vižintin J. Low-friction behaviour of boundary-lubricated diamond-like carbon coatings containing tungsten. Thin Solid Films 476 1 (2005) 92-100
86. Podgornik B., Hren D., Vižintin J., Jacobson S., Stavlid N., and Hogmark S. Combination of DLC coatings and EP additives for improved tribological behaviour of boundary lubricated surfaces. Wear 261 1 (2006) 32-40
87. Podgornik B., and Vižintin J. Tribological reactions between oil additives and DLC coatings for automotive applications. Surf Coat Technol 200 5-6 (2005) 1982-1989
88. Kalin M., and Vizintin J. Differences in the tribological mechanisms when using non-doped, metal-doped (Ti, WC), and non-metal-doped (Si) diamond-like carbon against steel under boundary lubrication, with and without oil additives. Thin Solid Films 515 4 (2006) 2734-2747
89. Miyanaga M, Oda K, Ohara H, Ikegaya A. Friction coefficient of Ti-containing DKC in engine oil. SEI technical review 2005 〈http://www.sei.co.jp/tr/t_technical_pdf/sei10370.pdf〉 (accessed online on 22 June 2006).
90. Stallard J., and Teer D.G. A study of the tribological behaviour of CrN, graphit-iC and dymon-iC coatings under oil lubrication. Surf Coat Technol (2004) 188-189 (525-9)
91. Haque T, Morina A, Kapadia R, Arrowsmith S, Neville A. Non-ferrous coating/lubricant interactions in tribological contacts: assessment of tribofilms. Tribol Int 2006, accepted for publication.
92. Tung S.C., and Gao H. Tribological characteristics and surface interaction between piston ring coatings and a blend of energy-conserving oils and ethanol fuels. Wear 255 7-12 (2003) 1276-1285
93. Hamrock B.J., and Dowson D. Ball bearing lubrication. In: Jacobson B.O. (Ed). The elastohydrodynamics of elliptical contacts (1981), Wiley, London
94. Kasrai M., Cutler J.N., Gore K., Canning G., Bancroft G.M., and Tan K.H. The chemistry of antiwear films generated by the combination of ZDDP and MoDTC examined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Tribol Trans 41 1 (1998) 69-77
95. Muraki M., Yanagi Y., and Sakaguchi K. Synergistic effect on frictional characteristics under rolling-sliding condition due to a combination of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. Tribol Int 30 1 (1997) 69-75
96. Unnikrishnan R., Jain M.C., Harinarayan A.K., and Mehta A.K. Additive-additive interaction: an XPS study of the effect of ZDDP on the AW/EP characteristics of molybdenum based additives. Wear 252 (2002) 240-249
97. Minfray C., Martin J.M., Esnouf C., Mogne T.L., Kersting R., and Hagenhoff B. A multi-technique approach of tribofilm characterisation. Thin Solid Films 447 (2004) 272-277