Observed flow compensation associated with the MOC at 26.5°N in the Atlantic

Science

Volumn 317, Issue 5840, 2007, Pages 938-941

  Kanzow, Torsten ^a   Cunningham, Stuart A ^a   Rayner, Darren ^a   Hirschi, Joël J M ^a   Johns, William E ^b   Baringer, Molly O ^c   Bryden, Harry L ^a   Beal, Lisa M ^b   Meinen, Christopher S ^c   Marotzke, Jochem ^d  

^a NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^c ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; BOTTOM PRESSURE; HEAT TRANSFER; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; OVERTURN; WIND STRESS;

ARTICLE; ATLANTIC COD; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY LAYER; CLIMATE CHANGE; DENSITY; DEPTH PERCEPTION; FLOW COMPENSATION; HEAT TRANSFER; LATITUDE; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; MEASUREMENT; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; MONITORING; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OCEAN CURRENT; PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; UNITED STATES; VALIDITY; WIND;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; STRAITS OF FLORIDA;

EID: 34548136634     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1141293     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. R. Dickson, J. Brown, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 12319 (1994).
2. A. Ganachaud, C. Wunsch, J. Clim. 16, 696 (2003).
3. M. Vellinga, R. A. Wood, Clim. Change 54, 251 (2002).
4. S. Rahmstorf, Nature 421, 699 (2003).
5. H. L. Bryden, H. R. Longworth, S. A. Cunningham, Nature 438, 655 (2005).
6. J. J.-M. Hirschi, P. D. Killworth, J. R. Blundell, J. Phys. Oceanogr. 37, 1246 (2007).
7. S. R. Jayne, J. Marotzke, Rev. Geophys. 39, 385 (2001).
8. B. W. Dong, R. T. Sutton, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 2445 (2001).
9. J. Marotzke, S. A. Cunningham, H. L. Bryden, Monitoring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5°N (Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK, 2002).
10. S. A. Cunningham, RRS Discovery Cruise 277/278 (Report No. 53, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK, 2004).
11. T. Kanzow, U. Send, W. Zenk, A. D. Chave, M. Rhein, Deep-Sea Res. I 53, 528 (2006).
12. W. E. Johns, T. Kanzow, R. Zantopp, Deep-Sea Res. I 52, 1542 (2005).
13. J. C. Larsen, T. B. Sanford, Science 227, 302 (1985).
14. J. Graf et al., Acta Astronaut. 43, 397 (1998).
15. T. Whitworth III, J. Phys. Oceanagr. 13, 2045 (1983).
16. S. A. Cunningham et al., Science 317, 935 (2007).
17. Estimates of variability and uncertainty refer to 1 SD.
18. -1.
19. Statistical significance is stated at a 5% error probability.
20. A. T. Roach et al., J. Geophys. Res. 100, 18443 (1995).
21. T. Kanzow et al., J. Geophys. Res. 110, C09001 (2005).
22. M. Hirose, I. Fukumori, R. M. Ponte, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 2441 (2001).
23. W. Brown, W. Munk, F. Snodgrass, H. Mofjeld, B. Zetler, J. Phys. Oceanogr. 5, 75 (1975).
24. C. S. Meinen, M. O. Baringer, S. L. Garzoli, Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L17610 (2006).
25. C. S. Meinen, Deep-Sea Res. I 48, 1553 (2001).
26. We thank the captains and crews of the research vessels Charles Darwin, Discovery, Ronald Brown, and Knorr and the National Marine Facilities Sea Systems mooring team. The mooring operations have been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, RAPID, and NSF. The Florida Current cable data are made freely available by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent/) and are funded by the NOAA Office of Climate Observations. The wind-stress data were obtained from Centre ERS d'Arguivage et de Traitment the Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploration de la Mer in Plouzané, France.