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Volumn , Issue 24, 2007, Pages 4050-4055

Reductive coupling of aromatic aldehydes promoted by an aqueous TiCl 3/tBuOOH system in alcoholic cosolvents

Author keywords

Aldehydes; Radical chemistry; Reductive dimerization; Substituent effects; Titanium

Indexed keywords


EID: 34548067737     PISSN: 1434193X     EISSN: 10990690     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700252     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (36)
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    • Weber, M.1    Fischer, H.2
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    • H), see: J. C. Scaiano in Landolt-Börnstein: Numerical Data and Functioned Relationships in Science and Technology - New Series: II/13d: Radical Reactions Rates in Liquid (Ed.: H. Fischer), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1984, pp. 12-26.
    • H), see: J. C. Scaiano in Landolt-Börnstein: Numerical Data and Functioned Relationships in Science and Technology - New Series: Vol. II/13d: Radical Reactions Rates in Liquid (Ed.: H. Fischer), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1984, pp. 12-26.
  • 9
    • 33751065347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a recent review on pinacol coupling reaction, see
    • a) For a recent review on pinacol coupling reaction, see: A. Chatteerjee, N. N. Joshi, Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 12137-12158;
    • (2006) Tetrahedron , vol.62 , pp. 12137-12158
    • Chatteerjee, A.1    Joshi, N.N.2
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    • [6]: II/13b, pp. 311-339.
    • [6]: vol. II/13b, pp. 311-339.
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    • -1, respectively.
    • -1, respectively.
  • 21
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    • For a review, see
    • For a review, see: B. R. Roberts, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 25-25.
    • (1999) Chem. Soc. Rev , vol.28 , pp. 25-25
    • Roberts, B.R.1
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    • 2C(OH) radicals are -0.94 and -1.06 V, respectively; a) J. Lilie, G. Beck, A. Henglein, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 458;
    • 2C(OH) radicals are -0.94 and -1.06 V, respectively; a) J. Lilie, G. Beck, A. Henglein, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 458;
  • 24
    • 0000521078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [3a]). However, oxidation of A' by peroxide may well be a competitive reaction (see: E. S. Huyser, C. J. Bredeweg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 2401-2405).
    • [3a]). However, oxidation of A' by peroxide may well be a competitive reaction (see: E. S. Huyser, C. J. Bredeweg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 2401-2405).
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    • [10], pp 7-8).
    • [10], pp 7-8).
  • 28
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    • ESR coupling constants show that para substitution stabilizes, whereas meta substitution destabilizes benzyl radical. J. M. Dust, D. R. Arnold, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 1221-1227.
    • ESR coupling constants show that para substitution stabilizes, whereas meta substitution destabilizes benzyl radical. J. M. Dust, D. R. Arnold, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 1221-1227.
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    • 3 is negative, indicating that a methoxy group destabilizes a benzyl radical. Delocalization of the odd electron on the oxygen atom of the methoxyl is only possible by a charge separated structure like Bg′. However, when the donor atom is not a first row element, but a higher period element like Br, derealization of the odd electron becomes possible by expansion of the octet due to low-lying d orbitals. T. H. Fisher, A. W. Meierhoefer, J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 224-228 and references cited therein.
    • 3 is negative, indicating that a methoxy group destabilizes a benzyl radical. Delocalization of the odd electron on the oxygen atom of the methoxyl is only possible by a charge separated structure like Bg′. However, when the donor atom is not a first row element, but a higher period element like Br, derealization of the odd electron becomes possible by expansion of the octet due to low-lying d orbitals. T. H. Fisher, A. W. Meierhoefer, J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 224-228 and references cited therein.
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    • The relevant references for known diols 2 are given in sequence: a 2a and 2g: A. Furstner, R. Csuk, C. Rohrer, H. Weidmann, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1988, 1729-1734;
    • The relevant references for known diols 2 are given in sequence: a) 2a and 2g: A. Furstner, R. Csuk, C. Rohrer, H. Weidmann, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1988, 1729-1734;
  • 35
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    • 2e, 2f, and 2d: L. Wang, Y. Zhang, Tetrahedron 1988, 54, 11129-11140;
    • b) 2e, 2f, and 2d: L. Wang, Y. Zhang, Tetrahedron 1988, 54, 11129-11140;
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