Racial prejudice, intergroup hate, and blatant and subtle bias of whites toward blacks in legal decision making in the United States

International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 145-158

  Pearson, Adam R ^a   Dovidio, John F ^a   Pratto, Felicia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Blatant bias; Hate; Racial prejudice; Sternberg's duplex model of hate

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547828726     PISSN: 15777057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Allport GW (1954). The nature of prejudice. New York: Addison-Wesley.
2. Baldus D, Woodworth G & Pulaski C (1990). Equal justice and the death penalty: A legal and empirical analysis. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
3. Baldwin JM (1901/1960). Dictionary of philosophy and psychology. Gloucester, MA: Macmillan.
4. Baron RM & Kenny DA (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
5. Boeckmann RJ & Turpin-Petrosino C (2002). Understanding the harm of hate crimes. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 207-225.
6. Brigham JC (1993). College students' racial attitudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1933-1967.
7. Cogan JC & Marcus-Newhall A (2002). Introduction. Hate crimes: Research, policy, and action. American Behavioral Scientist, 46, 8-13.
8. Cottrell CA & Neuberg SL (2005). Different emotional reactions to different groups: A sociofunctional threat-based approach to 'prejudice'. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 770-789.
9. Craig KM (2002). Examining hate-motivated aggression: A review of the social psychological literature on hate crimes as a distinct form of aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7, 85-101.
10. Darwin C (1872/1969). The expression of emotions in man and animals. New York: Greenwood Press.
11. Dovidio JF, Brigham JC, Johnson BT & Gaertner SL (1996). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination: Another look. In CN Macrae, C Stangor & M Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 276-319). New York: Guilford.
12. Dovidio JF & Gaertner SL (2004). Aversive racism. In MP Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 36, pp. 1-51). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
13. Dovidio JF, Smith JK, Donnella AG & Gaertner SL (1997). Racial attitudes and the death penalty. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 1468-1487.
14. Fitness J & Fletcher GJO (1993). Love, hate, anger, and jealousy in close relationships: A prototype and cognitive appraisal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 942-958.
15. Gaertner SL & Dovidio JF (1986). The aversive form of racism. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc.
16. Gaertner SL, Dovidio JF, Banker B, Rust M, Nier J, Mottola G & Ward C (1997). Does racism necessarily mean anti-Blackness? Aversive racism and pro-Whiteness. In M Fine, L Powell, L Weis & M Wong (Eds.), Off white (pp. 167-178). London: Routledge.
17. Government Accounting Office (1990). Death penalty sentencing: Research indicates pattern of racial disparities (Report to Senate and House Committee on the Judiciary, 101 st Congress, 2nd Session). Washington, DC: Author.
18. Hodson G, Dovidio JF & Gaertner SL (2002). Processes in racial discrimination: Differential weighting of conflicting information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 460-471.
19. Hodson G, Hooper H, Dovidio JF & Gaertner S L (2005). Aversive racism in Britain: Legal decisions and the use of inadmissible evidence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 437-448.
20. Johnson JD, Whitestone E, Jackson LA & Gatto L (1995). Justice is still not colorblind: Differential racial effects of exposure to inadmissible evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 893-898.
21. Kovel J (1970). White racism: A psychohistory. New York, NY: Pantheon.
22. MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Hoffman JM, West SG & Sheets V (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83-104.
23. Pettigrew TF & Meertens RW (1995). Subtle and blatant prejudice in Western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 57-76.
24. Preacher KJ & Hayes AF (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 717-731.
25. Rozin P, Lowery L, Imada S & Haidt J (1999). The cad triad hypothesis: A mapping between three moral emotions (contempt, anger, disgust) and three moral codes (community, autonomy, divinity). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 574-586.
26. Sidanius J, Levin S & Pratto F (1998). Hierarchical group relations, institutional terror, and the dynamics of the criminal justice system. In J Eberhardt & ST Fiske (Eds.), Confronting racism: The problem and the response (pp. 136-165). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
27. Smith ER & Mackie DM (2005). Aggression, hatred, and other emotions. In JF Dovidio, P Glick & LA Rudman (Eds.), On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport (pp. 361-376). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
28. Shrout PE & Bolger N (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445.
29. Staub E (1989). The roots of evil: The origins of genocide and other group violence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
30. Sternberg RJ (2003). A duplex theory of hate: Development and application to terrorism, massacres, and genocide. Review of General Psychology, 7, 299-328.
31. Torres S (1999). Hate crimes against African Americans: The extent of the problem. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 15, 48-63.
32. Zanna MP & Rempel JK (1988) Attitudes: A new look at an old concept. In D Bar-Tal & AW Kruglanski (Eds.), The social psychology of knowledge (pp. 315-334). New York: Cambridge University Press.