Fecal ecology in leaf beetles: Novel records in the African arrow-poison beetles, Diamphidia gerstaecker and Polyclada Chevrolat (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)

Coleopterists Bulletin

Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 297-309

  Chaboo, Caroline S ^a   Grobbelaar, Elizabeth ^b   Larsen, Arne ^c  

^a DIVISION OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY   (United States)

^b PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (South Africa)

^c NONE   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEETLE; DEFENSE BEHAVIOR; FECES;

ANACARDIACEAE; BLEPHARIDA; BURSERACEAE; CASSIDINAE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; COMMIPHORA; CRIOCERINAE; CRYPTOCEPHALINAE; DIAMPHIDIA; DIAMPHIDIA FEMORALIS; GALERUCINAE; LAMPROSOMATINAE; SCLEROCARYA BIRREA;

EID: 34547799267     PISSN: 0010065X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2007)61[297:FEILBN]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Becerra, J. X. 1993. Synchronous coadaptation in an ancient case of herbivory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(22):12804-12807.
2. Becerra, J. X. 2004a. Ecology and evolution of New World Blepharida [pp. 137-143]. In: New Contributions in Biology of the Chrysomelidae (P. Jolivet, J. Santiago-Blay, and M. Schmitt, editors). Kugler Publications, The Hague. 803 pp.
3. Becerra, J. X. 2004b. Molecular systematics of Blepharida beetles (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) and relatives. Molecular Phylogentics and Evolution 30(l):107-117.
4. Begossi, A., and W. W. Benson. 1988. Host plants and defense mechanisms in Oedionychina (Alticinae) [pp. 57-72]. In: Biology of the Chrysomelidae (P. Jolivet, E. Petitpierre, and T. H. Hsiao, editors). Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht. 615 pp.
5. Breyer-Brandwijk, M. G. 1937. A note on the Bushman arrow poison, Diamphidia simplex Péringuey. Bantu Studies 11: 279-284. Reprinted in: R. Jones and C. M. Coke (editors), Bushmen of the Kalahari [pp. 221-226]. University of Witwatersrand Press, Johannesburg. 283 pp.
6. Broadley, D. G., and J. I. Minshull. 1986. A gazetteer of African countries, their constituent parts, and their synonyms. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9(26):333-342.
7. Brown, C. G., and D. J. Funk. 2005. Aspects of the natural history of Neochlamisus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): fecal-case associated life history and behavior, with a method for studying the construction of insect defensive structures. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 98(5):711-725.
8. Bryant, G. E. 1942. New species of Polyclada from Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society London, ser. B. 11:161-162.
9. Chaboo, C. S. Biology and phylogeny of Cassidinae Gyllenhal (tortoise and leaf-mining beetles) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (In press).
10. Chaboo, C. S., C. G. Brown, and D. J. Funk. Fecal case architecture in the gibbosus species group of Neochlamisus Karren 1972 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Chlamisini). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (In press).
11. Chaboo, C. S., and T. Nguyen. 2004. Immatures of Hemisphaerota palmarum (Boheman), with a discussion of the caudal process and shield architecture in the tribe Hemisphaerotini (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) [pp. 171-184]. In: New Contributions in Biology of the Chrysomelidae (P. Jolivet, J. Santiago-Blay, and M. Schmitt, editors). Kugler Publications, The Hague. 803 pp.
12. Chapuis, F., and M. E. Candèze. 1855. Catalogue des larves des Coléoptèes, connues jusqu'a ce jour avec la description de plusiers espèces nouvelles. Mémoires de la société royale des sciences de Liége 18.
13. Damman, H., and N. Cappucino. 1991. Two forms of egg defence in a chrysomelid beetle: egg clumping and excrement cover. Ecological Entomology 116:163-167.
14. De la Harpe, J. H., and E. B. Dowdle. 1980. Isolation and characterization of diamphotoxin. South African Journal of Science 76:428.
15. Doguet, S. 1994. Coléoptères Chrysomelidae. 2. Alticinae. Faune de France 80:1-693.
16. Duckett, C. N., J. J. Gillespie, and K. M. Kjer. 2004. Relationships among the subfamilies of Chrysomelidae inferred from small subunit ribosomal DNA and morphology, with special emphasis on the relationship among flea beetles and the Galerucinae [pp. 3-18]. In: Contributions in Biology of the Chrysomelidae, (P. Jolivet, J. Santiago-Blay, and M. Schmitt, editors). Kugler Publications, The Hague. 803 pp.
17. Eisner, T., E. van Tassel, and J. E. Carrel. 1967. Defensive use of a 'fecal shield' by a beetle larva. Science 158:1471-1473.
18. Erber, D. 1968. Bau, Funktion und Bildung der Kotpresse mittleuropäischer Clytrinen und Cryptocephalinen (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere 62(3):245-306.
19. Erber, D. 1969. Beitrag zur Entwicklungs-Biologie mittleeuropäischer Clytrinae und Cryptocephalinen (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie, und Geographie der Tiere 96:453-477.
20. Erber, D. 1988. Biology of Camptostomata Clytrinae-Cryptocephalinae-Chlamisinae-Lamprostomatinae [pp. 513-552]. In: Biology of the Chrysomelidae (P. Jolivet, E. Petitpierre, and T. H. Hsiao, editors). Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht. 615 pp.
21. Evans, P. H., J. X. Becerra, D. L. Venable, and W. S. Bowers. 2000. Chemical analysis of squirt-gun defense in Bursera and counterdefense by chrysomelid beetles. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26(3):745-754.
22. Ferguson, J. E., and R. L. Metcalf. 1985. Plant-derived defense compounds for diabroticites (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 11:311-317.
23. Fiebrig, K. 1910. Cassiden und Cryptocephaliden Paraguays. Ihre Entwicklungsstadien und Schutzvorrichtungen. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Supplement 12, Heft 2:161-264.
24. Flinte, V. 2005. Chrysomelid fauna in Brazilian restinga habitats and the chlamisine Fulcidax. Chrysomela Newsletter 45:4-5.
25. Flinte, V., and M. V. Macédo. 2004a. Population ecology of Fulcidax monstrosa (Chlamisinae) [pp. 623-63]. In: Biology of the Chrysomelidae (P. Jolivet, E. Petitpiere, and T. H. Hsiao, editors). Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht. 615 pp.
26. Flinte, V., and M. Valverde de Macédo. 2004b. Biology and seasonality of Fulcidax monstrosa (F.) (Chrysomelidae: Chlamisinae). Coleopterists Bulletin 58(4):457-465.
27. Frost, S. W. 1972. Notes on Blepharida dorothea Mignot (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomological News 83:45-47.
28. Frost, S. W. 1973. Hosts and eggs of Blepharida dorothea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Florida Entomologist 56(2):120-122.
29. Frohawk, F. W. 1913. Feces ejector of lepidopterous larvae. The entomologist 46(602):200-202.
30. Furth, D. G. 1982. Blepharida biology, as demonstrated by the Sacred Sumac Flea Beetle (B. sacra Weise). Spixiana, Supplement 7:43-52.
31. Furth, D. G. 2004. Fun with flea beetle feces. Chrysomela newsletter 43:10.
32. Furth, D. G., and Lee, J. E. 2000. Similarity of the Blepharida-group genera using larval and adult characters (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 108(1):26-51.
33. Gillespie, J. J., K. M. Kjer, C. N. Duckett, and D. W. Tallamy. 2003. Convergent evolution of cucurbitacin feeding in spatially isolated rootworm taxa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae, Luperini), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29:161-175.
34. Gillespie, J. J., D. W. Tallamy, E. G. Riley, and A. I. Cognato. Phylogeny of rootworms and related galerucines beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) based on the analysis of partial 18S and 28S rDNA and COI gene sequences. Systematic Entomology (In press).
35. Gómez, N. E. 2004. Survivorship of immature stages of Eurypedus nigrosignatus Boheman (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Physonotini) in Central Panama. Coleopterists Bulletin 58(3):73-84.
36. Gómez, N. E. 1997. The fecal shields of larva of tortoise beetles (Cassidinae: Chrysomelidae): a role in chemical defense using plant-derived secondary compounds. Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhemina zu Braunschweig. Ph.D. Thesis, Braunschweig. 124 pp.
37. Gómez, N. E., L. Witte, and T. Hartmann. 1999. Chemical defense in larval tortoise beetles: essential oil composition of fecal shields of Eurypedus nigrosignata and foliage of its host plant, Cordia curassavica. Journal of Chemical Ecology 25(5):1007-1027.
38. Granger, E. 1996. Subhumid Lowveld Bushveld & Natal Lowveld Bushveld [pp. 29, 32]. In: Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland (A. B. Low and A. G. Rebelo, editors). Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. 85 pp.
39. Heikertinger, F., and E. Csiki. 1940. Partes 166 et 169. Chrysomelidae: Halticinae, Volumen 25 [pp. 1-635]. In: Coleopterorum Catalogus (S. Schenkling, editor). Dr. W. Junk, Gravenhage.
40. Hilker, M. 1992. Protective devices of early developmental stages in Pyrrhalta viburni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Oecologia 92:71-75.
41. Hinton, H. E. 1981. Biology of insect eggs. Pergamon Press, Oxford, Volumes. 1-3:1125 pp.
42. Jolivet, P. 1988. Une nouvelle stratégie de defense: la stratégie de defense annulaire (cycloalexie) chez quelques larves de Chrysomelides brésiliens. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 92:291-299.
43. Jolivet, P., and T. J. Hawkeswood. 1995. Host-plants of Chrysomelidae of the World. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 281 pp.
44. Jolivet, P., and K. K. Verma. 2002. Biology of leaf beetles. Intercept Scientific Publishers, Andover. 332 pp.
45. Kao, C. Y., M. J. Salwen, S. L. Hu, H. M. Pitter, and J. M. R. Woollard. 1989. Diamphidia toxin, the bushman's arrow poison: possible mechanism of prey-killing. Toxicon 27:1351-1366.
46. Kim, S. J., K. M. Kjer, and C. N. Duckett. 2003. Comparison between molecular and morphological-based phylogenies of galerucine/ alticine leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Insect Systematics and Evolution 34(1):53-64.
47. Koch C. 1958. Preliminary notes on the coleopterological aspect of the arrow poison of the bushmen. Pamphlet of the South African Biological Society 20:49-54.
48. Kündig, H. 1978. The pharmacology of Diamphidia arrow poison. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Pharmacology. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 182 pp.
49. Lawrence, J. F. 1982. Coleoptera. [pp. 482-553]. In: Synopses and classification of living organisms (S. P. Parker, editor). McGraw Hill, New York, Volume 2.
50. Lee, J. E., and K. Morimoto. 1991. The egg and first-instar larva of Oomorphoides cupreatus (Baly) from Japan, with notes on the systematic position of Lamprosomatinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 35(3-4):101-107.
51. LeSage, L., and V. L. Stiefel. 1996. Biology and immature stages of the North American clytrines Anomoea laticlavia (Forster) and A. flavokansiensis Moldenke (Coleoptera: Chrysornelidae: Clytrinae) [pp. 217-238]. In: Chrysomelidae Biology, Volume 3 (P. H. A. Jolivet and M. L. Cox, editors). SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam. 365 pp.
52. Lingafelter, S. W., and A. S. Konstantinov. 2000. The monophyly and relative rank of alticine and galerucine leaf beetles: a cladistic analysis using adult morphological characters (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 30:397-416.
53. Mathews, E. G., and C. A. M. Reid. 2002. A guide to the genera of beetles of South Australia. Part 8 Polyphaga: Chrysomeloidea: Chrysomelidae. Special Educational Bulletin Series, South Australia Museum, Adelaide 11:63 pp.
54. Maulik, S. 1931. On the larva of the poisonous chrysomelid beetle of N'gamiland, Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, part I: 127-131.
55. Mendelsohn, J., A. Jarvis, C. Roberts, and T. Robertson. 2002. Atlas of Namibia: a portrait of the land and its people. David Philip Publishers, Cape Town. 200 pp.
56. Morton, T. C. 1997. Sequestration of host-plant-chemistry into frass-based defenses of Chrysomelidae: Lema trilineata, Neolema sexpunctata (Criocerinae), Plagiometriona clavata (Cassidinae) and Blepharida rhois (Alticinae). Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University. 88 pp.
57. Morton, T. C., and F. V. Vencl. 1998. Larval leaf beetles form a defense from recycled host plant chemicals discharged in fecal wastes. Journal of Chemical Ecology 24:765-786.
58. Müller, C., and M. Hilker. 2003. The advantages and disadvantages of larval abdominal shields on the Chrysomelidae: a mini-review. [pp. 243-259]. In: Special Topics in Leaf Beetle Biology (D. G. Furth, editor). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 332 pp.
59. Müller, C., and M. Hilker. 2004. Ecological relevance of fecal matter in Chrysomelidae [pp. 693-705]. In: New Contributions in Biology of the Chrysomelidae (P. Jolivet, J. Santiago-Blay, and M. Schmitt, editors). Kugler Publications, The Hague. 803 pp.
60. Nogueira-de-Sá, F. 2004. Defensive strategies of two cassidine larvae: the role of fecal shields and chemical substances. Chrysomela Newsletter 43:6-8.
61. Nogueira-de-Sá, F., and J. R. Trigo. 2002. Do fecal shields provide physical protection to larvae of the tortoise beetles Plagiometriona flavescens and Stolas chalybea against natural enemies. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 104:203-206.
62. Nogueira-de-Sá, F., and J. R. Trigo. 2005. Fecal shield of the tortoise beetle Plagiometriona aff. flavescens (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) as chemically mediated defence against predators. Journal of Tropical Ecology 21:189-194.
63. Olmstead, K. L. 1994. Waste products as chrysomelid defenses [pp. 311-318]. In: Novel Aspects of the Biology of Chrysomelidae. Series Entomologica 50 (P. H. A. Jolivet, M. L. Cox, and E. Petitpierre, editors). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 582 pp.
64. Olmstead, K. L. 1996. Cassidine defences and natural enemies [pp. 1-25]. In: Chrysomelidae Biology: Ecological Studies, Volume 2 (P. H. A. Jolivet and M. L. Cox, editors). SPB Academic Publishers, Amsterdam. 465 pp.
65. Olmstead, K. L., and R. F. Denno. 1992. Cost of shield defence for tortoise beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Ecological Entomology 17:237 243.
66. Reid, C. A. M. 1990. Systematics of the Australian Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Australian National University, Canberra, Ph.D. Thesis. 507 pp.
67. Riley, C. V. 1869. The three-lined leaf-beetle - Lema trilineata, Olivier. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). First Annual Report on the noxious and beneficial insects of the state of Missouri: 99-100.
68. Riley, C. V. 1874. The jumping sumach beetle - Blepharida rhois (Forst.) (Ord. Coleoptera; Fam. Chrysomelidae). Sixth annual report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of Missouri, Jefferson City. pp. 118-121.
69. Root, R. B., and F. J. Messina. 1983. Defensive adaptations and natural enemies of a case-bearing beetle, Exema canadensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Psyche 90:67-80.
70. Schmitt, M. 1988. The Criocerinae: Biology, phylogeny and evolution [pp. 475-495]. In: Biology of Chrysomelidae (P. Jolivet, E. Petitpierre, and T. H. Hsiao, editors). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 615 pp.
71. Schöller, M. 1999. Field studies of Cryptocephalinae biology [pp. 421-436]. In: Advances in Chrysomelidae Biology, Volume 1 (M. L. Cox, editor). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 671 pp.
72. Seeno, T. N., and J. A. Wilcox. 1982. Leaf beetle genera. Entomography 1: 1-221.
73. Skaife, S. H. 1953. African Insect Life. Longmans Green and Co., London. 387 pp.
74. Smith, E. H. 1986. Revision of the genus Phyllotreta Chevrolat of America, North of Mexico. Part. I. The maculate species (Col. Chrys. Alt.). Fieldiana, Zoology, N. S. 28(1364):1-168.
75. Stewart, P. D., D. W. Macdonald, C. Newman, and C. L. Cheeseman. 2001. Boundary feces and matched advertisement in the European badger ([i Meles meles): a potential role in range extension. Journal of Zoology, London 255:191-198.
76. Takizawa, H. 1980. Immature stages of some Indian Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Insecta Matsumurana 21:19-48.
77. Van Rooyen, N., and G. Bredenkamp. 1996. Mopane Bushveld and Mixed Lowveld Bushveld [pp. 20-27]. In: Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland (A. B. Low and A. G. Rebelo, editors). Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. 85 pp.
78. Vencl, F. V., and T. C. Morton. 1999. Shield defenses of larval Chrysomelidae: ecological and phylogenetic aspects [pp. 140-163]. In: Advances in Chrysomelidae Biology (M. L. Cox, editor). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. 671 pp.
79. Weiss, M. 2006. Defecation behavior and ecology of insects. Annual Review of Entomology 51:635-61.