Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is more pronounced in men and women with lower socio-economic status: Associations in a population-based study: Coronary atherosclerosis and social status

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 568-574

  Dragano, Nico ^a   Verde, Pablo Emilio ^a   Moebus, Susanne ^b   Stang, Andreas ^d   Schmermund, Axel ^c   Roggenbuck, Ulla ^b   Möhlenkamp, Stefan ^c   Peter, Richard ^e   Jöckel, Karl Heinz ^b   Erbel, Raimund ^c   Siegrist, Johannes ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL DÜSSELDORF   (Germany)

^b Institute for Medical Informatics   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ESSEN   (Germany)

^d MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITÄT HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Coronary artery disease; Coronary calcium; Education; Income; Socio economic status

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGATSTON SCORE; AGED; ARTERY CALCIFICATION; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ELECTRON BEAM TOMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMAN; INCOME; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIOECONOMICS;

AGED; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMANS; INCOME; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; RISK FACTORS; SOCIAL CLASS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 34547748312     PISSN: 17418267     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e32804955c4     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Kaplan GA, Keil JE. Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature. Circulation 1993; 88:1973-1998.
2. Mackenbach JP, Bos V, Anderson O, Cardano M, Costa G, Harding S, et al. Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries. Int J Epidemiol 2003; 32:830-837.
3. Marmot M, Bartley M. Social class and coronary heart disease. In: Stansfeld S, Marmot M, editors. Stress and the heart. London: BMJ Books; 2002. pp. 5-19.
4. Department of Health. Independent inquiry into inequalities in health: report (Acheson Report). London: The Stationairy Office; 1998 [electronic document: http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/].
5. Lynch J, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Tuomiletho J, Salonen JT. Do cardiovascular risk factors explain the relation between socioeconomic status, risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and acute myocardial infarction? Am J Epidemiol 1996; 15:934-942.
6. Siegrist J, Marmot M. Social inequalities in health: new evidence and policy implications. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006. pp. 1-25.
7. Arad Y, Goodman K, Roth M, Newstein D, Guerci A. Coronary calcification, coronary disease risk factors, C-reactive protein, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46:158-165.
8. Lamonte MJ, Fitzgerald SJ, Church TS, Barlow CE, Radford NB, Levine BD, et al. Coronary artery calcium score and coronary heart disease events in a large cohort of asymptomatic men and women. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162:421-429.
9. Schmermund A, Denktas AE, Rumberger JA, Christian TF, Sheedy PF, Bailey KR, et al. Independent and incremental value of coronary artery calcium for predicting the extent of angiographic coronary artery disease: comparison with cardiac risk factors and radionuclide perfusion imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34:777-786.
10. Bild DE, Folsom AR, Lowe LP, Kiefe C, Westfall AO, Zheng ZJ, et al. Prevalence and correlates of coronary calcification in black and white young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:852-857.
11. Colhoun HM, Rubens MB, Underwood SR, Fuller JH. Cross sectional study of differences in coronary artery calcification by socioeconomic status. BMJ 2000; 321:1262-1263.
12. Gallo LC, Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Edmundowicz D. Educational attainment and coronary and aortic calcification in postmenopausal women. Psychosom Med 2001; 63:925-935.
13. Kop WJ, Berman DS, Gransar H, Wong ND, Miranda-Peats R, White MD, et al. Social network and coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic individuals. Psychosom Med 2005; 67:343-352.
14. Diez Roux AV, Detrano R, Jackson S, Jacobs DR, Schreiner PJ, Shea S, et al. Acculturation and socioeconomic position as predictors of coronary calcification in a multiethnic sample. Circulation 2005; 112: 1557-1565.
15. O'Rourke RA, Brundage BH, Froelicher VF, Greenland P, Grundy SM, Hachamovitch R, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus Document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000; 102:126-140.
16. Geyer S, Peter R. Income, occupational position, qualification and health inequalities-competing risks? Comparing indicators of social status. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54:299-305.
17. Schmermund A, Möhlenkamp S, Stang A, Grönemeyer D, Seibel R, Hirche H, et al. Assessment of clinically silent atherosclerotic disease and established and novel risk factors for predicting myocardial infarction and cardiac death in healthy middle-aged subjects: rationale and design of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Am Heart J 2002; 144:212-218.
18. Stang A, Moebus S, Dragano N, Beck E, Möhlenkamp S, Schmermund A, et al. Baseline recruitment and analyses of nonresponse of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study: identifiability of phone numbers as the major determinant of response. Eur J Epidemiol 2005; 20:489-496.
19. Schmermund A, Möhlenkamp S, Berenbein S, Pump H, Moebus S, Roggenbuck U, et al. Population-based assessment of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis using electron-beam computed tomography. Atherosclerosis 2006; 185:177-182.
20. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15:827-832.
21. UNESCO. International standard classification of education. ISCED 1997. Paris: UNESCO; 1997.
22. Burnham K, Anderson DR. Model selection and multimodel inference a practical information-theoretic approach. 2 ed. New York: Springer; 2005.
23. Norris CM, Ghali WA, Saunders LD, Brant R, Galbraith D, Faris P, et al. Ordinal regression model and the linear regression model were superior to the logistic regression models. J Clin Epidemiol 2006; 59:448-456.
24. Diez-Roux AV, Nieto FJ, Tyroler HA, Crum LD, Szklo M. Social inequalities and atherosclerosis. The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 141:960-972.
25. Din-Dzietham R, Liao D, Diez-Roux A, Nieto FJ, Paton C, Howard G, et al. Association of educational achievement with pulsatile arterial diameter change of the common carotid artery: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987-1992. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 152:617-627.
26. Bartley M, Sacker A, Firth D, Fitzpatrick R. Understanding social variation in cardiovascular risk factors in women and men: the advantage of theoretically based measures. Soc Sci Med 1999; 49:831-845.
27. Ben-Shlomo Y, Kuh D. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 2002; 31:285-293.
28. Kaufman JS, Maclehose RF, Kaufman S. A further critique of the analytic strategy of adjusting for covariates to identify biologic mediation. Epidemiol Perspect Innov 2004; 1:4.
29. Arad Y, Spadaro LA, Goodman K, Newstein D. Prediction of coronary events with electron beam computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36:1253-1260.
30. Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, Doherty TM, Detrano RC. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 2004; 291:210-215.
31. Pletcher MJ, Tice JA, Pignone M, Browner WS. Using the coronary artery calcium score to predict coronary heart disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Int Med 2004; 164:1285-1292.
32. Schmermund A, Erbel R. Unstable coronary plaque and its relation to coronary calcium. Circulation 2001; 104:1682-1687.
33. Taylor AJ, Bindeman J, Feuerstein I, Cao F, Brazaitis M, O'Malley PG. Coronary calcium independently predicts incident premature coronary heart disease over measured cardiovascular risk factors mean three-year outcomes in the prospective Army Coronary Calcium Project. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46:807-814.