The effects of manipulating participant expectations of an essential oil on memory through verbal suggestion

International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 56-60

  Robbins, G ^a   Broughan, C ^a  

^a Institute for Clean Growth and Future Mobility   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Expectancy; Memory; Salvia lavandulaefolia; Spanish sage; Verbal suggestion

Indexed keywords

ESSENTIAL OIL;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG MECHANISM; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; SALVIA; VERBAL BEHAVIOR; VERBAL MEMORY;

EID: 34547730272     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Kischl, Weixel LJ. Double-blind versus deceptive administration of a placebo. Behav Neurosci. 1988; 102(2):319-23.
2. Benedetti F. How the doctor's words affect the patient's brain. Eval Health Prof. 2002;25(4):369-86.
3. Luparello T, Lyons HA, Bleecker ER, McFadden ER. Influences of suggestion on airway reactivity in asthmatic subjects. Psychosom Med. 1968;30(6):819-25.
4. Kirsch I. How expectancies shape experience. London: American Psychological Association; 1999.
5. Sturat-Williams S, Podd J. The placebo effect: dissolving the expectancy versus conditioning debate. Psychol Bull. 2004;I30(2):324-40.
6. Stuart-Williams S. The placebo puzzle: putting together the pieces. Health Psychol. 2004;23(2):198-206.
7. Evans D. Placebo: mind over matter in modern medicine. London: Harper-Collins; 2004.
8. Tildesley NTJ, Kennedy DO, Perry EK, Ballard CG, Savelev S, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Salvia lavandulaefolia (Spanish sage) enhances memory in healthy young volunteers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75:669-74.
9. Lavine ME, Stern RM, Koch KL The effects of manipulating expectations through placebo and nocebo administration of gastric tachyarrhythmia and motion-induced nausea. Psychosom Med. 2006;68:478-86.
10. Broughan C. The psychological aspects of aromatherapy. Int J Aromather. 2005;15(1):3-6.
11. Friendly M, Franklin PE, Hoffman D, Rubin DC.The Toronto word pool: Norms for imagery, concreteness, orthographic variables, and grammatical usage for 1,080 words. Behav Res Methods lnstrum. 1982:14:375-99.
12. Feldman RJ, Maibach HI. Absorption of some organic compounds through the skin in man. J Invest Dermatol. 1970;54(5):399-404.
13. Iimberger J, Heuberger E, Mahrhofer C, Dessovic H, Kowarik D, Buchbauer G. The influence of essential oils on human attention. I: alertness. Chem Senses [online]. 2001;26:239-45. Available from http://chemse.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/ reprint/26/3/239 [December 12 2006].