The quality of mercy in early modern legal practice

Kritika

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 5-22

  Kollmann, Nancy S ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547639575     PISSN: 1531023X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/kri.2006.0008     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Chester S. L. Dunning, "Terror in the Time of Troubles,"
2. and Georg Michels, "Ruling under Mercy: Seventeenth-Century Russian Bishops and Their Officials," Kritika 4, 3 (2003): 491-542.
3. V. A. Rogov, Istoriia ugolovnogo prava, terrora i repressii v Russkom gosudarstve XV-XVII vv. (Moscow: Iurist, 1995), 113, 202, 207-10, 227
4. Evgenii Anisimov, Dyba iknut: Politicheskii sysk i russkoe obshchestvo v XVIII veke (Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 1999), 567
5. Richard Hellie, "Late Medieval and Early Modern Russian Civilization and Modern Neuroscience," in Culture and Identity in Muscovy, 1359-1584, ed. A. M. Kleimola and G. D. Lenhoff (Moscow: ITZ-Garant, 1997), 146-65
6. Christoph Schmidt, Sozialkontrolle in Moskau: Justiz, Kriminalität und Leibeigenschaft 1649-1785 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 1996).
7. On early modern European crime rates, see Eric A. Johnson and Eric H. Monkkonen, "Introduction," James A. Sharpe, "Crime in England: Long-Term Trends and the Problem of Modernization,"
8. and Pieter Spierenburg, "Long-Term Trends in Homicide: Theoretical Reflections and Dutch Evidence," in The Civilization of Crime: Violence in Town and Country since the Middle Ages, ed. Johnson and Monkkonen (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996), 1-13, 17-34, 63-105
9. For literature on governing strategies of early modern states, see Michael Mann, The Sources of Social Power, vol. 1: A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986)
10. Anthony Giddens, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, vol. 2: The Nation-State and Violence (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987)
11. Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 900-1992 (Cambridge, MA: Oxford University Press, 1990)
12. and Tilly, ed. , The Formation of National States in Western Europe (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975)
13. Michel Foucault is renowned for postulating that early modern states consciously used displays of violence, for lack of better strategies, to enforce social control. See his classic study Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan (New York: Pantheon Books, 1977)
14. and works inspired by his view, including Pieter Spierenburg, The Spectacle of Suffering: Executions and the Evolution of Repression (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984)
15. and Richard van Dülmen, Theatre of Horror: Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990)
16. Ekkehard Kraft, Moskaus griechisches Jahrhundert: Russisch-griechische Beziehungen und metabyzantinischer Einfluss 1619-1694 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1995).
17. For surveys of punishment, see V. S. Nersesiants, ed., Razvitie russkogo prava v XV-pervoi polovine XVII v. (Moscow: Nauka, 1986), 189-202
18. and E. A. Skripilev, ed., Razvitie russkogo prava vtoroi poloviny XVII-XVIII vv. (Moscow: Nauka, 1992), 201-14
19. Conciliar Law Code citations are from Rossiiskoe zakonodatel'stvo X-XX vekov (hereafter RZ), ed. O. I. Chistiakov, 9 vols. (Moscow: Iuridicheskaia literatura, 1984-94), vol. 3(1985), 102 and 213
20. Conciliar Law Code, chap. 22, art. 14: RZ, vol. 3, 249. Various citations in Conciliar Law Code of "mercilessly": RZ, vol. 3, 95, 97 (7:19 and 29); vol. 3, 103, 117, 130, 141 (10:9, 123, 170, 231); vol. 3, 239, 240 (21:56 and 59); vol. 3, 248 (22:5)
21. 1647: Akty Moskovskogo gosudarstva (hereafter AMG), 3 vols. (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoi Akademii nauk, 1890-1901), vol. 2 (1894), no. 292: 182; 1648: AMG, vol. 2, no. 311: 192-93
22. 1653: Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii (hereafter PSZ), 40 vols, with 5 additional vols, of indices (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia II Otdeleniia Sobstvennoi Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva Kantseliarii, 1830), vol. 1, no. 105: 291-92; 1654: PSZ, vol. 1, no. 131: 330-31; 1655: PSZ, vol. 1, no. 150: 359-60; 1669: Akty, sobrannye v bibliotekakh i arkhivakh Rossiiskoi imperii Arkheograficheskoiu ekspeditsieiu Imp. akademii nauk (hereafter AAE), 4 vols, and index (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia II Otdeleniia Sobstvennoi Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva Kantseliarii, 1836, 1838), vol. 4 (1836), no. 166: 218-19
23. PSZ, vol. 1, no. 561:907
24. On the severity of knoutings, see Anisimov, Dyba i knut, 563-71
25. and Rogov, Istoriia ugolovnogoprava, 225-27.
26. On Muscovite political ideology, see Daniel Rowland, "The Problem of Advice in Muscovite Tales about the Time of Troubles," Russian History/Histoire russe 6, 2 (1979): 259-83
27. Isolde Thyrêt, Between God and Tsar: Religious Symbolism and the Royal Women of Muscovite Russia (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2001), esp. chap. 4
28. and Nancy S. Kollmann, By Honor Bound: State and Society in Early Modern Russia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999), chap. 5
29. See Valerie Kivelson's essay on the political ideology of gentry collective petitions in the 1648 riots: "The Devil Stole His Mind: The Tsar and the 1648 Moscow Uprising," American Historical Review 98, 3 (1993): 733-56
30. Also on the "petitionary order," see my By Honor Bound, 59-61, 111, 199.
31. 1670: PSZ, vol. 1, no. 480: 811-14; 1682: PSZ, vol. 2, no. 978: 486-88
32. 1637: AAE, vol. 3 (1836), no. 266: 406-8
33. Pamiatniki russkogo prava (hereafter PRP), 8 vols. (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo iuridicheskoi literatury, 1952-63), vol. 5 (1959), 225-26
34. Grigorii Kotoshikhin, O Rossii vo tsarstvovanie Alekseia Mikhailovicha, 4th ed. (St. Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo Imperatorskoi Arkheograficheskoi kommissii, 1906), chap. 1, arts. 20-22, 26-27, and 32
35. 1676: PSZ, vol. 2, no. 623: 6
36. 1654: PSZ, vol. 1, no. 123: 321; 1680: RGADA f. 210, Prikaznyi stol, stb. 1037, 11. 44-74
37. 1647: RGADA f. 210, Prikaznyi stol, stb. 172, 11. 253-58 and stb. 265, 11. 59-60, 67-69. See also Nancy S. Kollmann, "The Extremes of Patriarchy: Spousal Abuse and Murder in Early Modern Russia," Russian History/Histoire russe 25, 1-2 (1998): 139
38. 1655: PSZ, vol. 1, no. 170: 358-60; 1666: RGADA f. 210, Prikaznyi stol, stb. 985, 11. 507-9
39. On piety in the elite, see Paul Bushkovitch, Religion and Society in Russia: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), chap. 2
40. and Daniel Kaiser, "Testamentary Charity in Early Modern Russia: Trends and Motivations," Journal of Modern History 76, 1 (2004): 1-28.
41. 1644: "Uboistvennye dela i nakazannyia za nikh v Sibirskikh gorodakh 1626-44," Chteniia v Imperatorskom obshchestve istorii i drevnostei rossiiskikhpri Moskovskom universitete, no. 3 (1909), Smes': 4
42. Robert O. Crummey, Aristocrats and Servitors: The Boyar Elite in Russia, 1613-1689 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983), 114, 192
43. Laura Engelstein, "Weapon of the Weak (Apologies to James Scott): Violence in Russian History," Kritika 4, 3 (2003): 679-93, here 692.