Democracy's quality and breakdown: New lessons from Thailand

Democratization

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 622-642

  Case, William ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Accountability; Elections; Military coup; Responsiveness; Thailand

Indexed keywords

ACCOUNTABILITY; CORRUPTION; DEMOCRATIZATION; ELECTION; ELECTORAL SYSTEM; HUMAN RIGHTS;

ASIA; EURASIA; SOUTHEAST ASIA; THAILAND;

EID: 34547610818     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: 1743890X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510340701449577     Document Type: Article

References (104)

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2. See also O'Donnell's classic 'Delegative Democracy', Journal of Democracy, Vol. 5, No. 1 (1994), pp. 55-69.
3. Richard Robison and Vedi R. Hadiz, Reorganizing Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004).
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6. Leonard Morlino, 'What is a "Good" Democracy?', Democratization, Vol. 11, No. 5 (2004), pp. 15-16.
7. See 'The Quality of Democracy', Journal of Democracy, Vol. 15, No. 4 (2004), pp. 20-110
8. Guillermo O'Donnell, Jorge Vargas Cullell, and Osvaldo M. Iazzetta (eds), The Quality of Democracy: Theory and Applications (Notre Dame, IL: University of Notre Dame Press, 2004)
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10. Andrew Roberts, 'The Quality of Democracy', Comparative Democracy, Vol. 37, No. 3 (2005), pp. 357-76.
11. Robert Dahl, Polyarchy (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1971).
12. Wolfgang Merkel, 'Embedded and Defective Democracies', Democratization, Vol. 11, No. 5 (2004), p. 36.
13. Morlino (note 5), pp. 15, 20, 23.
14. Merkel (note 9), pp. 36, 39, 53.
15. Roberts (note 7), p. 358.
16. Larry Diamond and Leonardo Morlino, 'The Quality of Democracy: An Overview', Journal of Democracy, Vol. 15, No. 4 (2004), p. 21.
17. Roberts (note 7), p. 358.
18. Ibid.
19. See, for example, Time Asia, 29 January 2001, at http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/2001/0129/cover1.html.
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21. Diamond and Morlino (note 13), p. 23.
22. Shawn W. Crispin, 'Saluting Thailand's Military-Run Economy', AsiaTimes Online, 10 November 2006, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/ Southeast_Asia/HK10Ae01.html.
23. See, for example, Michael Kelly Connors, Democracy and National Identity in Thailand (London: Routledge-Curzon, 2003).
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26. See also Duncan McCargo, 'Network Monarchy and Legitimacy Crises in Thailand', The Pacific Review, Vol. 18, No. 4 (2005), pp. 499-519.
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28. Pasuk Phongpaichit and Chris Baker, Thailand: Economy and Politics (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1995)
29. Pasuk Phongpaichit and Sungsidh Piriyarangsan, Corruption and Democracy in Thailand (Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 1996)
30. Ruth McVey (ed.), Money and Power in Provincial Thailand (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000).
31. Michael Connors, 'Framing the "People's Constitution"', in Duncan McCargo (ed.), Reforming Thai Politics (Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 2002), pp. 37-55
32. see also Connors (note 20), Ch. 7.
33. Kasian Tejapira, 'Toppling Thaksin', New Left Review, No. 39 (May/ June 2006), p. 22.
34. Anek Laothamattas, 'A Tale of Two Democracies: Conflicting Perceptions of Elections and Democracy in Thailand', in R.H. Taylor (ed.), The Politics of Elections in Southeast Asia (Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996), p. 201.
35. Roberts (note 7), pp. 360-1.
36. See Pasuk Phongpaichit and Chris Baker, Thaksin: The Business of Politics in Thailand (Chiangmai: Silkworm Books, 2004)
37. and Duncan McCargo and Ukrist Pathmanand, The Thaksinization of Thailand (Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2005).
38. Kevin Hewison, 'Thailand: Boom, Bust, and Recovery', in Garry Rodan, Kevin Hewison, and Richard Robison (eds), The Political Economy of South-East Asia: Markets, Power and Contestation (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 99.
39. Pasuk Phongpaichit and Chris Baker, '"Business Populism" in Thailand', Journal of Democracy, Vol. 16, No. 2 (2005), esp. pp. 67-8.
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41. Duncan McCargo, 'Democracy Under Stress in Thaksin's Thailand', Journal of Democracy Vol. 13, No. 4 (2002), pp. 112-26.
42. Pasuk and Baker (note 30), p. 63.
43. Roberts (note 7), p. 358.
44. G. Bingham Powell, Jr, 'The Chain of Responsiveness', Journal of Democracy, Vol. 15, No. 4 (2004), pp. 91-3.
45. World Bank, Thailand Economic Monitor 2006 (Bangkok, April 2006), p. 16.
46. See also 'Heading Back', The Economist, 5 February 2005, p. 9.
47. For analytic assessments, see Pasuk and Baker (note 30)
48. Kanishka Jayasuriya and Kevin Hewison, 'From Global Social Policy to a Global Populism', Critical Asian Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4 (2004), pp. 571-90
49. and Pasuk Phongpaichit and Chris Baker, 'Pluto-Populism in Thailand: Business Remaking Politics', in John Sidel and Eva-Lotta Hedman (eds), Populism and Reformism in Asia (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, forthcoming);
50. Robert Looney, 'Thaksinomics: A New Asian Paradigm', Journal of Social Political and Economic Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1 (2004), pp. 65-86.
51. Susan Stokes, Mandates and Democracy: Neoliberalism by Surprise in Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
52. Robert B. Albritton, 'Thailand in 2004: The Crisis in the South', Asian Survey, Vol. 45, No. 1 (2005), p. 170.
53. Personal attendance at Thai Rak Thai campaign events, Bangkok, January-February 2005.
54. Martin Painter, 'Thaksinisation or Managerialism? Reforming the Thai Bureaucracy', Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2006), pp. 26-48.
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57. 'TDRI Economists: Thasinomics 'Not a Driver of Growth', The Nation Online, 30 March 2006, http://www.nationmultimedia.com/search/ adsearch.php.
58. Kazmin (note 43), p. 18.
59. Montesano (note 31), p. 96.
60. Michael H. Nelson, 'Thailand and Thaksin Shinawatra: From Election Triumph to Political Decline', eastasia.at, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2005), p. 8, http://www.eastasia.at/.
61. Montesano (note 31), p. 92.
62. Alex M. Mutebi, 'Thailand in 2002: Political Consolidation Amid Economic Uncertainties', Asian Survey, Vol. 43, No. 1 (2003), p. 105.
63. Ibid., p. 106.
64. Ibid., pp. 108-9.
65. Alex M. Mutebi, 'Thailand in 2003: Riding High Again', Asian Survey Vol. 44, No. 1 (2004), p. 79.
66. Albritton (note 39), pp. 169-70.
67. The Nation, 8 January 2001, quoted in McCargo and Ukrist (note 28), p. 109.
68. Ibid., p. 64.
69. Pasuk and Baker (note 37), p. 66.
70. 'Hands Off, PM Warned', Bangkok Post, 6 August 2001, http://www.bangkokpost.net/election2001/august2001/060801a.html.
71. Pasuk and Baker (note 37), p. 65, cite polls in which 70-80 per cent of respondents 'backed the campaign' against alleged drug dealers.
72. Roberts (note 7), pp. 368-70.
73. Nelson (note 47), p. 4.
74. See 'Thaksin Helps Himself', The Economist, http://www.economist.com/research/backgrounders/ displaystory.cfm?story_id=5444898, 26 January 2006.
75. Michael H. Nelson, 'Political Turmoil in Thailand: Thaksin, Protests, Elections and the King', eastasia.at, Vol. 5, No. 1 (September 2006), p. 3.
76. Ibid., p. 4.
77. Shawn W. Crispin, 'Thai Elections: Democracy Delayed', Asia Times, 1 April 2006.
78. Ibid., p. 4.
79. The Nation, 1 March 2006, quoted in Nelson (note 62), p. 6.
80. Interviews with staff members of an international democracy promotion agency (anonymity requested), Bangkok, 24 April 2006.
81. Nelson (note 62), p. 12.
82. Nelson (note 47), p. 1.
83. Surasak Tumcharoen, 'Senators Attack Takeover Bid', Bangkok Post, 16 September 2005.
84. 'Thaksin Proposes "National Government"', The Nation, 10 April 2006, http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/03/27/headlines/ headlines_30000288.php.
85. Shawn W. Crispin, 'In Thailand, Thaksin's Fall from Grace', Asia Times, 6 April 2004.
86. Nelson (note 62), p. 13.
87. Kasian (note 25), p. 35-6.
88. Roby Alampay, quoted in Shawn W. Crispin, 'Thailand: Justice Served', Asia Times Online, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/ HC16Ae03.html, 16 March 2006.
89. Shawn W. Crispin, 'The Court Sets a Powerful Precedent', Asia Times 25 March 2006.
90. 'Suhon Offers Apologies on Senate Behalf', Bangkok Post, 22 March 2006.
91. Wassana Nanuam, 'Panlop: Military Coup Possible', Bangkok Post, 27 February 2006.
92. 'The King Said to Want Accord Soon on Thaksin', International Herald Tribune Asia-Pacific, 9 March 2006, http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/ 03/08/news/thai.php.
93. 'King: It's a Mess', The Nation, 26 April 2006, http//www.nationmultimedia.com/search/page.news.php?clid=2&id= 30002571.
94. Michael H. Nelson, 'Thaksin Overthrown', in Thang D. Nguyen (ed.), The Thai Challenge (Singapore: ISEAS, forthcoming).
95. Kelvin Rowley, 'The Downfall of Thaskin Shinawatra's CEO-state', Austral Policy Forum 06-34A, Nautilus Institute, 9 November 2006, http://www.nautilus.org/~rmit/2006/20061109.html.
96. Matichon, 8 October 2001, p. 2, quoted in Nelson (note 81).
97. The Nation, 10 July 2005, quoted in Nelson (note 81).
98. Bangkok Post, 30 June 2006, quoted in Nelson (note 81).
99. Ibid.
100. Council for Democratic Reform website, http://www.mfa.go.th/internet/ document/2830.pdf, quoted in Nelson (note 81).
101. Quoted in 'HM the King's April 26 Speeches (unofficial translation)', The Nation, 27 April 2006, http://nationmultimedia.com/2006/04/27/ headlines/headlines_30002592.php.
102. Seth Mydans, 'Weeks Past Coup, Thais Want to Pick Up Pace of Change', New York Times, 3 November 2006, p. 3
103. 'Junta Offers Justification for Coup as Criticism Mounts', South China Morning Post, 23 November 2006, p A11.
104. 'His Majesty's Full Birthday Speech', The Nation, 5 December 2006, http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/12/05/headlines/ headlines_30020787.php.