Internet-savvy U.S. and Middle Eastern extremist groups

Mobilization

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 177-192

  Reid, Edna ^a   Chen, Hsinchen ^a  

^a CLARION UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547379451     PISSN: 1086671X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Bassiouni, M. C. 1999. Introduction to Islam. Washington, DC: Middle East Institute.
2. Bergesen, A.J., and Y. Man (2005). "New Directions for Terrorism Research." 46(1-2):133-151.
3. Brachman, J.R. and W.F. McCants. 2006. Stealing al Qaida's Playbook. West Point, NY: Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, U.S. Military Academy (http://www.ctc.usma.edu).
4. Bunt, G. R. (2003). Islam in the Digital Age: E-jihad, Online Fatwas and Cyber Islamic Environments. Sterling, Pluto Press.
5. Burris, V., Emory Smith, and Ann Strahm. 2000. "White Supremacist Networks on the Internet." Sociological Focus 33(3): 215-235.
6. Chaudhry, L. 2000. Hate Sites Bad Recruiting Tools. Educational CyberPlayground, Wired Digital Inc.
7. Chen, H., J. Qin, E. Reid, W. Chung, Y. Zhou, W. Zi, G. Lai, A. Bonillas, and M. Sageman. 2004. "Dark Web Portal: Collecting and Analyzing the Presence of Domestic and International Terrorist Groups on the Web." Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), October 3-6, Washington, DC.
8. Coll, S. and S.B. Glasser. 2005. "Terrorists Turn to the Web as Base of Operations." Washingtonpost. com.
9. Conway, M. 2005. Terrorist Use of the Internet and Fighting Back: Safety and Security in a Networked World: Balancing Cyber-Rights and Responsibilities. Paper presented at the Oxford Internet Institute Conference, September 8-10, 2005, Oxford, Oxford University.
10. Corman, S.R. and J.S. Schiefelbein. 2006. Communication and Media Strategy in the Jihadi War of Ideas. Consortium for Strategic Communication, Arizona State University. Retrieved from http://www.asu.edu/clas/commumcation/ about/terrorism/publications/jihad_comm_media.pdf
11. Damphouse, K.R. and B.L. Smith. 2004. "Terrorism and Empirical Testing: Using Indictment Data to Assess Changes in Terrorist Conduct." Pp. 75-92 in Terrorism and Counter terrorism: Criminological Perspectives, edited by M. Deflem. London: Elsevier.
12. December, J. (1997). "Notes on Definition of Computer-Mediated Communication." CMC Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.december.com/cmc/ mag/1997/jan/december.html
13. Demchak, C., C. Friis, and T.M. LaPorte. 2001. Webbing Governance: National Differences in Constructing the Face of Public Organizations. Handbook of Public Information Systems. G. D. Garson. New York: Marcel Dekker.
14. Diani, M. 1999. "Social Movement Networks Virtual and Real. A New Politics?" CCSS, University of Birmingham Conference. Retrieved from http://www.nd.edu/~dmyers/cbsm/vol2/bgham99.pdf.
15. Dishman, C. 2005. "Leaderless Nexus: When Crime and Terror Converge." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 28(3): 237-52.
16. FBI. 2004. Congressional Testimony. Statement of John E. Lewis, Deputy Assistant Director, Counter-terrorism Division, FBI. Washington, D.C.
17. Forest, J.F. 2006. Teaching Terror: Strategic and Tactical Learning in the Terrorist World. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
18. Galeas, P. N.d. Web Mining. Retrieved November 22, 2006 (http://www.galeas.de/webmining.html).
19. Gerstenfeld, P., D. Grant, and C. Chiang. 2003. "Hate Online: a Content Analysis of Extremist Internet Sites." Analysis of Social Issues and Public Policy 3(1): 29-44.
20. Glasser, S. B. 2005. Martyrs in Iraq Mostly Saudis: Web Sites Track Suicide Bombing. Washington Posf: A1, A25.
21. Gustavson, T.E., and D.E. Sherkat. 2004. "Elucidiating the Web of Hate: the Ideological Structuring of Network Ties Among Right Wing Hate Groups on the Internet." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association.
22. International Crisis Group. 2006. In Their Own Words: Reading the Iraqi Insurgency. International Crisis Group, Middle East Report #50.
23. ISTS. 2003. Examining the Cyber Capabilities of Islamic Terrorist Groups. Hanover, Institute for Security Technology Studies (ISTS), Dartmouth College. 2004.
24. Jenkins, B. 2004. "World Becomes the Hostage of Media-Savvy Terrorists." USA Today.
25. Jones, C. W. 2005. "Online Impression Management: Case Studies of Activist Web Sites and their Credibility Enhancing Tactics during the Kosovo Conflict." University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from the Oxford Internet Institute, http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk.
26. Kelley, J. 2002. Militants Wire Web With Links to Jihad. USA Today.
27. Knight, A., and K. Ubayasiri. 2002. Report On Line: the Internet and Terrorism. On Line Opinion: Australia's e-journal of Social and Political Debate. August 2005.
28. Langman, L., and D. Morris. 2002. "Internet Mediation: A Theory of Alternative Globalization Movements." Paper presented at the proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Community Informatics. October 8, 2002. Montreal, Canada.
29. Levin, B. 2002. "Cyberhate: a Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America." American Behavioral Scientist 45(6): 958-88.
30. Lia, B., and T. Heggerhammer. 2004. "Jihad Strategic Studies." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 27: 355-75.
31. Lipton, E., and E. Lichtblau. 2004. "Even Near Home, a New Front Is Opening in the Terror Battle." New York Times on the Web.
32. McCaughey, M., and M. D. Ayers. 2003. "Introduction." Pp. 1-21 in Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, edited by M. McCaughey and M. D. Ayers. New York: Routledge.
33. Park, H. W., and M. Thelwall. 2003. "Hyperlink Analyses of the World Wide Web: a Review." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8(4). Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol8/issue4/park.html
34. Preece, J. 2000. Online Communities: Designing Usability, Supporting Sociability. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
35. Rabasa, A., C. Benard, P. Chalk, C.C. Fair, T.W. Karasil, R. Lai, I.O. Lesser, and D.E. Thaler. 2004. Muslim World After 9/11. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
36. Reid, E., J. Qin, Y. Zhou, G. Lai, M. Sageman, G. Weimann, and H. Chen. 2005. "Collecting and Analyzing the Presence of Terrorists on the Web: a Case Study of Jihad Websites." Paper presented at Intelligence and Security Informatics: IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics, ISI 2005 held May 2005, Atlanta, Georgia: Springer.
37. Sharpe, T. T. 2000. "Identity Christian Movement: Ideology of Domestic Terrorism." Journal of Black Studies 30(4): 604-23.
38. SITE (2004). "Background on Terrorist Groups." SITE (Search for International Terrorist Entities) Institute, Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://www.siteinstitute.org/index.html.
39. SPLC. 2004. "Active U.S. Hate Groups in 2004." Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) Intelligence Project. Montgomery, SPLC. Retrieved from http://www.splcenter.org
40. Tateo, L. 2005. "Italian Extreme Right On-line Network: An Exploratory Study Using an Integrated Social Network Analysis and Content Analysis Approach." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10(2).
41. Thelwall, M., L. Vaughan, et al. (2004). "Webometrics." Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. B. Cronin.
42. Thomas, T. L. 2003. "Al Qaeda and the Internet the Danger of Cyberplanning." Parameters 33: 112-23.
43. Thomas, M. J. 2004. "Counteracting Terror: Group Design and Response Modalities." Pp. 91-110 in Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Criminological Perspectives, edited by M. Deflem. London, Elsevier.
44. Tsfati, Y., and G. Weimann. 2002. "www.terrorism.com: Terror on the Internet." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 25: 317-22.
45. Weimann, G. 2004. "www.terror.net: How Modern Terrorists Use the Internet." Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace.
46. Weimann, G. 2006. "Terror on the Internet: the New Arena, the New Challenges." Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace.
47. Whine, M. 1997. "Far Right on the Internet." Pp. 209-27 in The Governance of Cyberspace, edited by B.D. Loader. London: Routledge.
48. Xu, J., and H. Chen. 2005. "CrimeNet Explorer: a Framework for Criminal Network Knowledge Discovery" ACM Transactions on Information Systems 23(2): 201-26.
49. Zhou, Y., E. Reid, J. Qin, H. Chen, and G. Lai. 2005. "U.S. Domestic Extremist Groups on the Web: Link and Content Analysis." IEEE Intelligent Systems 20(5): 44-51.