Development, territories, and people: Consolidating the external sovereign frontier

Alternatives

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 225-246

  Duffield, Mark ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Biopolitics; Development; Governance; Security; Territory

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547373666     PISSN: 03043754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/030437540703200204     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. See, Tony Blair, The Guardian, 3 October 2001.
2. OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). A Development Co-Operation Lens on Terrorism Prevention: Key Entry Points for Action (Paris: DAC, 2003).
3. Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1995), p. 3.
4. William Easterly, "The Cartel of Good Intentions: The Problem of Bureaucracy in Foreign Aid," Journal of Policy Reform 5, no. 4 (2002): 227.
5. Ibid., 288.
6. Ibid., 237.
7. Ibid., 248.
8. Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999);
9. Beate Jahn, "Barbarian Thoughts: Imperialism in the Philosophy of John Stuart Mill," Review of International Studies 31 (2005): 599-618;
10. Bill Cooke, "A New Continuity with Colonial Administration: Participation in Development Management," Third World Quarterly 24, no. 1 (2003): 47-61;
11. April Biccum, "Development and the 'New' Imperialism: a Reinvention of Colonial Discourse in DFID Promotional Literature," Third World Quarterly 26, no. 6 (2005): 1005-1020.
12. Robert Cooper, "The Post-Modern State," in Mark Leonard, ed., Re-Ordering the World: The Long-Term Implications of 11 September (London: The Foreign Policy Centre, 2002), p. 15.
13. Mehta, note 8; Jahn, note 8; Jennifer Pitts, "Legislator of the World? A Rereading of Bentham on Colonies," Political Theory 31, no. 2 (2003): 200-234.
14. J. A. Hobson, Imperialism: A Study (London: George Allen and Unwin [1902] 1938), p. 229.
15. Costas Douzinas, "Humanity, Military Humanism and the New Moral Order," Economy and Society 32, no. 2 (2003): 159-183.
16. Cooper, note 9; Niall Ferguson, Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World (London: Allen Lane/Penguin, 2003);
17. Christopher Coker, "Empires in Conflict: The Growing Rift Between Europe and the United States." Whitehall Paper 58 (London: Royal United Services Institute, 2003).
18. Michael Ignatieff, Empire Lite: Nation-Building in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan (London: Vintage, 2003).
19. There is an important nonimperial trend within Enlightenment thinking. Kant's understanding of perpetual peace, for example, allowed that "no man, even though he is not morally good, is forced to be a good citizen." Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace and Other Essays (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1983), p. 124. At the same time, Pitts, note 10, and Mehta, note 8, have reevaluated the work of Bentham and Burke respectively in this light.
20. Catherine Hall, Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination 1830-1867 (Cambridge, Mass.: Polity Press, 2002).
21. Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt, 1994;
22. Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the College De France, 1975-76 (London: Alan Lane/Penguin, 2003).
23. Julian Reid, personal communication.
24. Mark Duffield, "Social Cohesion, Immigration and Fragile States: The Will to Planetary Order," Progress in Development Studies 6, no. 1 (2006): 68-79.
25. Michael Dillon and Julian Reid, "Global Liberal Governance: Biopolitics, Security and War," Millennium 30, no. 1 (2001): 41-66.
26. Pitts, note 10, p. 222.
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28. Etienne Balibar, "Is There a 'Neo-Racism'?" in Etienne Balibar and Immanuel Wallerstein, eds., Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities (London: Verso, 1991), pp. 17-28;
29. Mark Duffield, "New Racism . . . New Realism: Two Sides of the Same Coin." Radical Philosophy 37 (1984): 29-34.
30. Michael Cowen and Robert Shenton, Doctrines of Development (London and New York: Routledge; 1996).
31. Mehta, note 8, p. 198.
32. Biccum, note 8.
33. Easterly, note 4.
34. Mehta, note 8.
35. Ibid., p. 191.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid., p. 192.
38. Ibid., p. 210.
39. Ibid., pp. 200-201.
40. Mark Duffield, "Getting Savages to Fight Barbarians: Development, Security and the Colonial Present," Conflict, Security and Development 5, no. 2 (2005): 141-160; Cooke, note 8.
41. Graham Harrison, The World Bank and Africa: The Construction of Governance States (London: Routledge, 2004), p. 26.
42. Paul Hirst, Space and Power: Politics, War and Architecture (Cambridge, Mass.: Polity Press, 2005).
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44. Duffield, note 33.
45. Neil Smith, American Empire: Roosevelt's Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization (Berkeley: University of California, 2003).
46. Adam Hochschild, King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa (London: Pan Books, 2002).
47. Hobson, note 11, p. 246;
48. also, Edmund Morel, The Black Man's Burden (Manchester and London: The National Labour Press, 1920).
49. Lord Lugard, The Dual Mandate in Tropical Africa (London : Frank Cass [1925] 1965).
50. Stuart Eiden, "Territorial Integrity and the War on Terror," Environment and Planning A, no. 37 (2005): 2083-2104.
51. Gerald Bloom and Hilary Standing. "Pluralism and Marketisation in the Health Sector: Meeting Health Needs in Contexts of Social Change in Low and Middle-Income Countries," IDS Working Paper 136 (University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, 2001).
52. Harrison, note 34.
53. Vanessa Pupavac, "Human Security and the Rise of Global Therapeutic Governance," Conflict, Development and Security 5, no. 2 (2005): 161-182.
54. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: A Study of Economics As If People Mattered (London: Abacus, 1974).
55. Duffield, note 33.
56. Mehta, note 8, p. 191.
57. David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblast, and Jonathan Perraton, Global Transformations: Poli tics. Economics and Culture (Cambridge. Mass.: Polity Press, 1999).
58. Arendt, note 17, pp. 230-231.
59. Balibar, note 22, p. 21.
60. Duffield, note 22.
61. Labour Party, "The New Britain,'' 1964 Labour Party Manifesto (London: Labour Party. 1964).
62. Ibid.
63. Georgi Derlugian, "The Social Cohesion of the States." in Terence K. Hopkins and Immanuel Wallerstein, eds., The Age of Transition: Trajectory of the World-System, 1945-2025 (London: Zed Books, 1996), pp. 148-177.
64. Mary Kaldor, New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era (Cambridge, Mass.: Polity Press, 1999).
65. Robert D. Kaplan, "The Coming Anarchy: How Scarcity, Crime, Overpopulation, and Disease Are Rapidly Destroying the Social Fabric of Our Planet," Atlantic Monthly (1994): 44-76;
66. Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History?" in Patrick O'Meara, Howard D. Mehlinger, and Matthew Krain, eds., Globalization and the Challenges of a New Century (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2002), pp. 161-180;
67. Huntington, note 36.
68. Paul Collier, et al., Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy (Washington and Oxford: World Bank/Oxford University Press, 2003), p. ix.
69. Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1998).
70. Douzinas, note 12.
71. Nicholas Wheeler, Saving Strangers; Humanitarian Intervention in International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
72. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 2001).
73. Thomas G. Weiss, "The Sunset of Humanitarian Intervention? The Responsibility to Protect in a Unipolar Era," Security Dialogue 35, (2004): 135-153.
74. Wheeler, note 61, p. 41.
75. Joanna Macrae, "Analysis and Synthesis," in Joanna Macrae, ed., The New Humanitarians: A Review of Trends in Global Humanitarian Action-HPG Report 11 (London: Humanitarian Policy Group, Overseas Development Institute, 2002), pp. 5-17.
76. Human Security Centre (HSC), The Human Security Report 2005: War and Peace in the 21st Century (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Human Security Centre, 2005), p. 23.
77. Vanessa Pupavac, "Therapeutic Governance: Pyscho-Social Intervention and Trauma Risk Management," Disasters, no. 4 (2001): 358-372.
78. Agamben, note 59.
79. Riseman and McDougal, 1969, quoted by Wheeler, note 61, pp. 42-43.
80. Nicholas Leader and Peter Colenso. "Aid Instruments in Fragile States," PRDE Working Paper 5 (London: Poverty Reduction in Difficult Environments Team, Department for International Development (DFID), 2005), p. 40.
81. David Campbell, D. J. Clark, and Kate Manzo, curators, Imaging Famine (www.imaging-famine.org), an exhibition at the Newsroom (London: Guardian and Observer Archive and Advisor Centre, 5 August-9 September 2005).
82. Mervyn Jones, Two Ears of Corn: Oxfam in Action(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1965), pp. 43-44.
83. Foucault, note 17, p. 241.
84. Judith Butler, Precarious Lives (New York: Verso, 2004), p. 56.
85. Mark Duffield, forthcoming, Development, Security and Indefinite War: Governing the World of People (Cambridge, Mass.: Polity Press, 2007).
86. Mark Duffield and Nicholas Waddell. "Securing Humans in a Dangerous World," International Politics 43 (2006): 1-23.
87. United Nations (UN), "A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility," Report of the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (New York: UN, General Assembly (A/59/565), 2004), p. 11.
88. ICISS, note 62, p. 6.
89. Daniel Warner, "The Responsibility to Protect and Irresponsible, Cynical Engagement," Millennium 32, no. 1 (2003): 114.
90. Strategy Unit, "Investing in Prevention: an International Strategy to Manage Risks of Instability and Improve Crisis Response," A Strategy Unit Report to the Government (London: Prime Minister's Strategy Unit, Cabinet Office, 2005).
91. Leader and Colenso, note 70, p. 9.
92. Hilary Benn, "The Development Challenge in Crisis States," Speech by the Rt. Hon. Hilary Benn MP., London School of Economics, 4 March 2004.
93. Collier, note 58.
94. Strategy Unit, note 80, pp. 4-9.
95. Ibid., p. 11.
96. Ibid.
97. Ibid., p. 12.
98. Magüi Torres and Michael Anderson, "Fragile States: Defining Difficult Environments for Poverty Reduction," PRDE Working Paper 1 (London: Department for International Development, Poverty Reduction in Difficult Environments [PRDE] Team, 2004).
99. Eldon, note 42; Douzinas, note 12.
100. Michael Ignatieff, Empire Lite: Nation-Building in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan (London: Vintage, 2003).
101. Harrison, note 34.
102. John Pender, "Less Interests, More Influence: The Paradox of Poverty Reduction and the Redefinition of Development," paper presented at SAID Workshop, 28 April 2005, p. 15.
103. Graham Harrison, "Post-Conditionality Politics and Administrative Reform: Reflections on the Case of Uganda and Tanzania," Development and Change 32, no, 4 (2001): 669.
104. Harrison, note 34, pp. 30-32.
105. Mehta, note 8, p. 192.
106. Magnus Hörnqvist, "The Birth of Public Order Policy," Race and Class 46, no. 1 (2004): 30-52.
107. Oxfam, Beyond the Headlines: An Agenda for Action to Protect Civilians in Neglected Conflicts (Oxford: Oxfam GB, 2003).
108. Giorgio Agamben, "On Security and Terror," Allgemeine Zeitung, 20 September 2001.