Light and electron microscope studies of effects of 50Hz electromagnetic fields on preincubated chick embryo

Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 83-98

  Lahijani, M Shams ^a   Nojooshi, S Ebrahimi ^a   Siadat, S F ^a  

^a SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Chick embryo; Electromagnetic fields; Light and electron microscope (SEM and TEM)

Indexed keywords

BRAIN; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; MORPHOLOGY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

CHICK EMBRYO; GROWTH RETARDATION; INCUBATED; NUCLEAR ENVELOPE; NUCLEUS;

CELL CULTURE;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BRAIN; CELL NUCLEUS; CHICK EMBRYO; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; GOLGI COMPLEX; METHODOLOGY; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT; RADIATION EXPOSURE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TIME; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; CELL NUCLEUS; CHICK EMBRYO; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; GOLGI APPARATUS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, TRANSMISSION; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 34547262825     PISSN: 15368378     EISSN: 15368386     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15368370601185888     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Abdullakhdzhayeza, M. S., Razykov, S. P. (1986). Structural changes in the central nervous system caused by exposure to permanent magnetic field. Bull. Eksp. Biol. Med. 102:600-602.
2. Abit, B. D., Russell, D., Owen, L. W. (1999). Ornithine decarboxylase activity in developing chick embryos after exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 265:211-213.
3. Adey, W. R. (1988). Cell membranes: the electromagnetic environment and cancer promotion. Neurochem. Res. 13:671-677.
4. Badzhinian, S. A., Meliksetina, A. M., Kazarian, P. A., Malakian, M. G., Grigorian, D. S. (2002). Electromagnetic fields of millimeter range effect on the structure and functional properties of erythrocyte membranes. Radiat. Biol. Radioecol. 42(5):551-555.
5. Bardassano, J. I., Meyer, A. J., Picazo, L. (1986). Pineal cells with multipolar spindle in chicken embryos exposed to magnetic fields. First Trials Z. Microsk. Anat. Forsch. Leipzig 100:85-92.
6. Blackman, C. F., Benane, S. G., Elliot, D. J., House, D. E., Pollock, M. M. (1988). Influence of electromagnetic fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro: a three model analysis consistent with the frequency response up to 510 Hz. Bioelectromagnetics 6:1-11.
7. Blackman, C. F., Benane, S. G., Kinney, L. S., House, D. E., Joines, W. T. (1982). Effects of ELF fields on calcium influx from brain tissue in vitro. Radiat. Res. 92:510-520.
8. Bozzola, J. J., Lonnie, D. L. (1999). Electron Microscopy Principles and Techniques for Biology. 2nd ed. John and Bartlett.
9. Britt, M. S., Karl, J. J. (1995). Fetal loss in mice exposed to magnetic fields during early pregnancy. Bioelectromagnetics 16:284-289.
10. Butros, J. (1972). Action of spermine on early chick development morphogenesis and histogenesis. Teratology 6:181-190.
11. Cameron, I. L., Hunter, K. E., Winters, W. D. (1985). Retardation of embryogenesis by extremely low frequency 60 Hz electromagnetic fields. Physiol. Chem. Phys. Med. N.M.R. 17:135-138.
12. Cohen, M., Lippman, M., Chabner, B. (1978). Role of pineal gland in an etiology and treatment of breast cancer. Bioelectromagnetics 2:814-816.
13. Cossarizza, A., Monti, D., Bersani, F., Cantini, M., Cadossi, R., Saachi, A., Franceschi, C. (1989). Extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields increase cell proliferation in lymphocytes from young and aged subjects. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160(2):692-698.
14. Delgado, J. M. R., Leal, J., Monteagudo, J. L., Gracia, M. G. (1982). Embryological changes induced by weak, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. J. Anat. 134:533-551.
15. Detlevs, I., Dombrovskai, L., Turauska, A., Shkirmante, B., Slutskii, L. (1996). Experimental study of the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on animals with soft tissue wounds. Sci. Total Environ. 180:35-42.
16. DiCarlo, A. L., Litovitz, T. A. (1999). Is genetics the unrecognized confounding factor in bioelectromagnetics? Flock-dependence of field-induced anoxia protection in chick embryos. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 48:209-215.
17. DiCarlo, A. L., Mullins, J. M., Litovitz, T. A. (2000). Thresholds for electromagnetic field - induced hypoxia protection: evidence for a primary electric field effect. Bioelectrochemistry 52:9-16.
18. Dindar, H., Renda, N., Barlas, M., Akinay, A., Yazgen, E., Tincert, T., Cakmak, M., Konkan, R., Gokcora, I. H., Yucesan, S. (1993). The effect of electromagnetic field stimulation on corticosteroids - inhibited intestinal wound healing. Tokai J. Exp. Clin. Med. 18:49-55.
19. Espinar, A., Piera, V., Carmona, A., Guerrero, J. M. (1997). Histological changes during development of the cerebellum in the chick embryo exposed to a static magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 18:36-46.
20. Farrell, J. M., Barber, M., Doinov, P., Krause, D., Litovitz, T. A. (1993). Effect of 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields on ornithine decarboxylase activity in developing chick embryos. In: Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine. Sanfrancisco Press Inc., pp. 342-344.
21. Farrell, J. M., Barber, M., Krause, D., Litovitz, T. A. (1996). Effects of weak electromagnetic fields on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in developing chicken embryos. Bioelecterochem. Bioenerg. 43(1): 13-18.
22. Farrell, J. M., Litovitz, T. A., Penafiel, M., Montrose, C. J., Doinov, P., Barber, M., Brown, K. M., Litovitz, T. A. (1997). The effect of pulsed and sinusoidal magnetic fields on the morphology of developing chick embryos. Bioelectromagnetics 18(6):431-438.
23. Feychting, M., Ahlbom, A. (1994). Magnetic fields and cancer in children residing near high voltage power lines. Epidemiology 5:501-509.
24. Finnel, R. H., Gelineau-Van Waes, J., Eudy, J. D., Rosenquist, T. H. (2002). Genetic regulation of susceptibility to environmentally induced birth defects. Ann. Rev. Phamachol. Toxicol. 42:181-208.
25. Frey, A. H. (1993). Electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. FASEB J. 7:272-281.
26. Fulton, J. P., Cobb, S., Preble, L., Leone, L., Forman, E. (1980). Electrical wiring configurations and childhood leukemia in Rhode Island. Am. J. Epidemiol. 111:292-296.
27. Galt, S., Wahlstrom, J., Hammenius, Y., Holmquist, D., Johannesson, T. (1995). Study of effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on chromosome aberrations and the growth related enzyme ODC in human amniotic cells. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 36:1-8.
28. Gayle, C., Indham, G. C., Shanna, H. S., Neutra, R. (1990). Use of video display terminals during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, or intrauterine growth retardation. Am. J. Indu. Med. 18:675-688.
29. Goodman, R., Henderson, A. (1988). Exposure of salivary gland cells to low-frequency electromagnetic fields alters poly-peptide synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 85(11):3928-3932.
30. Greenbaum, B., Sutton, C. H., Vadula, M. S., Battocletti, J. H., Swiontek, T., Dekeyser, J., Sisken, B. F. (1996). Effects of pulsed magnetic fields in neurite outgrowth from chick embryo dorsal root ganglia. Bloelectromagnetics 17(4):293-300.
31. Groh, K. R., Ehret, C. F., Readey, M. A. (1987). Photoperiodic phase radios of entrainment influence phase shifts in the circadian acrophase of activity following exposure to 60 Hz electric fields in the mouse peromyscus. Bioelectromagn. Soc. Conf. Portland USA.
32. Harland, J. D., Liburdy, R. P. (1996). ELF inhibition of melatonin and tamoxifen action on MCF-7 cell proliferation. Electromagnetic Forum 1(2). Article 4.
33. Hughes, J. T. (1994). Electromagnetic fields and brain tumors: a commentary. Teratolol. Carcinogen 14:213-217.
34. Juutilainen, J., Saalik, K. (1986). Development of chick embryos in 1 Hz to 1KHz magnetic fields. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 25:135-140.
35. Kimberly, J. F., David, M. B., Lionie, D. L., Paul, C. L. (2000). Effects of electromagnetic fields on the reproductive success of American kestrels. Physiolog. Biochem. Zoology 73(1):60-65.
36. Kirshvink, J. L., Kirshvink, A. K., Diaz-Ricci, J. C., Kirshvink, S. J. (1992). Magnetic in human tissue: a mechanism for biological effects of weak ELF magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 1:101-113.
37. Kowalczuk, C. I., Robbins, L., Thomas, J. M., Butland, B. K., Saunders, R. D. (1994). Effects of prenatal exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields on development of mice 1. Implantation rate and fetal development. Bioelectromagnetics 15:349-361.
38. 53-independendent apoptosis in uv-irradiated mouse skin: possible inhibition by 50 Hz magnetic field. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 41(2):155-158.
39. Kurup, R. K., Kurup, P. A. (2003). Hypothalamic digoxin, geomanetic fields and human disease: a hypothesis. Med. Hypothsis 60:237-242.
40. Levallois, P., Dumont, M., Touitou, Y., Gingras, S., Masse, B., Gauvin, D., Krogger, E., Bourdays, M., Douville, P. (2002). Effects of electric and magnetic fields from high power lines on female urinary excretion of 60-sulfo-toxy-melatonin. Am. J. Epidemiol. 154:601-609.
41. Levin, M. (1997). DC magnetic field effects on early sea urchin development. Bioelectromagnetics 18(3):255-263.
42. Liburdy, R. P., Callahan, D. E., Hrland, J., Dunlam, E., Solma, T. R., Yaswen, P. (1993). Experimental evidence for 60 Hz magnetic fields operating through the signal transduction cascade: effects on influx and c-Myc mRNA Induction. Feb. Lett. 334:301-308.
43. Lin, S. R., Lu, P. Y. (1989). An epidemiologic study of childhood cancer in relation to residential exposure to electromagnetic fields. Abstract from DOE/EPRI Contractors Meeting. Portland, USA.
44. Linnet, M. S., Hatch, E. E., Kleinerman, R. A., Robison, L. L., Kaune, W. T., Friedman, D. R., Severson, R. K., Haines, C. M., Hartsock, C. T., Niwa, S., Wacholder, S., Trane, R. E. (1997). Residental exposure to magnetic fields and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. New Engl. J. Med. 337:1-7.
45. Litovitz, T. A., Krause, D., Montrose, C. J., Mullins, J. M. (1994). Temporally incoherent magnetic fields mitigate the response of biological systems to temporally coherent magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 15:399-409.
46. Litovitz, T. A., Krause, D., Mullins, J. M. (1994). Effect of coherence time of the applied magnetic field on ornithine decarboxylase activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178(3):862-865.
47. 4 osteocyte-like cells and ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells. J. Orthop. Res. 21(2):326-334.
48. London, S. J., Thomas, D. C., Bowman, J. D., Sobel, E., Peters, J. M. (1991). Exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia. Am. J. Epidemiol. 134:923-937.
49. Loscher, W., Mevissen, M. (1994). Animal studies on the role of 50/60 Hz magnetic fields in carcinogenesis. Life Sci. 54(21):1531-1543.
50. Marino, A. A., Kolomytkin, O. V., Frilot, C. (2003). Extracellular currents alter gap junction intercellular communication in synovial fibroblasts. Bioelectromagnetics 24(3): 199-205.
51. McDonald, L. J., Loberg, L. I., McCormick, J. R., Gauger, R. E., Savage, R. E. Jr., Zhu, L. W., Lotz, W. G., Manderille, R., Owen, R. D., Cress, L. W., Desta, A. B. (1999). Ornithine decarboxylase activity in developing chick embryo after exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields, including harmonic transient field characteristics. Toxicol. Mechan. Meth. 13(1):31-38.
52. Montserrat, J., Miguel, T., Rosa, G., Auxiliadora, E., Pedro, C., Veronica, P. (1999). Effects of static electromagnetic fields on chick embryo pineal gland development. Cells Tissues Organs 165:74-80.
53. Myers, A., Clayden, A. D., Cartwright, R. A., Cartwright, S. C. (1989). Childhood cancer and overhead power lines: a case control study. Br. J. Cancer 63:977-978.
54. Olsen, J. H., Nielsen, A., Schulgen, G. (1993). Residence near high voltage facilities and risk of cancer in children. Br. Med. J. 307:891-895.
55. Piera, V., Espinar, A., Torrente, J. M., Cobos, P., Perez-Castilla, J. (1997). Effecto de los campos electromagneticos continuos sobre el permanent magnetic field. Biull. Eksp. Boil. Med. 102:600-602.
56. Pool, R. (1990). Electromagnetic fields: the biological evidence. Science 249:1378-1381.
57. Reiter, R. J. (1987). The melatonin message: duration versus coincidence hypothesis. Life Sci. 46:2119-2131.
58. Reiter, R. J., Hurlbut, E. C., Esquifino, A. I., Esquifino, A. L., Champney, T. H., Steger, R. W. (1984). Changes in serotonin levels in the pineal gland of the Richardson's ground squirrel in relation to the light-dark cycle. Neuroendocrinology 39:356-60.
59. Rooze, M., Hinsenkamp, M. (1985). In vivo modifications induced by electromagnetic stimulation of chicken embryos. Reconstr. Surg. Traum. 19:87-92.
60. Savitz, D. A., Wachtel, H., Barnes, F. A., John, E. M., Tvrdik, J. G. (1988). Case control study of childhood cancer and exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields. Am. J. Epidemiol. 128:21-38.
61. Semm, P., Schneider, T., Vollrath, L. (1980). Effects of on earth-strength magnetic fields on electrical activity of pineal gland. Nature 288:607-608.
62. Severson, R. K., Stevens, R. G., Kaune, W. T., Thomas, D. B., Heuser, L., Davis, S., Sever, L. E. (1988). Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and residential exposure to power frequency magnetic fields. Am. J. Epidemiol. 128:10-20.
63. Shams Lahijani, M., Ghafoori, M. (1999). Teratogenic effects of sinusoidal extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the morphology of 24hrs chick (white leghorn) embryos. Ind. J. Experi. Biol. 38:692-699.
64. Shams Lahijani, M., Rajabi Maham, H. (2000). Teratogenic effects on morphology and skeletal structure of chick embryos after exposure to 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields. Iranian J. Sci. Technol. 24(2):173-182.
65. Shams Lahijani, M., Sajadi K. (2004). Development of preincubated chicken (white leghorn) eggs, following Exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields with 1.33-7.32mT flux densities. Ind. J. Experi. Biol. 42:858-865.
66. Shams Lahijani, M., Sharifnia, Kh. (1998). Effects on chick embryos (white leghorn) exposed to 50 Hz alternative electromagnetic fields during different developmental stages. Iranian J. Sci. Technol. 23(4):301-305.
67. Shams Lahijani, M., Sharifnia, Kh., Rajabi Maham, H. (1998). Effects of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on pre and postincubated chick embryo. J. Pajoohesh Sazandegi 3(12):108-111.
68. Soleimani, M., Katebi, M., Soleimani Rad, J. (1997). The effects of electromagnetic field on heart development. 13th Congress of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran.
69. Stuchly, M. A., Lecuyer, D. W., McLean, J. R. N. (1991). Cancer promotion in a mouse-skin model by a 60-Hz magnetic field: II Tumor development and immune response. Bioelectromagnetics 12:273-287.
70. Tamarkin, L., Cohen, M., Rosselle, D., Reichert, C., Lippman, M., Chabner, B. (1993). Evidence for direct effects of magnetic fields on neurite growth. FASEB J. 7:801-806.
71. Ubeda, A., Leal, J., Trillo, M. A., Jiminez, M. A., Delgado, J. M. R. (1983). Pulse shape of magnetic fields influences chick embryogenesis. J. Anat. 137:513-536.
72. Veisteinas, A., Belleri, M., Cinquetti, A., Parolini, S., Barbato, G. M., Tosatti, M. P. (1996). Developmental of chicken embryos exposed on an intermittent horizontal sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 17:411-424.
73. Verksalo, P. K., Pukala, E., Hongisto, M. Y., Valjus, J. E., Heikkila, K. V., Koskenvuo, M. (1993). Risk of cancer in Finnish children living close to power lines. Brit. Med. J. 307:895-899.
74. Walleczek, J. (1992). Electromagnetic field effects on cells of the immune system: the role of calcium signalling. FASEB J. 6:3177-3185.
75. Welker, H. A., Semm, P., Willing, R. P., Commentz, J. C., Wiltschko, W., Vollrath, L. (1983). Effects of an artificial magnetic fields on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland. Exp. Brain Res. 50(2-3):426-432.
76. Wertheimer, N., Leeper, E. (1979). Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. Am. J. Epidemiol. 109:273-83.
77. Whalstraom, O. (1984). Stimulation of fracture healing with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency. Clin. Orthop. 186:293-301.
78. Wilson, B. W., Anderson, L. E., Hilton, D. I., Philips, R. D. (1981). Chronic exposure to 60 Hz electric fields: effects on pineal function in the rat. Bioelectromagnetics 2(4):371-380.
79. Yaga, K., Reiter, R. J., Manchester, L. C., Nieves, H., Sun, J. H., Chen, L. D. (1993). Pineal sensitivity to pulsed static magnetic fields changes during the photoperiod. Brain Res. Bull. 30(1-2):153-156.
80. Youngson, J. H., Clayden, A. D., Myers, A., Cartwright, R. A. A. (1991). A case control study of adult haematological malignancies in relation to overhead power lines. Br. J. of Cancer 63:977-985.
81. Zecca, L., Mantegazza, C., Margonato, V., Cerretelli, P., Caniatti, M., Piva, F., Dondi, D., Hagino, N. (1995). Biological effects of prolonged exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields in rats.III: 50Hz electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 16:343-355.
82. 43 in Chinese hamster lung cells. Bioelectromagnetics 24(2): 134-138.