메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 527-541

Pulmonary hypertension: Current diagnosis and treatment

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs); Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors; Prostanoids; Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); Pulmonary hypertension (PH)

Indexed keywords

AMBRISENTAN; AMLODIPINE; BERAPROST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BOSENTAN; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIGOXIN; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ILOPROST; NIFEDIPINE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V INHIBITOR; PROSTACYCLIN; PROSTAGLANDIN; SILDENAFIL; SITAXSENTAN; UNIPROST;

EID: 34547100954     PISSN: 18610684     EISSN: 18610692     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00392-007-0526-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (55)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 34547134978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actelion Pharamceuticals (2006) data on file
    • Actelion Pharamceuticals (2006) data on file
  • 2
    • 0036644465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Thoracic Society (2002) ATS statement: guidelines for the sixminute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:111-117
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 111
    • American1
  • 3
    • 3142726157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Badesch DB, Abman SH, Ahearn GS, Barst RJ, McCrory DC, Simonneau G, Mc Laughlin VV, American College of Chest Physicians (2004) Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 126 (Suppl 1):35S-62S
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126
    • Badesch1
  • 4
    • 17144452827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Badesch DB, Tapson VF, McGoon MD, Brundage BH, Rubin LJ, Wigley FM, Rich S, Barst RJ, Barrett PS, Kral KM, Jobsis MM, Loyd JE, Murali S, Frost A, Girgis R, Bourge RC, Ralph DD, Elliott CG, Hill NS, Langleben D, Schilz RJ, McLaughlin VV, Robbins IM, Groves BM, Shapiro S, Medsger TA Jr (2000) Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 132:425-434
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 425
    • Badesch1
  • 5
    • 33646255654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barst RJ, Langleben D, Badesch D, Frost A, Lawrence EC, Shapiro S, Naeije R, Galié N, on behalf of the STRIDE-2 Study Group (2006) Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with the selective endothelin - A receptor antagonist sitaxsentan. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:2049-2056
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 2049
    • Barst1
  • 6
    • 10744230817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barst RJ, Langleben D, Frost A, Horn EM; Oudiz R, Shapiro S, McLaughlin VV; Hill N, Tapson VF, Robbins IM, Zwicke D, Duncan B, Dixon RA, Frumkin LR (2004) Sitaxsentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:441-447
    • (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.169 , pp. 441
    • Barst1
  • 7
    • 0038037766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barst RJ, McGoon M, McLaughlin V, Tapson V, Rich S, Rubin L, Wasserman K, Oudiz R, Shapiro S, Robbins IM, Channick R, Badesch D, Rayburn BK, Flinchbaugh R, Sigman J, Arneson C, Jeffs R; Beraprost Study Group (2003) Beraprost therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:2119-2125
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 2119
    • Barst1
  • 8
    • 2942603006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barst RJ, McGoon M, Torbicki A, Sitbon O, Krowka M, Olschewski H, Gaine SP (2004) Diagnosis and differential assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:40S-47S
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43
    • Barst1
  • 9
    • 0030031888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, McGoon MD, Rich S, Badesch DB, Groves BM, Tapson VF, Bourge RC, Brundage BH et al (1996) A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. The Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. N Engl J Med 334:296-302
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 296
    • Barst1
  • 10
    • 0034435496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bossone E, Alvelar E, Bach DS et al (2000) Diagnostic value of resting tricuspid regurgitation velocity and right ventricular ejection flow parameters parameters for the detection of exercise induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Card Imaging 16:429-436
    • (2000) Int J Card Imaging , vol.16 , pp. 429
    • Bossone1
  • 11
    • 19844377303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bossone E, Bodini BD, Mazza A, Allegra L (2005) Pulmonary arterial hypertension: the key role of echocardiography. Chest 127:1836-1843
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 1836
    • Bossone1
  • 12
    • 0033133521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bossone E, Rubenfire M, Bach DS, Ricciardi M, Armstrong WF (1999) Range of tricuspid regurgitation velocity at rest and during exercise in normal adult men: implications for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:1662-1666
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 1662
    • Bossone1
  • 13
    • 0035818316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Channick RN, Simmoneau G, Sitbon O, Robbins IM, Frost A, Tapson VF, Badesch DB, Roux S, Rainisio M, Bodin F, Rubin LJ (2001) Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 358:1119-1123
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1119
    • Channick1
  • 14
    • 22144433036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaouat A, Bugnet A-S, Kadaoui N, Schott R, Enache I, Ducoloné A, Ehrhart M, Kessler R, Weitzenblum E (2005) Severe pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172:189-194
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.172 , pp. 189
    • Chaouat1
  • 15
    • 0036532502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cremers B, Kjelström B, Südkamp M, Böhm M (2002) Hemodynamic monitoring during sexual intercourse and physical exercise in a patient with chronic heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Med 112:428-430
    • (2002) Am J Med , vol.112 , pp. 428
    • Cremers1
  • 16
    • 0022355748 scopus 로고
    • Currie PJ, Seward JB, Chan KL (1985) Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a simultaneous Doppler- catheterization study in 127 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 6:750-756
    • (1985) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.6 , pp. 750
    • Currie1
  • 17
    • 0025837793 scopus 로고
    • D'Alonzo GE, Barst RJ, Ayres SM, Bergofsky EH, Brundage BH, Detre KM, Fishman AP, Goldring RM, Groves BM, Kernis JT et al (1991) Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry. Ann Intern Med 115:343-349
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 343
    • D'Alonzo1
  • 18
    • 0030841153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Denton C, Cailes J, Phillips G, Wells A, Black C, Du Bois M (1997) Comparison of Doppler echocardiography and right heart catheterization to assess pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Br J Rheumatol 36:239-243
    • (1997) Br J Rheumatol , vol.36 , pp. 239
    • Denton1
  • 19
    • 5344233478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farber HW, Loscalzo J (2004) Pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 351:1655-31665
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1655
    • Farber1
  • 20
    • 33646476400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fijalkowska A, Kurzyna M, Torbicki A, Szewczyk G, Florczyk M, Pruszczyk P, Szturmowicz M (2006) Serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic parameter in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Chest 129:1313-1321
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 1313
    • Fijalkowska1
  • 21
    • 33750579180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forfia PR, Fisher MR, Mathai SC, Housten-Harris T, Hemnes AR, Borlaug BA, Chamera E, Corretti MC, Champion HC, Abraham TP, Girgis RE, Hassoun PM (2006) Tricuspid annular displacement predicts survival in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 174:1034-1041
    • (2006) Am J Resp Crit Care Med , vol.174 , pp. 1034
    • Forfia1
  • 22
    • 0036569119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galié N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, Vizza CD, Kneussl M, Manes A, Sitbon O, Torbicki A, Delcroix M, Naeije R, Hoeper M, Chaouat A, Morand S, Besse B, Simonneau G; Arterial Pulmonary Hypertension and Beraprost European (ALPHABET) Study Group (2002) Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:1496-1502
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 1496
    • Galié1
  • 23
    • 2942544581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galié N, Seeger W, Naeije R, Simmoneau G, Rubin RJ (2004a) Comparative analysis of clinical trials and evidence- based treatment algorithm in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(Suppl S):S81-S88
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 81
    • Galié1
  • 24
    • 10044258461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galié N, Torbicki A, Barst R, Dartevelle P, Haworth S, Higenbottam T et al (2004b) Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. ESC Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 25:2243-2278
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 2243
    • Galié1
  • 25
    • 26444534291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galié N, Ghofrani HA, Torbicki A, Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Badesch D, Fleming T, Parpia T, Burgess G, Branzi A, Grimminger F, Kurzyna M, Simmoneau G, for the Sildenafil Use in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (SUPER) Study Group (2005) Sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 353:2148-2157
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2148
    • Galié1
  • 26
    • 0037446982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghofrani HA, Schermuly RT, Rose F, Wiedemann R, Kohstall MG, Kreckel A et al (2003) Sildenafil for long-term treatment of nonoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:1139-1141
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.167 , pp. 1139
    • Ghofrani1
  • 27
    • 0037152092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghofrani HA, Wiedemann R, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Weissmann N, Gunther A, Walmrath D, Seeger W, Grimminger F (2002) Sildenafil for the treatment of lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 360:895-900
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 895
    • Ghofrani1
  • 28
    • 0037006966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghofrani HA, Wiedemann R, Rose F, Olschewski H, Schermuly RT, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Grimminger F (2002) Combination therapy with oral sildenafil and inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. Ann Intern Med 136:515-522
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.136 , pp. 515
    • Ghofrani1
  • 29
    • 0036754191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hertz MI, Taylor DO, Trulock EP et al (2002) The registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: nineteenth official report 2002. J Heart Lung Transplant 21:950-970
    • (2002) J Heart Lung Transplant , vol.21 , pp. 950
    • Hertz1
  • 30
    • 10444246635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Höper MM, Faulenbach C, Golpon H, Winkler J, Welte T, Niedermeyer J (2004) Combination therapy with bosentan and sildenafil in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 24:1007-1010
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.24 , pp. 1007
    • Höper1
  • 31
    • 27744504402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Höper MM, Markevych I, Spiekerkötter E, Welte T, Niedermeyer J (2005) Goal-oriented treatment and combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 26:858-863
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.26 , pp. 858
    • Höper1
  • 32
    • 0041742185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Höper MM, Taha N, Bekjarova A, Gatzke R, Spiekerkoetter E (2003) Bosentan treatment in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving nonparenteral prostanoids. Eur Respir J 22:330-334
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.22 , pp. 330
    • Höper1
  • 33
    • 2942541475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humbert M, Morrell NW, Archer SL, Stenmark KR, MacLean MR, Lang IM, Christman BW, Weir EK, Eickelberg O, Voelkel NF, Rabinovitch M (2004a) Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(Suppl S):13S-24S
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43
    • Humbert1
  • 34
    • 4644290657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humbert M, Sitbon O, Simonneau G (2004b) Treatment of pulmonary arterial arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 351:1425-1436
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1425
    • Humbert1
  • 35
    • 0021321797 scopus 로고
    • Kaul S, Tei C, Hopkins JM, Shah PM (1984) Assessment of right ventricular function using two-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J 107:526-531
    • (1984) Am Heart J , vol.107 , pp. 526
    • Kaul1
  • 36
    • 2942541465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Klepetko W, Mayer E, Sandoval J, Trulock EP, Vachiery JL, Dartevelle P, Pepke-Zaba J, Jamieson SW, Lang I, Corris P (2004) Interventional and surgical modalities of treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(Suppl S):73S-80S
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43
    • Klepetko1
  • 37
    • 19844361803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lepore JJ, Maroo A, Bigatello LM, Dec GW, Zapol WM, Bloch KD, Semigran MJ (2005) Hemodynamic effects of sildenafil in patients with congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Chest 127:1647-1653
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 1647
    • Lepore1
  • 38
    • 0037106989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lepore JJ, Maroo A, Pereira NL, Ginns LC, Dec GW, Zapol WM, Bloch KD, Semigran MJ (2002) Effect of sildenafil on the acute pulmonary vasodilator response to inhaled nitric oxide in adults with primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol 90(6):677-680
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.90 , pp. 677
    • Lepore1
  • 39
    • 33846099444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lewis GD, Lachmann J, Camuso J, Lepore JJ, Shin J, Martinovic ME, Systrom DM, Bloch KD, Semigran MJ (2007) Sildenafil improves exercise hemodynamics and oxygen uptake in patients with systolic heart failure. Circulation 115:59-66
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 59
    • Lewis1
  • 40
    • 0034765287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnussen H, Geockenjan G, Kohler D, Matthys H, Morr H, Worth H et al (2001) Guidelines to long-term oxygen therapy. Pneumologie 55:454-464
    • (2001) Pneumologie , vol.55 , pp. 454
    • Magnussen1
  • 41
    • 0022498379 scopus 로고
    • Masuyama T, Kodama K, Kitabatake A, Sato H, Nanto S, Inoue M (1986) Continuous- wave Doppler echocardiographic detection of pulmonary regurgitation and its application to noninvasive estimation of pulmonary artery pressure. Circulation 74:484-492
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 484
    • Masuyama1
  • 42
    • 3142692425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McGoon M, Gutterman D, Steen V, Barst R, McCrory DC, Fortin TA, Loyd JE; American College of Chest Physicians (2004) Screening, early detection, and diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence- based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 126(Suppl 1):14S-34S
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126
    • McGoon, M.1
  • 43
    • 12244251412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McLaughlin VV, Gaine SP, Barst RJ, Oudiz RJ, Bourge RC, Frost A, Robbins IM, Tapson VF, McGoon MD, Badesch DB, Sigman J, Roscigno R, Blackburn SD, Arneson C, Rubin LJ, Rich S; Treprostinil Study Group (2003) Efficacy and safety of treprostinil: an epoprostenol analog for primary pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 41:293-299
    • (2003) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.41 , pp. 293
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1
  • 44
    • 33748998458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McLaughlin VV, McGoon MD (2006) Pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 114:1417-1431
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 1417
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1
  • 45
    • 33845526777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McLaughlin VV, Oudiz RJ, Frost A, Tapson VF, Murali S, Channick RN, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Hsu HH, Rubin LJ (2006) Randomized study of adding inhaled iloprost to existing bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 174:1257-1263
    • (2006) Am J Resp Crit Care Med , vol.174 , pp. 1257
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1
  • 46
    • 0037126044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McLaughlin VV, Shillington A, Rich S (2002) Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension: the impact of epoprostenol therapy. Circulation 106:1477-1482
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1477
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1
  • 47
    • 13844280943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McLaughlin VV, Sitbon O, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Black C, Galié N, Rainisio M, Simonneau G, Rubin RJ (2005) Survival with first-line bosentan in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 25:244-249
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.25 , pp. 244
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1
  • 48
    • 0035808004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McQuillan BM, Picard MH, Leavitt M, Weymann AE (2001) Clinical correlates and reference intervals for pulmonary artery systolic pressures among echocardiographically normal subjects. Circulation 104:2797-2802
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2797
    • McQuillan, V.V.1
  • 49
    • 33749525364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mereles D, Ehlken N, Kreuscher S, Ghofrani S, Hoeper MM, Halank M, Meyer J, Karger G, Buss J, Juenger J, Holzapfel N, Opitz C, Winkler J, Herth FFJ, Wilkens H, Katus HA, Olschewski H, Grünig E (2006) Exercise and respiratory training improve exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with severe chronic pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 114:1482-1489
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 1482
    • Mereles1
  • 50
    • 0037150158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Michelakis E, Tymchak W, Lien D, Webster L, Hashimoto K, Archer S (2002) Oral sildenafil is an effective and specific pulmonary vasodilator in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: comparison with inhaled nitric oxide. Circulation 105:2398-2403
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2398
    • Michelakis1
  • 51
    • 0034107636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miyamoto S, Nagaya N, Satoh T, Kyotani S, Sakamaki F, Fujita M, Nakanishi N, Miyatake K (2000) Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of six-minute walk test in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Comparison with cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:487-492
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 487
    • Miyamoto1
  • 52
    • 0034702908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nagaya N, Nishikimi T, Uematsu M, Satoh T, Kyotani S, Sakamaki F, Kakishita M, Fukushima K, Okano Y, Nakanishi N, Miyatake K, Kangawa K (2000) Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic indicator in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 102:865-870
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 865
    • Nagaya1
  • 53
    • 3042511852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newman JH, Fanburg BL, Archer SL, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Garcia JG, Kao PN, Knowles JA, Loyd JE, McGoon MD, Morse JH, Nichols WC, Rabinovitch M, Rodman DM, Stevens T, Tuder RM, Voelkel NF, Gail DB; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/ Office of Rare Diseases (2004) Pulmonary arterial hypertension: future directions. Report of a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/Office of Rare Diseases workshop. Circulation 109:2947-2952
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 2947
    • Newman1
  • 54
    • 2942581061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newman JH, Trembath RC, Morse JA, Grunig E, Loyd JE, Adnot S, Coccolo F, Ventura C, Phillips JA 3rd, Knowles JA, Janssen B, Eickelberg O, Eddahibi S, Herve P, Nichols WC, Elliott G (2004) Genetic basis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: current understanding and future directions. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(Suppl S12):33S-39S
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43
    • Newman1
  • 55
    • 0010502787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary hypertension
    • Oh JK, Seward JB, Tajik AJ (eds) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
    • nd Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 215-222
    • (1999) nd Edition , pp. 215-222
    • Oh, J.K.1    Seward, J.B.2    Tajik, A.J.3
  • 56
    • 0034696634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olschewski H, Ghofrani HA, Schmehl T, Winkler J, Wilkens H, Höper MM, Behr J, Kleber FX, Seeger W (2000) Inhaled iloprost to treat severe pulmonary hypertension. An uncontrolled trial. German PPH Study Group. Ann Intern Med 132:435-443
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 435
    • Olschewski1
  • 57
    • 0032810972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olschewski H, Ghofrani HA, Walmrath D, Schermuly RT, Temmesfeld- Wollbrück B, Grimminger F et al (1999) Inhaled prostacyclin and iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:600-607
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.160 , pp. 600
    • Olschewski1
  • 59
    • 0036682273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olschewski H, Simmoneau G, Galié N, Higenbottam T, Naeije R, Rubin LJ, Nikkho S, Speich R, Höper MM, Behr J, Winkler J, Sitbon O, Popov W, Ghofrani HA, Manes A, Kiely DG, Ewert R, Meyer A, Corris PA, Delcroix M, Gomez-Sanchez M, Siedentop H, Seeger W; Aerosolized Iloprost Randomized Study Group (2002) Inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 347:322-329
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 322
    • Olschewski1
  • 60
    • 0033982953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ommen SR, Nishimura RA, Hurrell DG, Klarich KW (2000) Assessment of right atrial pressure with 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography: a simultaneous catheterization and echocardiographic study. Mayo Clin Proc 75:24-29
    • (2000) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.75 , pp. 24
    • Ommen1
  • 61
    • 24644507097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oudiz RJ (2005) The role of exercise testing in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sem Respir Crit Care Med 26:379-384
    • (2005) Sem Respir Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 379
    • Oudiz1
  • 62
    • 2442643903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pengo V, Lensing A, Prins M, Marchiori A, Davidson B, Tiozzo F, Albanese P, Biasiolo A, Pegoraro C, Iliceto S, Prandoni P (2004) Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 350:2257-2264
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 2257
    • Pengo1
  • 63
    • 0034978260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penning S, Robinson K, Major C, Garite T (2001) A comparison of echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheterization for evaluation of pulmonary artery pressures in pregnant patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184:1568-1570
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.184 , pp. 1568
    • Penning1
  • 64
    • 0037012377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raymond RJ, Hinderliter AL, Willis PW et al (2002) Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:1214-1219
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 1214
    • Raymond1
  • 65
    • 0026632785 scopus 로고
    • Rich S, Kaufmann E, Levy PS (1992) The effect of high doses of calciumchannel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 327:76-81
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 76
    • Rich1
  • 66
    • 0020075903 scopus 로고
    • Riedel M, Stanek V, Widimsky J, Prerovsky I (1982) Longterm follow-up of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism: late prognosis and evolution of hemodynamic and respiratory data. Chest 81:151-158
    • (1982) Chest , vol.81 , pp. 151
    • Riedel1
  • 67
    • 0642272533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosenkranz S, Diet F, Karasch T, Weihrauch J, Wassermann K, Erdmann E (2003) Sildenafil improved pulmonary hypertension and peripheral blood flow in a patient with scleroderma-associated lung fibrosis and the Raynaud phenomenon. Ann Intern Med 139:871-873
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.139 , pp. 871
    • Rosenkranz1
  • 68
    • 0037149718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rubin LJ, Badesh DB, Barst RJ, Galié N, Black CM, Keogh A, Pulido T, Frost A, Roux S, Leconte I, Landzberg M, Simmonneau G (2002) Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 346:896-903
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 896
    • Rubin1
  • 69
    • 0032145492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sandoval J, Gaspar J, Pulido T, Bautista E, Martinez-Guerra ML, Zeballos M, Palomar A, Gomez A (1998) Graded balloon dilation atrial septostomy in severe primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:297-304
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 297
    • Sandoval1
  • 70
    • 1842530387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sastry BK, Narasimhan C, Reddy NK, Raju BS (2004) Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1149-1153
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 1149
    • Sastry1
  • 71
    • 0036683421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scharf SM, Iqbal M, Keller C, Criner G, Lee S, Fessler HE (2002) Hemodynamic characterization of patients with severe emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:314-322
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 314
    • Scharf1
  • 72
    • 0037086133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simonneau G, Barst RJ, Galie N, Naeije R, Rich S, Bourge RC, Keogh A, Oudiz R, Frost A, Blackburn SD, Crow JW, Rubin LJ; Treprostinil Study Group (2002) Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:800-804
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 800
    • Simonneau1
  • 73
    • 2942522878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simonneau G, Galié N, Rubin L, Langleben D, Seeger W, Domenighetti G, Gibbs S, Lebrec D, Speich R, Beghetti M, Rich S, Fishman A (2004) Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(Suppl 1): 5S-12S
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43
    • Simonneau1
  • 74
    • 20544448927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sitbon O, Humbert M, Jais X, Ioos V, Hamid AM, Provencher S, Garcia G, Parent F, Hervé P, Simmoneau G (2005) Long-term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 111:3105-3111
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 3105
    • Sitbon1
  • 75
    • 0030281648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tei C, Dujardin KS, Hodge DO et al (1996) Doppler echocardiographic index for assessment of global right ventricular function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 9:838-847
    • (1996) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.9 , pp. 838
    • Tei1
  • 76
    • 0042433550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torbicki A, Kurzyna M, Kuca P, Fijalkowska A, Sikora J, Florczyk M, Pruszczyk P, Burakowski J, Wawrzynska L (2003) Detectable serum cardiac troponin T as a marker of poor prognosis among patients with chronic precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 108:844-848
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 844
    • Torbicki1
  • 77
    • 0037118681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wensel R, Opitz CF, Anker SD, Winkler J, Höffken G, Kleber FX, Sharma R, Hummel M, Hetzer R, Ewert R (2002) Assessment of survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Importance of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Circulation 106:319-324
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 319
    • Wensel1
  • 78
    • 0035845634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J, Forestier N, Cremers B, Hennen B, Bohm M, Sybrecht GW (2001) Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 104:1218-1222
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 1218
    • Wilkens1
  • 79
    • 0032076759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yeo TC, Dujardin KS, Tei C, Mahoney DW, McGoon MD, Seward JB (1998) Value of a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic time intervals in predicting outcome in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol 81:1157-1161
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 1157
    • Yeo1
  • 80
    • 32944475183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zahn R, Zeymer U, Scheidt T, Mark B, Layer G, Senges J (2006) An unusual cause of dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension in a patient with a symptom history of 20 years - "Just do it again". Clin Res Cardiol 95:68-71
    • (2006) Clin Res Cardiol , vol.95 , pp. 68
    • Zahn1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.