메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 169-177

Washington rises: Public financial support for intellectual disability in the United States, 1955-2004

Author keywords

Developmental disabilities; Financial support; Funding; Intellectual disability; Medicaid; Mental retardation; Public policy

Indexed keywords

CAREGIVER; COMMUNITY CARE; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; EMPLOYMENT; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; FUNDING; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; LAW; MEDICAID; MEDICARE; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; NURSING HOME; ORGANIZATION; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESIDENTIAL CARE; REVIEW; SPECIAL EDUCATION; UNITED STATES;

EID: 34447644038     PISSN: 10804013     EISSN: 10982779     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mrdd.20150     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (102)
  • 1
    • 8244250376 scopus 로고
    • Accreditation Council for Facilities for the Mentally Retarded, Chicago: Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals
    • Accreditation Council for Facilities for the Mentally Retarded. 1971. Standards for residential facilities for the mentally retarded. Chicago: Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals.
    • (1971) Standards for residential facilities for the mentally retarded
  • 3
    • 34447620017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baldini B. 1966. Suffer the little children, 5-part investigative report. Philadelphia: Channel 10 (ABC).
    • Baldini B. 1966. "Suffer the little children," 5-part investigative report. Philadelphia: Channel 10 (ABC).
  • 5
    • 0004131320 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Sons
    • Barr MW. 1904. Mental defectives. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Sons.
    • (1904) Mental defectives
    • Barr, M.W.1
  • 8
    • 34447650883 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral fisics
    • August, Bevilacqua, JJ, editor, Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company. p
    • Boggs EM. 1980. August. Behavioral fisics. In: Bevilacqua, JJ, editor. Changing government policies for the mentally disabled. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company. p. 39-99.
    • (1980) Changing government policies for the mentally disabled , pp. 39-99
    • Boggs, E.M.1
  • 10
    • 0033112934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and developmental disabilities: Demographic and policy issues affecting American families
    • Braddock D. 1999. Aging and developmental disabilities: demographic and policy issues affecting American families. Intellect disabil 37:155-161.
    • (1999) Intellect disabil , vol.37 , pp. 155-161
    • Braddock, D.1
  • 11
    • 0025961778 scopus 로고
    • Politics, public policy, and the development of community mental retardation services in the US
    • Braddock D, Fujiura GT. 1991. Politics, public policy, and the development of community mental retardation services in the US. AJMR 95:369-387.
    • (1991) AJMR , vol.95 , pp. 369-387
    • Braddock, D.1    Fujiura, G.T.2
  • 13
    • 0010906966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An institutional history of disability
    • Braddock D, editor, Washington DC: American Association on Mental Retardation. pp
    • Braddock D, Parish S. 2002. An institutional history of disability. In: Braddock D, editor. Disability at the dawn of the 21st century Washington DC: American Association on Mental Retardation. pp 3-61.
    • (2002) Disability at the dawn of the 21st century , pp. 3-61
    • Braddock, D.1    Parish, S.2
  • 17
    • 34447622029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 2005b. Medicare enrollment-disabled beneficiaries as of July 2003. Baltimore: Author.
    • Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 2005b. Medicare enrollment-disabled beneficiaries as of July 2003. Baltimore: Author.
  • 18
    • 43449088482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore: Author. Pub No. CMS-11014-05
    • Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 2005c. Medicaid at-a-glance 2005c: A medicaid information source. Baltimore: Author. Pub No. CMS-11014-05.
    • (2005) Medicaid at-a-glance 2005c: A medicaid information source
  • 20
    • 34447622574 scopus 로고
    • High costs and crowded institutions create great problems for mentally retarded. Cincinnati: Author
    • Cincinnati Sun. 1952. High costs and crowded institutions create great problems for mentally retarded. Cincinnati: Author.
    • (1952) Cincinnati Sun
  • 21
    • 34447634567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compilation of the Social Security Laws including the Social Security Act, as amended, through January 1, 1999
    • Committee on Ways and Means, Washington, DC: USGPO
    • Committee on Ways and Means. 1999. Compilation of the Social Security Laws including the Social Security Act, as amended, through January 1, 1999, presented at 106th Congress, 1st Session. Washington, DC: USGPO.
    • (1999) presented at 106th Congress, 1st Session
  • 22
    • 34447620190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congressional Budget Office. 2006. Congressional Budget Office estimate for S. 1932, Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, Washington, DC: Author.
    • Congressional Budget Office. 2006. Congressional Budget Office estimate for S. 1932, Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, Washington, DC: Author.
  • 25
    • 34447646377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive Office of the President. 2005. Budget of the U.S. Government, fiscal year 2006, historical tables. Washington, DC: Author.
    • Executive Office of the President. 2005. Budget of the U.S. Government, fiscal year 2006, historical tables. Washington, DC: Author.
  • 27
    • 34447638581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gilhool TK. 1989. The right to an effective education: from Brown to PL 94-142 and beyond. In: Kerzner Lipsky D, Gartner A, editors. Beyond separate education: quality education for all. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Pub.
    • Gilhool TK. 1989. The right to an effective education: from Brown to PL 94-142 and beyond. In: Kerzner Lipsky D, Gartner A, editors. Beyond separate education: quality education for all. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Pub.
  • 28
    • 0017674305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Halderman v. Pennhurst State School and Hospital, 446 F. Supp. 1295 (E.D. Pa. 1978), 3 MDLR 238 [filed 1974].
    • Halderman v. Pennhurst State School and Hospital, 446 F. Supp. 1295 (E.D. Pa. 1978), 3 MDLR 238 [filed 1974].
  • 29
    • 34447632910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horacek v. Exon, 357 F. Supp. 71 (D. Neb. 1973) [filed 1972].
    • Horacek v. Exon, 357 F. Supp. 71 (D. Neb. 1973) [filed 1972].
  • 30
    • 0031136041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class-action, civil rights litigation for institutionalized persons with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities: A review
    • Hayden MF. 1997. Class-action, civil rights litigation for institutionalized persons with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities: a review. MPDLR 21:411-423.
    • (1997) MPDLR , vol.21 , pp. 411-423
    • Hayden, M.F.1
  • 31
    • 34447620565 scopus 로고
    • intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded: Final regulations
    • Health Care Financing Administration
    • Health Care Financing Administration. 1977. intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded: final regulations. Fed Reg 42:28700-28704.
    • (1977) Fed Reg , vol.42 , pp. 28700-28704
  • 32
    • 34447630548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Care Financing Administration. 1986. Medicaid program; standards for intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded. Fed Reg 51:7520-7538. Washington, DC: Author.
    • Health Care Financing Administration. 1986. Medicaid program; standards for intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded. Fed Reg 51:7520-7538. Washington, DC: Author.
  • 33
    • 33745993607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supporting aging caregivers with developmental disabilities in futures planning
    • Heller T, Caldwell J. 2006. Supporting aging caregivers with developmental disabilities in futures planning. Ment Retard 44:189-202.
    • (2006) Ment Retard , vol.44 , pp. 189-202
    • Heller, T.1    Caldwell, J.2
  • 34
    • 0027490451 scopus 로고
    • Aging family caregivers: Support resources and changes in burden and placement desire
    • Heller T, Factor A. 1993. Aging family caregivers: Support resources and changes in burden and placement desire. Am J Ment Retard 98:417-426.
    • (1993) Am J Ment Retard , vol.98 , pp. 417-426
    • Heller, T.1    Factor, A.2
  • 35
    • 0023692007 scopus 로고
    • Accreditation of developmental disabilities programs
    • Hemp R, Braddock D. 1988. Accreditation of developmental disabilities programs. Ment Retard 26:257-267.
    • (1988) Ment Retard , vol.26 , pp. 257-267
    • Hemp, R.1    Braddock, D.2
  • 39
    • 34447636859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Howe SG. 1848. Report Made to the Legislature of Mass Upon Idiocy. Boston: Coolidge and Wiley.
    • Howe SG. 1848. Report Made to the Legislature of Mass Upon Idiocy. Boston: Coolidge and Wiley.
  • 40
    • 34447639493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact. 2004, Spring. Consumer-controlled budgets and persons with disabilities, 17. Minneapolis: U. of Minnesota, College of Education. p 1-32.
    • Impact. 2004, Spring. Consumer-controlled budgets and persons with disabilities, Vol. 17. Minneapolis: U. of Minnesota, College of Education. p 1-32.
  • 45
    • 34447643829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voices of self-advocates
    • Herr SS, Gostin LO, Koh HH, editors, NY: Oxford University Press. pp
    • Levitz M. 2003. Voices of self-advocates. In: Herr SS, Gostin LO, Koh HH, editors. The human rights of persons with intellectual disabilities: NY: Oxford University Press. pp 453-465.
    • (2003) The human rights of persons with intellectual disabilities , pp. 453-465
    • Levitz, M.1
  • 49
    • 34447633999 scopus 로고
    • Statistics of special education for exceptional children and youth, 1957-58
    • Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education
    • Mackie RP, Williams HM, Hunter PP. 1958. Statistics of special education for exceptional children and youth, 1957-58, final report. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education.
    • (1958) final report
    • Mackie, R.P.1    Williams, H.M.2    Hunter, P.P.3
  • 50
    • 0027772939 scopus 로고
    • Compensation and turnover of direct care staff in developmental disabilities residential facilities in the United States. I. Wages and benefits
    • Mitchell D, Braddock D. 1993. Compensation and turnover of direct care staff in developmental disabilities residential facilities in the United States. I. Wages and benefits. Ment Retard 31:429-437.
    • (1993) Ment Retard , vol.31 , pp. 429-437
    • Mitchell, D.1    Braddock, D.2
  • 51
    • 0027980119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitchell D, Braddock D. 1994. Compensation and turnover of direct care staff in developmental disabilities residential facilities in the U.S. II. Turnover. Ment Retard 32:34-42.
    • Mitchell D, Braddock D. 1994. Compensation and turnover of direct care staff in developmental disabilities residential facilities in the U.S. II. Turnover. Ment Retard 32:34-42.
  • 52
    • 34447642958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia. 1972. 348 Supp. 866, CD. DC.
    • Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia. 1972. 348 Supp. 866, CD. DC.
  • 54
    • 34447631923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. 1994 National Health Interview Survey [database on CD-ROM]. CD-ROM Series 10, No. 9. SETS Version 1.21a. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. 1994 National Health Interview Survey [database on CD-ROM]. CD-ROM Series 10, No. 9. SETS Version 1.21a. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • 55
    • 34447626718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). 2003. Consumer-directed care: a new way of financing long-term care. State Health Notes 24:1,5,6.
    • National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). 2003. Consumer-directed care: a new way of financing long-term care. State Health Notes 24:1,5,6.
  • 57
    • 34447640998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institutes of Health. 2006. Estimates of funding for various diseases, conditions, research areas. Bethesda, MD: Author, [accessed 2/2/07 at: http:www.nih.gov/News/fundingresearchareas.htm]
    • National Institutes of Health. 2006. Estimates of funding for various diseases, conditions, research areas. Bethesda, MD: Author, [accessed 2/2/07 at: http:www.nih.gov/News/fundingresearchareas.htm]
  • 58
    • 34447623093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute on Disabil Rehabil Research, Washington, DC: Author
    • National Institute on Disabil Rehabil Research. 2006. NIDRR programs and projects. Washington, DC: Author.
    • (2006) NIDRR programs and projects
  • 59
    • 34447630715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NY State Association for Retarded Children v. Carey, 393 F. Supp. 715 (E.D.N.Y 1975) [filed 1972].
    • NY State Association for Retarded Children v. Carey, 393 F. Supp. 715 (E.D.N.Y 1975) [filed 1972].
  • 60
    • 34447640434 scopus 로고
    • Kennedy Foundation gives $1,250,000 to aid Chicago home for retarded boys. New York, NY: Author
    • New York Times. 1952. "Kennedy Foundation gives $1,250,000 to aid Chicago home for retarded boys." New York, NY: Author.
    • (1952) New York Times
  • 61
    • 34447638985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nirje B. 1969a. A Scandinavian visitor looks at U.S. institutions. In: Kugel R, Wolfensberger W, editors. Changing patterns in residential services for the mentally retarded. Washington, DC: USGPO. pp 51-57.
    • Nirje B. 1969a. A Scandinavian visitor looks at U.S. institutions. In: Kugel R, Wolfensberger W, editors. Changing patterns in residential services for the mentally retarded. Washington, DC: USGPO. pp 51-57.
  • 62
    • 0001799239 scopus 로고
    • The normalization principle and its human management implications
    • Kugel R, Wolfensberger W, editors, Washington, DC: USGPO
    • Nirje B. 1969b. The normalization principle and its human management implications. In: Kugel R, Wolfensberger W, editors. Changing patterns in residential services for the mentally retarded. Washington, DC: USGPO.
    • (1969) Changing patterns in residential services for the mentally retarded
    • Nirje, B.1
  • 63
    • 34447633643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olmstead v. L.C., 119 S. Ct. 2176, 1999.
    • Olmstead v. L.C., 119 S. Ct. 2176, 1999.
  • 64
    • 0344304421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal income payments and mental retardation: The political and economic context
    • Parish S. 2003. Federal income payments and mental retardation: the political and economic context. Ment Retard 41:446-459.
    • (2003) Ment Retard , vol.41 , pp. 446-459
    • Parish, S.1
  • 65
    • 0345059860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spending trends in family support in the United States
    • Parish S, Pomeranz-Essley A, Braddock D. 2003. Spending trends in family support in the United States. Ment Retard 41:174-187.
    • (2003) Ment Retard , vol.41 , pp. 174-187
    • Parish, S.1    Pomeranz-Essley, A.2    Braddock, D.3
  • 66
    • 34447636847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penn. Assn. for Retarded Child. v. Commonwealth of Penn., 343 F. Supp. 279, E.D. PA, 1972.
    • Penn. Assn. for Retarded Child. v. Commonwealth of Penn., 343 F. Supp. 279, E.D. PA, 1972.
  • 67
    • 34447619593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poikolainen A. 2005. Characteristics of food stamp households, fiscal year 2004. Washington, DC and Alexandria, VA: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation.
    • Poikolainen A. 2005. Characteristics of food stamp households, fiscal year 2004. Washington, DC and Alexandria, VA: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation.
  • 68
    • 33644867155 scopus 로고
    • President's Panel on Mental Retardation, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • President's Panel on Mental Retardation. 1962. National action to combat mental retardation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1962) National action to combat mental retardation
  • 71
    • 34447644849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ricci v. Okin, 781 F. Supp. 826 (D. Mass. 1992) [filed 1972].
    • Ricci v. Okin, 781 F. Supp. 826 (D. Mass. 1992) [filed 1972].
  • 72
    • 0029860655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on physical activity and disability: An emerging national priority
    • Rimmer JH, Braddock D, Pitetti KH. 1996. Research on physical activity and disability: an emerging national priority. Med Sci Sports Exer 28:1366-1372.
    • (1996) Med Sci Sports Exer , vol.28 , pp. 1366-1372
    • Rimmer, J.H.1    Braddock, D.2    Pitetti, K.H.3
  • 74
    • 33845411532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family support services in the United States
    • Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Research and Training Center on Community Living
    • Rizzolo M, Hemp R, Braddock D. 2006. Family support services in the United States. Policy Res Brief 17:1-11. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Research and Training Center on Community Living.
    • (2006) Policy Res Brief , vol.17 , pp. 1-11
    • Rizzolo, M.1    Hemp, R.2    Braddock, D.3
  • 75
    • 17044406283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult day programs versus supported employment (1988-2002): Spending and service practices of mental retardation and developmental disabilities agencies
    • Rusch FR, Braddock D. 2004. Adult day programs versus supported employment (1988-2002): spending and service practices of mental retardation and developmental disabilities agencies. Res Pract Pers Sev Disabil 29:237-242.
    • (2004) Res Pract Pers Sev Disabil , vol.29 , pp. 237-242
    • Rusch, F.R.1    Braddock, D.2
  • 76
    • 34447617093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting self-determination in health and medical care: A critical component of addressing health disparities in people with intellectual disabilities
    • Shogren KA, Wehmeyer ML, Reese RM, et al. 2006. Promoting self-determination in health and medical care: a critical component of addressing health disparities in people with intellectual disabilities. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil 3:105-113.
    • (2006) J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil , vol.3 , pp. 105-113
    • Shogren, K.A.1    Wehmeyer, M.L.2    Reese, R.M.3
  • 81
    • 34447650501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocqueville A de. 1856/1955. The old regime and the French Revolution. New York: Anchor Books.
    • Tocqueville A de. 1856/1955. The old regime and the French Revolution. New York: Anchor Books.
  • 82
    • 34447619420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC: Governments Division
    • U.S. Census Bureau. 2006. Public education finances 2004. Washington, DC: Governments Division.
    • (2006) Public education finances 2004
  • 83
    • 34447619972 scopus 로고
    • Sixth census, or, enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States as corrected at the Department of State in 1840
    • United States Census Office, Washington, DC: Author
    • United States Census Office. 1840. Sixth census, or, enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States as corrected at the Department of State in 1840, published by an act of Congress. Washington, DC: Author.
    • (1840) published by an act of Congress
  • 86
    • 34447626529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Education, CD ROM, Washington, DC: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Rehabilitation Services Administration. 2004a
    • U.S. Department of Education. 2004a. RSA 911 case service report data set for fiscal years 1999-2002 (CD ROM). Washington, DC: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Rehabilitation Services Administration.
    • (1999) RSA 911 case service report data set for fiscal years
  • 87
    • 34447624039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Rehabilitation Services Administration
    • U.S. Department of Education. 2004b. RSA center for independent living 704 data set, 2003. Washington, DC: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Rehabilitation Services Administration.
    • (2003) RSA center for independent living 704 data set
  • 88
    • 67349175564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Education,Office of Special Education Programs, Washington, DC: Author
    • U.S. Department of Education,Office of Special Education Programs. 2004c. Data analysis system (DANS). Washington, DC: Author.
    • (2004) Data analysis system (DANS)
  • 89
    • 34447647189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Education, CD ROM, Washington, DC: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Rehabilitation Services Administration
    • U.S. Department of Education. 2005. RSA 911 case service report data set for fiscal years 2003-2004 (CD ROM). Washington, DC: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Rehabilitation Services Administration.
    • (2005) RSA 911 case service report data set for fiscal years 2003-2004
  • 90
    • 34447646378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. 2006. Statistics of state school systems, 1959-60 and 1969-70; Revenue and expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, 1979-80 and 1980-81; and the NCES Common Core of Data (CCD), National public education financial survey, 1989-90, 2002-03. Washington, DC: Author.
    • U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. 2006. Statistics of state school systems, 1959-60 and 1969-70; Revenue and expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, 1979-80 and 1980-81; and the NCES Common Core of Data (CCD), "National public education financial survey," 1989-90, 2002-03. Washington, DC: Author.
  • 91
    • 34447620736 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington: Office of the Secretary, Office of Ment Retard Coordination
    • U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. 1972. Mental retardation source book of the DHEW Washington: Office of the Secretary, Office of Ment Retard Coordination.
    • (1972) Mental retardation source book of the DHEW
  • 92
    • 34447627765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Office of Disability, Aging, and Long-Term Care Policy. 2006. The supply of direct support professionals serving individuals with intellectual disabilities and other developmental disabilities: Report to Congress. Washington, DC: Author.
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Office of Disability, Aging, and Long-Term Care Policy. 2006. The supply of direct support professionals serving individuals with intellectual disabilities and other developmental disabilities: Report to Congress. Washington, DC: Author.
  • 93
    • 34447633091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2006. Section 811 capital advance amounts by project. Washington, DC: Author. [accessed 3/24/06 at: http://www.hud.gov/ content/releases/grantsummaries04.pdf]
    • U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2006. Section 811 capital advance amounts by project. Washington, DC: Author. [accessed 3/24/06 at: http://www.hud.gov/ content/releases/grantsummaries04.pdf]
  • 94
    • 34447641323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. House of Representatives; Committee on Appropriations;Subcommittee on Labor, and Health, Education and Welfare. 1963. Supplemental appropriations to combat mental retardation. Washington, DC: USGPO.
    • U.S. House of Representatives; Committee on Appropriations;Subcommittee on Labor, and Health, Education and Welfare. 1963. Supplemental appropriations to combat mental retardation. Washington, DC: USGPO.
  • 97
    • 34447618867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welsch v. Likins, 373 F. Supp. 487 (D. Minn. 1974) [filed 1972].
    • Welsch v. Likins, 373 F. Supp. 487 (D. Minn. 1974) [filed 1972].
  • 100
    • 1842846362 scopus 로고
    • On the origin of our institutional models
    • Kugel R, Shearer A, editors, rev. ed, Washington, DC: PCMR. p
    • Wolfensberger W. 1976. On the origin of our institutional models. In: Kugel R, Shearer A, editors. Changing patterns in residential services for the mentally retarded (rev. ed.). Washington, DC: PCMR. p 35-82.
    • (1976) Changing patterns in residential services for the mentally retarded , pp. 35-82
    • Wolfensberger, W.1
  • 102
    • 34447622926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wyatt v. Stickney, 325 F. Supp. 781 (M.D.Ala. 1971), enforced in 334 F. Supp. 1341(1971): 344 F. Supp. 387 (1972); Wyatt v. Aderholt, 503 F. 2d. 1305 (5th Cir. 1974).
    • Wyatt v. Stickney, 325 F. Supp. 781 (M.D.Ala. 1971), enforced in 334 F. Supp. 1341(1971): 344 F. Supp. 387 (1972); Wyatt v. Aderholt, 503 F. 2d. 1305 (5th Cir. 1974).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.