A Minority Within a Minority: Experiences of Gay Men with Intellectual Disabilities

Out in Psychology: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Queer Perspectives

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 125-145

  Bennett, Christopher ^a   Coyle, Adrian ^b  

^a HERTFORDSHIRE PARTNERSHIP UNIVERSITY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bisexual men; Gay identity; Intellectual disabilities; Learning disabilities; Sexual abuse

Indexed keywords

EID: 34447622797     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470713099.ch7     Document Type: Chapter

References (55)

1. Breakwell, G. M. (1986). Coping with Threatened Identities. London: Methuen.
2. Breakwell, G. M. (1996). Identity processes and social changes. In G. M. Breakwell & E. Lyons (Eds), Changing European Identities: Social psychological analyses of social change (pp. 13-27). Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
3. Cass, V. C. (1979). Homosexual identity formation: A theoretical model. Journal of Homosexuality, 4(3), 219-235.
4. Clare, L. (2003). Managing threats to self: Awareness in early stage Alzheimer's disease. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 1017-1029.
5. Coyle, A. (1992). 'My own special creation'? The construction of gay identity. In G. M. Breakwell (Ed.), Social Psychology of Identity and the Self Concept (pp.187-220). London: Surrey University Press/Academic Press.
6. Coyle, A. (1993). A study of psychological well-being among gay men using the GHQ-30. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32, 218-220.
7. Coyle, A. & Rafalin, D. (2000). Jewish gay men's accounts of negotiating cultural, religious, and sexual identity: A qualitative study. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 12(4), 21-48
8. Craft, A. (Ed.) (1983). Sex Education and Counselling for Mentally Handicapped People. London: Costello.
9. Craft, A. (Ed.) (1994). Practice Issues in Sexuality and Learning Disabilities. London: Routledge.
10. Craft, A. & Brown, H. (1994). Personal relationships and sexuality: The staff role. In A. Craft (Ed.), Practice Issues in Sexuality and Learning Disabilities (pp. 1-22). London: Routledge.
11. D'Augelli, A. R. & Hershberger, S. L. (1993). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth in community settings: Personal challenges and mental health problems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 421-448.
12. Davidson-Paine C. & Corbett, J. (1995). A double coming out: Gay men with learning disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 147-151.
13. Davies, D. (1996). Homophobia and heterosexism. In D. Davies & C. Neal (Eds), Pink Therapy: A guide for counsellors and therapists working with lesbian, gay and bisexual clients (pp. 41-65). Buckingham: Open University Press.
14. Davies, D. A. & Jenkins, R. (1997). 'She has different fi ts to me': How people with learning diffi -culties see themselves. Disability and Society, 12, 95-109.
15. Department of Health (2001). Valuing People: A new strategy for learning disability for the 21st Century. London: HMSO.
16. Dowsett, G. W. & Davis, M. P. (1992). Transgressions and Intervention: Homosexually active men and beats. Sydney: National Centre for HIV Social Research.
17. Edmunds, C. & Collins, A. (1999). Using social and educational approaches to enable a man with learning disabilities to develop his sexual identity and orientation. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27(4), 127-131.
18. Ellis, S. J. (2007). Community in the 21st century: Issues arising from a study of British lesbians and gay men. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 11(1-2).
19. Finlay, W. M. L. & Lyons, E. (1998). Social identity and people with learning diffi culties: Implications for self advocacy groups. Disability and Society, 13(1), 37-51.
20. Frable, D. E. S., Wortman, C. & Joseph, J. (1997). Predicting self esteem, well-being, and distress in a cohort of gay men: The importance of cultural stigma, personal visibility, community networks, and positive identity. Journal of Personality, 65, 599-624.
21. Garnets L. & Kimmel, D. (1993). Lesbian and gay male dimensions in the psychological study of human diversity. In L. Garnets & D. Kimmell (Eds), Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Male Experience (pp. 1-51). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
22. Golsworthy, R. & Coyle, A. (2001). Practitioners' accounts of religious and spiritual dimensions in bereavement therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 14, 183-202.
23. Grossman, A. H. & Kerner, M. S. (1998). Self esteem and supportiveness as predictors of emotional distress in gay male and lesbian youth. Journal of Homosexuality, 35(2), 25-39.
24. Hingsberger, D. (1993). Staff attitudes, homosexuality and developmental disability: A minority within a minority. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 2(1), 19-22.
25. Jahoda, A., Markova, I. & Cattermole, C. (1988). Stigma and the self concept of people with a mild mental handicap. Journal of Mental Defi ciency Research, 32, 103-115.
26. Jones, V. (1995). Heterosexism and homosexual oppression in the provision of services to support the sexuality of people who have a learning diffi culty. Unpublished thesis: King Alfred's College,Winchester.
27. King's Fund. (1980). An Ordinary Life: Comprehensive locally based residential services for mentally handicapped people. London: King's Fund.
28. Kruse, S. (2007). Gay men with learning disabilities: UK service provision. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 11(1-2).
29. Macran, S., Stiles, W. B. & Smith, J. A. (1999). How does personal therapy affect therapists' practice? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 419-431.
30. Markowe, L. A. (1996). Redefi ning the Self: Coming out as lesbian. Cambridge: Polity Press.
31. McCabe, M. & Schreck, A. (1992). Before sex education: An evaluation of the sexual knowledge, experience, feelings and needs of people with mild intellectual disabilities. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 16, 75-82.
32. McCarthy, M. & Thompson, D. (1994). HIV/AIDS and safer sex work with people with learning disabilities. In A. Craft. (Ed.), Practice Issues in Sexuality and Learning Disabilities (pp. 186-201). London: Routledge.
33. McDonald, G. J. (1982). Individual differences in the coming out process of gay men: Implications and theoretical models. Journal of Homosexuality, 8(1), 47-60.
34. Mest, G. (1988). With a little help from their friends. Journal of Social Issues, 44, 117-126.
35. Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 38-56.
36. Milton, M. & Coyle, A. (1998). Psychotherapy with lesbian and gay clients. The Psychologist, 11, 73-76.
37. Minton, H. & McDonald, G. (1984). Homosexual identity formation as a development process. Journal of Homosexuality, 9(2-3), 91-104.
38. Murray, J. L., MacDonald, R. A. R. & Minnes, P. (1995). Staff attitudes towards individuals with learning disabilities and AIDS: The role of attitudes towards client sexuality and the issue of mandatory testing for HIV infection. Mental Handicap Research, 8, 321-332.
39. Reynolds, F. & Prior, S. (2003). 'Sticking jewels in your life': Exploring women's strategies for negotiating an acceptable quality of life with multiple sclerosis. Qualitative Health Research, 13, 1225-1251.
40. Robertson, A. E. (1998). The mental health experiences of gay men: A research study exploring gay men's health needs. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 5, 33-40.
41. Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Hunter, J. & Rosario, M. (1994). Suicidal behavior and gay related stress among gay and bisexual male adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 9, 498-508.
42. Senior, V., Smith, J. A., Michie, S. & Marteau, T. (2002). Making sense of risk: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of vulnerability to heart disease. Journal of Health Psychology, 7, 157-168.
43. Smith, J. A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychology and Health, 11, 261-271.
44. Smith, J. A., Flowers, P. & Osborn, M. (1997). Interpretative phenomenological analysis and the psychology of health and illness. In L. Yardley (Ed.), Material Discourses of Health and Illness (pp. 68-91). London: Routledge.
45. Smith, J. A., Michie, S., Stephenson, M. & Quarrell, O. (2002). Risk perception and decisionmaking processes in candidates for genetic testing for Huntington's Disease: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 7, 131-144.
46. Smith, J. A. & Osborn, M. (2003). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative Psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 51-80). London: Sage.
47. Smith, J. A., Osborn, M. & Jarman, M. (1999). Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis. In M. Murray & K Chamberlain (Eds), Qualitative Health Psychology: Theories and methods (pp. 218-240). London: Sage.
48. Sobsey, D. (1994). Sexual abuse of individuals with intellectual disability. In A. Craft (Ed.), Practice Issues in Sexuality and Learning Disabilities (pp. 93-115). London: Routledge.
49. Thompson, D. (1994). Sexual experience and sexual identity for men with learning disabilities who have sex with men. Changes: An International Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy, 12, 254-263.
50. Thompson, S. A., Bryson, B. & De Castell, S. (2001). Prospects for identity formation for lesbian, gay, or bisexual persons with developmental disabilties. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 48, 53-65.
51. Troiden, R. R. (1979). Becoming a homosexual: A model of gay identity acquisition. Psychiatry, 42, 362-373.
52. Turner, A. J. & Coyle, A. (2000). What does it mean to be a donor offspring? The identity experiences of adults conceived by donor insemination and the implications for counselling and therapy. Human Reproduction, 15, 2041-2051.
53. Weinberg, M. S. & Williams, C. J. (1974). Male Homosexuals: Their problems and adaptations. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
54. Weinberg, T. S. (1983). Gay Men, Gay Selves: The social construction of homosexual identities. New York, NY: Irvington.
55. Wolfensberger, W. (1972). The Principle of Normalization in Human Services. Toronto, ON: Toronto National Institute on Mental Retardation.