Aromatase inhibitors for treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn , Issue 1, 2007, Pages

  Gibson, L J ^b   Dawson, C L ^b   Lawrence, D J ^b   Bliss, Judith M ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Antineoplastic agents, hormonal *therapeutic use ; Aromatase inhibitors *therapeutic use ; Breast neoplasms *drug therapy; mortality ; Female; Neoplasms, hormone dependent *drug therapy ; Randomized controlled trials as topic

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE; ANASTROZOLE; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; DANAZOL; EXEMESTANE; FADROZOLE; FLUOXYMESTERONE; FORMESTANE; FULVESTRANT; GEFITINIB; GESTAGEN; HYDROCORTISONE; LETROZOLE; MEGESTROL ACETATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACEPONATE; TAMOXIFEN; VOROZOLE;

ADVANCED CANCER; ARTHRALGIA; BREAST CANCER; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCHRANE LIBRARY; DIARRHEA; DROWSINESS; ENDOMETRIUM; FEVER; FLUID RETENTION; HEADACHE; HOT FLUSH; HUMAN; INDIGESTION; INJECTION SITE REACTION; NAUSEA; NIGHT SWEAT; POSTMENOPAUSE; RASH; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; STOMACH DISEASE; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VAGINA BLEEDING; VOMITING; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 34447566855     PISSN: 1469493X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003370.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Alonso-Munoz 1988 {published data only} Alonso-Munzo MC, Ojeda-Gonzalez M, Beltran-Fabregat M, Dorca-Ribugent J, Lopez-Lopez L, Borras-Balada J, et al.Randomized trial of tamoxifen versus aminoglutethimide and versus combined tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide in advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. Oncology 1988; Vol. 45:350-3.
2. Bezwoda 1998 {published data only} *Bezwoda WR, Gudgeon A, Falkson G, Jordaan JP, Goedhals L. Fadrozole versus megestrol acetate: a double-blind randomised trial in advanced breast cancer. Oncology 1998;55:416-20.
3. Bonneterre 2001 {published data only} *Bonneterre J, Buzdar A, Nabholtz JA, Robertson JFR, Thuerlimann B, von Euler M, et al.Anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen as first-line therapy in hormone receptor positive advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer 2001;92(9): 2247-58.
4. Bonneterre J, Thuerlimann B, Robertson JFR, Krzakowski M, Mauriac L, Koralewski P, et al.Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in 668 postmenopausal women: results of the tamoxifen or arimidex randomized group efficacy and tolerability study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2000;18(22):3748-57.
5. Nabholtz JM. Advanced breast cancer updates on anastrozole versus tamoxifen. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2003;86:321-5.
6. Nabholtz JM, Bonneterre J, Buzdar A, Robertson JFR, Thuerlimann B. Anastrozole (Arimidex) versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: survival analysis and updated safety results. European Journal of Cancer 2003;39:1684-89.
7. Nabholtz JM, Buzdar A, Pollak M, Harwin W, Burton G, Mangalik A, et al.Anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results of a North American multicenter randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2000;18(22):3758- 67.
8. Thuerlimann B, Robertson JFR, Nabholtz JM, Buzdar A, Bonneterre J. Efficacy of tamoxifen following anastrozole ('Arimidex') compared with anastrozole following tamoxifen as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. European Journal of Cancer 2003;39:2310-17.
9. Vergote I, Bonneterre J, Thuerlimann B, Robertson J, MKrzakowski M, Mauriac L, et al.Randomised study of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. European Journal of Cancer 2000;36(Suppl:):81-91.
10. Buzdar 1996a {published data only} *Budzar A, Jonat W, Howell A, Jones SE, Blomqvist C, Vogel CL, et al.Anastrozole, a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of overview analsyis of two phase III trials. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1996;14(2000 - 11).
11. Buzdar AU, Jonat W, Howell A, Jones SE, Blomqvist CP, Vogel CL, et al.Anastrozole versus megestrol acetate in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer 1998;83(6):1142-52.
12. Buzdar AU, Jonat W, Howell A, Plourde PV. Arimidex: a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Journal Steroid Biochemistry Molecular Biology 1997;61(3-6):145-9.
13. Drummond M, Thompton E, Howell A, Jonat W, Buzdar A, Brown J. Cost-effectiveness implications of increased survival with anastrozole in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Journal of Medical Economics 1999;2:33-43.
14. Jonat W, Howell A, Blomqvist C, Eiermann W, Winblad G, TyrrellC, et al.A randomized trial comparing two doses of the new selective aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (Arimidex) with megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 1996;32A(3): 404-12.
15. Robertson JFR, Howell A, Buzdar A, von Euler M, Lee D. Static disease on anastrozole provides similar benefit as objective response in patients with advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 1999;58:157-62.
16. Buzdar 1996b {published data only} *Buzdar A, Smith R, Vogel C, Bonomi P, Keller AM, Favis G, et al.Fadrazole HCl (CGS-16949A) versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal patients with metatatic breast carcinoma: results of two randomized, double-blind, controlled multi-institutional trials. Cancer 1996;77(12):2503-13.
17. Buzdar 1996c {published data only} Buzdar A, Smith R, Vogel C, Bonomi P, Keller AM, Favis G, et al.Fadrazole HCl (CGS-16949A) versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal patients with metatatic breast carcinoma: results of two randomized, double-blind, controlled multi-institutional trials. Cancer 1996;77(12):2503-13.
18. Buzdar 2001 {published data only} *Buzdar A, Douma J, Davidson N, Elledge R, Morgan M, Smith R, et al.Phase III, multicenter, double-blind, randomized study of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, for advanced breast cancer versus megestrol acetate. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001;19(14):3357-66.
19. Canney 1988 {published data only} *Canney PA, Priestman TJ, Griffiths T, Latief TN, Mould JJ, Spooner D. Randomized trial comparing aminoglutethimide with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in therapy for advanced breast carcinoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1988;80(14):1147-51.
20. Dombernowsky 1998 {published data only} *Dombernowsky P, Smith I, Falkson G, Leonard R, Panasci L, Bellmunt J, et al.Letrozole, a new oral aromatase inhibitor for advanced breast cancer: double-blind randomized trial showing a dose effect and improved efficacy and tolerability compared with megestrol acetate. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1998;16(2):453- 61.
21. Falkson 1996 {published data only} *Falkson CI, Falkson HC. A randomised study of CGS 16949A (fadrozole) versus tamoxifen in previously untreated postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. Annals of Oncology 1996;7:465-69.
22. Gershanovich 1998 {published data only} *Gershanovich M, Chaudri HA, Campos D, Lurie H, Bonaventura A, Jeffrey M, et al.Letrozole, a new oral aromatase inhibitor: randomised trial comparing 2.5mg daily, 0.5 mg daily and aminoglutethimide in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Annals of Oncology 1998;9:639-45.
23. Gershanovitch M. Letrozole, a new aromatase for advanced breast cancer. Voprosy onkolgii 45;4:361-68.
24. Goss 1999 {published data only} *Goss PE, Winer EP, Tannock IF, Schwarz LH. Randomized phase III trial comparing the new potent and selective third generation aromatase inhibitor vorozole with megestrol acetate in postmenopausal advanced breast cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999;17(1):52-63.
25. Ingle 1986 {published data only} *Ingle JN, Green SJ, Ahmann DL, Long HJ, Edmonson JH, Rubbin J, et al.Randomized trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone in women with metastatic breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1986;4(6):958-64.
26. Kaufmann 2000 {published data only} Hillner BE, Radice D.Cost-effectiveness analysis of exemestane compared with megestrol in patients with advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer 2001;91(3):484-89.
27. Kaufmann M, Bajetta E, Dirix LY, Fein LE, Jones SE, Cervek J, et al.Exemestane improves survival compared with megestrol acetate in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer who have failed on tamoxifen: results of a double-blind randomised phase III trial. European Journal of Cancer 2000;36(Suppl):81-91.
28. *Kaufmann M, Bajetta E, Dirix LY, Fein LE, Jones SE, Zilembo N, et al.Exemestane is superior to megestrol acetate after tamoxifen failure in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of a phase III randomised double-blind trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2000;18(7):1399-1411.
29. Kleeberg 1997 {published data only} *Kleeberg UR, Dowsett M, Carrion RP, Dodwell DJ, Vorobiof DA, Aparicio LA, Robertson JFR. A randomised comparison of oestrogen suppression with anastrozole and formestane in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Oncology 1997;54(Suppl 2):19-22.
30. Vorobiof DA, Kleeberg UR, Perez-Carrion R, Dodwell DJ, Robertson JFR, Calvo L, et al.A randomized, open, parallel-group trial to compare the endocrine effects of oral anastrozole (Arimidex) with intramuscular formestane in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Annals of Oncology 1999;10:1219-25.
31. Leitzel 1995 {published data only} *Leitzel K, Teramoto Y, Konrad K, Chinchilli VM, Volas G, Grossberg H, et al.Elevated Serum c-erb B-2 Antigen Levels and decreased response to hormone therapy of breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1995;13(5):1129-35.
32. Mauriac 2003 {published data only} Howell A, Robertson JFR, Quaresma Albano J, Ascgermannova A, Mauriac L, Kleeberg UR, et al.Fulvestrant, formerly ICI 182, 780, is as effective as anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing after prior endocrine treatment. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(16):3396-403.
33. *Mauriac L, Pippen JE, Quaresma Albano J, Gertler SZ Osborne CK. Fulvestrant (Faslodex) versus anastrozole for the second-line treatment of advanced breast cancer in subgroups of postmenopausal women with visceral and non-visceral metasteses: combined results from two multicentre trials. European Journal of Cancer 2003;39(9):1228-33.
34. Osborne CK, Pippen J, Jones, SE, Parker LM, Ellis M, Come S, et al.Double-blind, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of the fulvestrant versus anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing on prior endocrine therapy: results of a North American Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(16):3386-95.
35. Robertson JFR, Osborne CK, Howell A, Jones SE, Mauriac L, Ellis M, et al.Fulvestrant versus Anastrozole for the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women. Cancer 2003;98(2):229-38.
36. Vergote I. Fulvestrant versus anastrozole as second-line treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. European Journal of Cancer 2002; Vol. 38, issue 6:Suppl: 57-8.
37. Mercer 1993 {published data only} *Mercer PM, Ebbs SR, Fraser SCA, Coltart RS Bates T. Trial of aminoglutethimide vs hydrocortisone as second-line hormone treatment of advanced breast cancer. European Journal of Surgical Oncology 1993;19:254-8.
38. Milla-Santos 2003 {published data only} Milla-Santos A, Milla L, Portella J, Rallo L, Pons M, Rodes E, et al.Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal patients with hormone-dependent advanced breast cancer. American Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003;26(3):317-22.
39. Mourisden 2001 {published data only} Mourisdan H, Sun Y, Gershanovich M, Perez-Carrion R, Becquart D, Chaudri-Ross HA, Lang R. Superiority of letrozole to tamoxifen in the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer: evidence from metastatic subgroups and a test of functional ability. The Oncologist 2004;9:489-96.
40. Mourisden H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, Perez-Carrion R, Boni C, Monnier A, et al.Phase III study of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: analysis of survival and update of efficacy from the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003;21(11):2101-9.
41. *Mourisden H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, Perez-Carrion R, Boni C, Monnier A, et al.Superior efficacy of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for postmenopausal women with advanced brreast cancer: results of a phase III study of the international letrozole breast cancer group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001;19(10):2596-606.
42. Paridaens 2003 {published data only} Atalay G, Dirix L, Biganzoli L, Beex L, Nooji M, Cameron D, et al.The effect of exemestane on serumlipid profile in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer: a comparison study to EORTC Trial 10951, 'Randomized phase II study in first line hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer with exemestane or tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients'. Annals of Oncology 2004;15(2):211-7.
43. *Paridaens R, Dirix L, Lohrisch C, Beex L, Nooji M, Cameron D, et al.Mature results of a randomized phase II multicenter study of exemextane versus tamoxifen as first-line hormone therapy for postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Annals of Oncology 2003;14:1391-8.
44. Perez Carrion 1994 {published data only} *Perez Carrion R, Alberola Candel V, Calabresi F, Michel RT, Santos R, Delozier T, et al.Comparison of the selective aromatase inhibitor formestane with tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.Annals of Oncology 1994;5:Suppl 7 19-24.
45. Powles 1984 {published data only} *Powles TJ, Ashley S, Ford HT, Gazet JC, Nash AG, Neville AM, Coombes RC. Treatment of disseminated breast cancer with tamoxifen, aminoglutethimide, hydrocortisone, and danazol, used in combination or sequentially. The Lancet 1984:1369-72.
46. Rose 1986 {published data only} Rose C, Kamby C, Mouridsen HT, Andersson M, Bastholt L, Moller KA, et al.Combined endocrine treatment of elderly postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2000;61(2):103-10.
47. *Rose C, Kamby C, Mouridsen HT, Bastholt L, Brincker H, Skovaard-Poulsen H, et al.Combined endocrine treatment of postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. A randomised trial of tamoxifen vs. tamoxifen plus aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 1986;7:Suppl 45-50.
48. Rose 2003 {published data only} *Rose C, Vtoraya O, Pluzanska A, Davidson N, Gershanovich M, Thomas R, et al.An open randomised trial of second-line endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 2003;39(16):2318-27.
49. Tobias JS, Howell A. An open randomised trial of second-line endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer: comparison of the Aromatase inhibitors letrozole and anastrozole. European Journal of Cancer 2004;40(12):1913.
50. Russell 1997 {published data only} *Russell C, Green SJ, O'Sullivan J, Hynes HE, Budd T, Congdon JE, et al.Megestrol acetate and aminoglutethimide/hydrocortisone in sequence or in combination as second-line endocrine therapy of estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: a southwest oncology group phase III trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1997;15(7):2494-501.
51. Schmid 2001 {published data only} *Schmid P, Wischnewsky MB, Possinger K. Self organizing maps and prognosis of advanced breast cancer patients with bone metastases receiving letrozole orMA. Breast Cancer Research and Treament 2001;64:77.
52. Thuerlimann 1996 {published data only} *Thuerlimann B, Beretta K, Bacchi M, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Goldhirsch A, Jungi WF, et al.First-line fadrozole HCI (CGS 16949A) versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Annals of Oncology 1996;7:471-9.
53. Thuerlimann 1997 {published data only} Bernhard J, Casiglione-Gertsch M, Hsu Schmitz S-F, Thuerlimann B, Cavalli F, Morant R, et al.Quality of life in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer after failure of tamoxifen: formestane versus megestrol acetate as second-line hormonal treatment. European Journal of Cancer 1999;35(6):913-20.
54. Bernhard J, Thuerlimann B, Hsu Schmitz S-F, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Cavalli F, Morant R, et al.Defining clinical benefit in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer under second-line endocrine treatment: does quality of life matter. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999;17(6):1672-79.
55. *Thuerlimann B, Castiglione M, Hsu-Scmitz SF, Cavalli F, Bonnefoi H, Fey MF, et al.Formestane versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal breast cancer patients after failure of tamoxifen: a phase III prospective randomised cross over trial of second-line hormonal treatment (SAKK 20/90). European Journal of Cancer 1997;33(7):1017-24.
56. Tominaga 2003 {published data only} *Tominaga T, Adachi I, Sasaki Y, Tabei T, Ikeda T, Takatsuka Y, et al.Double-blind randomised trial comparing the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors letrozole and fadrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Annals of Oncology 2003;14:62-70.
57. Abe 2002 *Abe R, Tominaga T, Nomizu T, Nomura Y, Takashima S, Koyama H, et al.CGS20267 (letrozole), a new aromatase inhibitor: late phase II study for postmenopausal women with advanced or recurrent breast cancer (no. 1) - investigation of recommended clinical dose CGS20267 Study Group. Gan To Kaguku Ryoho 2002;29(5):729-40.
58. Bajetta 1994 *Bajetta E, Zilembo N, Buzzoni R, Noberasco C, Di Leo A, Bartoli C, et al.Endocrinological and clinical evaluation of two doses of formestane in advanced breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer 1994;70:145-50.
59. Ferrari L, Zilembo N, Bajetta, Buzzoni R, Noberasco C, Martinetti A, et al.Effect of two 4-hydroxyandrostenedione doses on serum insulin-like growth factor I levels in advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 1994;30:127-32.
60. Bajetta 1997 *Bajetta E, Zilembo N, Noberasco C, Martinetti A, Mariani L, Ferrari L, et al.The minimal effective exemestane dose for endocrine activity in advanced breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 1997;33(4):587-91.
61. Bajetta 1997a *Bajetta E, Ferrari L, Celio L, Mariana L, Miceli R, Di Leo A, et al.The aromatase inhibitor letrozole in advanced breast cancer: effects on serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 levels. Journal of steroid Biochemistry 1997;63(4-6): 261-7.
62. Bajetta 1999 *Bajetta E, Zilembo N, Dowsett M, Guillevin L, Di Leo A, Celio L, et al.Double-blind, randomised, multicentre endocrine trial comparing two letrozole doses in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer 1999;35(2):208-13.
63. Beretta 1990 *Beretta KR, Hoeffken K, Kvinnsland S, Trunet P, Chaudri HA, Bhatnagar AS, et al.CGS 16949A, a new aromatase inhibitor in the treatment of breast cancer- a phase I study. Annals of Oncology 1990;1(6):421-6.
64. Bruning 1989 *Bruning PF, Bonfer JMG, Hart AAM, van der Linden E, de Jong-Bakker M, Moolenaar AJ, Nooijen WJ. Low dose aminoglutethimide without hydrocortisone for the treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. European Journal of Clinical Oncology 1989;25(2):369-76.
65. Bruning 1990 *Bruning PF, Bonfrer JMG, Wildiers J, Jassem J, Beex LVAM, Schorangel J, Nooijen WJ. Second-line endocrine treatment of postmenopausal advanced breast cancer preliminary endocrine results of a 5-arm randomized phase II trial of medium vs low dose aminoglutethimide, with or without hydrocortisone vs hydrocortisone alone (EORTC 10861). Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 1990;37(6):1013-9.
66. Dixon 2000 *Dixon JM, Renshaw L, Bellamy C, Stuart M, Hoctin-Boes G, Miller WR. The effects of neoadjuvant anastrozole (Arimidex) on tumor volume in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind, single-center study. Clinical Cancer Research 2000;6(6):2229-35.
67. Dowsett 1989 Dowsett M, Cunningham DC, Stein RC, Evans S, Dehennin L, Hedley A, Coombes RC. Dose-related endocrine effects and pharmokinetics of oral and intramuscular 4-hydroxyandrostenedione in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Cancer Research 1989;49:1306-12.
68. Dowsett 1990 *Dowsett M, Stein RC, Mehta A, Coombes RC. Potency and selectivity of the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor CGS 16949A in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Clinical Endocrinology 1990;32:623-34.
69. Dowsett 1994 Bonnefoi HR, Smith IE, Dowsett M, Trunet, Houston SJ, da Luz RJ, et al.Therapeutic effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride in advanced breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer 1996;73:539-42.
70. *Dowsett M, Smithers D, Moore J, Trunet PF, Coombes RC, Powles TJ, et al.Endocrine changes with the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride in breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 1994;30A(10):1453-8.
71. Dowsett 1995 *Dowsett M, Jones A, Johnston SRD, Jacobs S, Trunet P, Smith IE. In vivo measturement of aromatase inhibition by letrozole (CGS 20267) in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 1995;1:1511-5.
72. Geisler 1996 *Geisler J, King N, Dowsett M, Ottestad L, Lundgren S, Walton P, et al.Influence of anastrozole (Arimidex), a selective, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, on in vivo aromatisation and plasma oestrogen levels in post menopausal women with breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer 1996;74:1286-91.
73. Geisler 2002 *Geisler J, Haynes B, Anker G, Dowsett M, Loenning PE. Influence of letrozole and anastrozole on totla body aromatization and plasma estrogen levels in postmenopausal breast cancer patients evaluated in a randomised, cross-over study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(3):751-7.
74. Ingle 1997 *Ingle JN, Johnson PA, Suman VJ, Gerstner JB, Mailliard JA, Camoriano JK, et al.A randomized phase II trial of two dosage levels of letrozole as third-line hormonal therapay for women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer 1997;80:218-24.
75. Johnston 1994 *Johnston SRD, Smith IE, Doody D, Jacobs S, Robertshaw H, Dowsett M. Clinical and endocrine effects of the oral aromatase inhibitor vorozole in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Research 1994;54:5875-81.
76. Miller 1996b *Miller AA, Lipton A, Henderson IC, Navari R, Mulagha MT, Cooper J. Fadrozole hydrochloride in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer 1996;78:789-93.
77. Pronzato 1993 *Pronzato P, Rubagotti A, Amoroso D, Bertelli G, Queirolo P, Sertoli MR, Rosso M, et al.Second-line hormone therapy for breast cancer. Uselessness of first-line continuation. American Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993;16(6):522-5.
78. Raats 1992 Falkson G, Raats JI, Falkson H. Fadrozole hydrochloride, a new nontoxic aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Journal of Steroid and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1992;43(1-3):161-5.
79. *Raats JI, Falkson G, Falkson H. A study of fadrozole, a new aromatase inhibitor, in postmenopasual women with advanced metastatic breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1992;10(1):111-6.
80. Svenstrup 1994 *Svenstrup B, Herrstedt J, Bruenner N, Bennet P, Wachmann H, Dombernowsky P. Sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women with advanced metastatic breast cancer treated with CGS 169 49A. European Journal of Cancer 1994;30A(9):1254-8.
81. Wang 2003 *Wang HQ, Ren CC, Feng WJ, Lin MB, Xiong YQ, Huang P, Zhao WH, Hao XS, Chen SB, Yan Z. Treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer with exemestane, a multicenter randomized controlled study of 195 cases. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2003;83(3):188-90.
82. ECOG E4101 ECOG E4101. Ongoing study Starting date of trial not provided. Contact author for more information.
83. Efect Efect Phase III. Ongoing study Starting date of trial not provided. Contact author for more information.
84. ICR-CTSU Sofea Sofea Phase III. Ongoing study March 2004.
85. Paridaens 2003 Phase III EORTC-10951. Ongoing study Starting date of trial not provided. Contact author for more information.
86. Beatson 1896 Beatson GT. On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma. Suggestions for a new method of treatment with illustrative cases. Lancet 1896;2:104-7.
87. EBCTCG 1998 Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Cooperative Group (EBCTCG). Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic or immunotherapy. Lancet 1992;339:1-15,71-85.
88. Ferlay 2000 Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin DM. Globocan 2000: Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide. 1. Lyon: IARC Press, 2001.
89. Hayward 1977 Hayward JL, Carbone PP, Heuson JC, Kumaoka S, Segaloff A, Rubens RD. Assessment of response to therapy in advanced breast cancer: a project of the Programme onClinical Oncology of the International Union Against Cancer, Geneva, Switzerland. Cancer 1977;39(3):1289- 94.
90. Higgins 2003 Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal 2003;327(7414):557-60.
91. Howell 1997 Howell A, Dowsett M. Recent advances in endocrine therapy of breast cancer. British Medical Journal 1997;315:863-6.
92. Ibrahim 1995 Ibrahim NK, Buzdar AU. Aromatase inhibitors: current status. American Journal of Clinical Oncology 1995;18(5):407-17.
93. Jonat 1996 Jonat W, Howell A, Blomqvist C, et al.A randomized trial comparing two doses of the new selective aromatase inhibitor anastrazole (Arimidex) with megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 1996;32A:404-412.
94. Miller 1996a Miller WR. Aromatase inhibitors. Endocrine-related Cancer 1996;3:65-79.
95. Parmar 1995 Parmar MKB, Machin D. Survival analysis: A Practical Approach. John Wiley, 1995.
96. Roseman 1997 Roseman BJ, Buzdar AU, Singletary SE. Use of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Journal of Surgical Oncology 1997;66:215-20.