메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 97, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 226-236

Development of safety qualification thresholds and their use in orally inhaled and nasal drug product evaluation

Author keywords

Extractables; Inhalation; Leachables; Nasal; PQRI; Qualification threshold; Safety concern threshold

Indexed keywords

ACENAPHTHENE DERIVATIVE; DRUG; FORMALDEHYDE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; NITROSAMINE; SEBACIC ACID; SULFONAMIDE; SULFUR DIOXIDE; SULFURIC ACID; TOLUENE; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE;

EID: 34447556889     PISSN: 10966080     EISSN: 10960929     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm058     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (73)

References (44)
  • 1
    • 0042698962 scopus 로고
    • Sensory irritation: The use of an animal model to establish acceptable exposure to airborne chemical irritants
    • A. L. Reeves, Ed, pp, John Wiley, New York
    • Alarie, Y., Kane, L., and Barrow, C. S. (1980). Sensory irritation: The use of an animal model to establish acceptable exposure to airborne chemical irritants. In Toxicology: Principles and Practices (A. L. Reeves, Ed.), pp. 48-92. John Wiley, New York.
    • (1980) Toxicology: Principles and Practices , pp. 48-92
    • Alarie, Y.1    Kane, L.2    Barrow, C.S.3
  • 2
    • 0024337954 scopus 로고
    • Classification according to chemical structure, mutagenicity to Salmonella and level of carcinogenicity of a further 42 chemicals tested for carcinogenicity by the U.S. National Toxicology Program
    • Ashby, J., Tennant, R. W., Zeiger, E., and Stasiewicz, S. (1989). Classification according to chemical structure, mutagenicity to Salmonella and level of carcinogenicity of a further 42 chemicals tested for carcinogenicity by the U.S. National Toxicology Program. Mutat. Res. 223, 73-103.
    • (1989) Mutat. Res , vol.223 , pp. 73-103
    • Ashby, J.1    Tennant, R.W.2    Zeiger, E.3    Stasiewicz, S.4
  • 3
    • 0025345018 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory responses of young asthmatic volunteers in controlled exposures to sulfuric acid aerosol
    • Avol, E. L., Linn, W. S., Shamoo, D. A., Anderson, K. R., Peng, R. C., and Hackney, J. D. (1990). Respiratory responses of young asthmatic volunteers in controlled exposures to sulfuric acid aerosol. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 142, 343-348.
    • (1990) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.142 , pp. 343-348
    • Avol, E.L.1    Linn, W.S.2    Shamoo, D.A.3    Anderson, K.R.4    Peng, R.C.5    Hackney, J.D.6
  • 4
    • 0024894088 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of genotoxic chemicals among animal and human carcinogens evaluated in the IARC Monograph Series
    • Bartsch, H., and Malaveille, C. (1989). Prevalence of genotoxic chemicals among animal and human carcinogens evaluated in the IARC Monograph Series. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 5, 115-127.
    • (1989) Cell Biol. Toxicol , vol.5 , pp. 115-127
    • Bartsch, H.1    Malaveille, C.2
  • 5
    • 0347052775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The second National Toxicology Program comparative exercise on the prediction of rodent carcinogenicity: Definitive results
    • Benigni, R., and Zito, R. (2004). The second National Toxicology Program comparative exercise on the prediction of rodent carcinogenicity: Definitive results. Mutat. Res. 566, 49-63.
    • (2004) Mutat. Res , vol.566 , pp. 49-63
    • Benigni, R.1    Zito, R.2
  • 6
    • 27744481100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the threshold of toxicological concern approach to ingredients in personal and household care products
    • Blackburn, K., Stickney, J., Carlson-Lynch, H. L., McGinnis, P. M., Chappell, L., and Felter, S. P. (2005). Application of the threshold of toxicological concern approach to ingredients in personal and household care products. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 43, 249-259.
    • (2005) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 249-259
    • Blackburn, K.1    Stickney, J.2    Carlson-Lynch, H.L.3    McGinnis, P.M.4    Chappell, L.5    Felter, S.P.6
  • 7
    • 0033393944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing human variability in risk assessment - The robustness of the intraspecies uncertainty factor
    • Burin, G. J., and Saunders, D. R. (1999). Addressing human variability in risk assessment - The robustness of the intraspecies uncertainty factor. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 30, 209-216.
    • (1999) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 209-216
    • Burin, G.J.1    Saunders, D.R.2
  • 8
    • 0033887699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in sensitivity of children and adults to chemical toxicity: The NAS panel report
    • Bruckner, J. V. (2000). Differences in sensitivity of children and adults to chemical toxicity: The NAS panel report. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 31, 280-285.
    • (2000) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 280-285
    • Bruckner, J.V.1
  • 10
    • 24644438709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the threshold of toxicological concern concept to pharmaceutical manufacturing operations
    • Dolan, D. G., Naumann, B. D., Sargent, E. V., Maier, A., Dourson, M. (2005). Application of the threshold of toxicological concern concept to pharmaceutical manufacturing operations. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 43, 1-9.
    • (2005) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 1-9
    • Dolan, D.G.1    Naumann, B.D.2    Sargent, E.V.3    Maier, A.4    Dourson, M.5
  • 11
    • 0036597905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential sensitivity of children and adults to chemical toxicity. II. Risk and regulation
    • Dourson, M., Charnley, G., and Scheuplein, R. (2002). Differential sensitivity of children and adults to chemical toxicity. II. Risk and regulation. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 35, 448-467.
    • (2002) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 448-467
    • Dourson, M.1    Charnley, G.2    Scheuplein, R.3
  • 12
    • 34447538879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1992). A cross species scaling factor for carcinogen risk assessment based on equivalence of mg/kg 0.75/ day. 57 Fed. Regist. 24152-24173.
    • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1992). A cross species scaling factor for carcinogen risk assessment based on equivalence of mg/kg 0.75/ day. 57 Fed. Regist. 24152-24173.
  • 13
    • 34447560544 scopus 로고
    • Office ofWater, Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee
    • Environmental Protection Agency EPA
    • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1993). Office ofWater, Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee. Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines.
    • (1993) Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines
  • 14
    • 0036549853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending the threshold of regulation concept: De minimis limits for carcinogens and mutagens
    • Fiori, J. M., and Meyerhoff, R. D. (2002). Extending the threshold of regulation concept: De minimis limits for carcinogens and mutagens. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 35, 209-216.
    • (2002) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 209-216
    • Fiori, J.M.1    Meyerhoff, R.D.2
  • 15
    • 34447545080 scopus 로고
    • 21 CFR Sec. 170.39 - Food additives: Threshold of regulation for substances used in food-contact articles. 60
    • Food and Drug Administration FDA
    • Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1995). 21 CFR Sec. 170.39 - Food additives: Threshold of regulation for substances used in food-contact articles. 60 (136) Fed. Regist. 36581-36596.
    • (1995) Fed. Regist , pp. 36581-36596
  • 18
    • 34447560543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of FoodAdditive Safety (2002a). Final Guidance for Industry: Preparation of Food Contact Notifications for Food Contact Substances: Toxicology Recommendations. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
    • Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of FoodAdditive Safety (2002a). Final Guidance for Industry: Preparation of Food Contact Notifications for Food Contact Substances: Toxicology Recommendations. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
  • 19
    • 34447524495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2002b). Guidance for Industry: Nasal Spray and Inhalation Solution, Suspension, and Spray Drug Products; Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls Documentation. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
    • Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2002b). Guidance for Industry: Nasal Spray and Inhalation Solution, Suspension, and Spray Drug Products; Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls Documentation. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
  • 21
    • 0029153806 scopus 로고
    • The carcinogenesis bioassay in perspective: Application in identifying human cancer hazards
    • Fung, V. A., Barrett, J. C., and Huff, J. (1995). The carcinogenesis bioassay in perspective: Application in identifying human cancer hazards. Environ. Health Perspect. 103, 680-683.
    • (1995) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.103 , pp. 680-683
    • Fung, V.A.1    Barrett, J.C.2    Huff, J.3
  • 22
    • 0027252615 scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in cancer risk estimates
    • Gaylor, D. W., Chen, J. J., and Sheehan, D. M. (1993). Uncertainty in cancer risk estimates. Risk Anal. 13, 149-154.
    • (1993) Risk Anal , vol.13 , pp. 149-154
    • Gaylor, D.W.1    Chen, J.J.2    Sheehan, D.M.3
  • 24
    • 60549115141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICH Q3A(R1): Impurities in new drug substances. 68
    • International Council on Harmonization ICH
    • International Council on Harmonization (ICH) (2003a). ICH Q3A(R1): Impurities in new drug substances. 68(68) Fed. Regist. 6924-6925.
    • (2003) Fed. Regist , pp. 6924-6925
  • 25
    • 0642278955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICH Q3B(R2): Impurities in new drug products. 68
    • International Council on Harmonization ICH
    • International Council on Harmonization (ICH) (2003b). ICH Q3B(R2): Impurities in new drug products. 68(220) Fed. Regist. 64628-64629.
    • (2003) Fed. Regist , pp. 64628-64629
  • 26
    • 34447510602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICH Q3C(R3): Impurities: Guideline for residual solvents. 68
    • International Council on Harmonization ICH
    • International Council on Harmonization (ICH) (2003c). ICH Q3C(R3): Impurities: Guideline for residual solvents. 68(219) Fed. Regist. 64352-64353.
    • (2003) Fed. Regist , pp. 64352-64353
  • 27
    • 0025185558 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative factors in chemical carcinogenesis: Variation in carcinogenic potency
    • Krewski, D., Szyszkowicz, M., and Rosenkranz, H. (1990). Quantitative factors in chemical carcinogenesis: Variation in carcinogenic potency. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 12, 13-29.
    • (1990) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 13-29
    • Krewski, D.1    Szyszkowicz, M.2    Rosenkranz, H.3
  • 31
    • 0030250802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of structural class with no-observed-effect levels: A proposal for establishing a threshold of concern
    • Munro, I. C., Ford, R. A., Kennepohl, E., Sprenger, J. G., Maier, A., and Dourson, M. (1996). Correlation of structural class with no-observed-effect levels: A proposal for establishing a threshold of concern. Food Chem. Toxicol. 34, 829-867.
    • (1996) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.34 , pp. 829-867
    • Munro, I.C.1    Ford, R.A.2    Kennepohl, E.3    Sprenger, J.G.4    Maier, A.5    Dourson, M.6
  • 32
    • 33745658955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of Modern analytical technologies to the identification of extractables and leachables
    • Norwood, D. L., Nagao, L., Lyapustina, S., and Munos, M. (2005). Application of Modern analytical technologies to the identification of extractables and leachables. Am. Pharm. Rev. 8(1), 78-87.
    • (2005) Am. Pharm. Rev , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-87
    • Norwood, D.L.1    Nagao, L.2    Lyapustina, S.3    Munos, M.4
  • 33
    • 0028963938 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in metered dose inhaler drug formulations by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Norwood, D. L., Prime, D., Downey, B. P., Creasey, J., Satinder, S. K., and Haywood, P. (1995). Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in metered dose inhaler drug formulations by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 13 293-304.
    • (1995) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal , vol.13 , pp. 293-304
    • Norwood, D.L.1    Prime, D.2    Downey, B.P.3    Creasey, J.4    Satinder, S.K.5    Haywood, P.6
  • 34
    • 84990406040 scopus 로고
    • Toluene di-isocyanate-induced asthma. II. Inhalation challenge tests and bronchial reactivity studies
    • O'Brien, I. M., Newman-Taylor, A. J., Burge. P. S., Harries, M. G., Fawcett, I. W., and Pepys, J. (1979). Toluene di-isocyanate-induced asthma. II. Inhalation challenge tests and bronchial reactivity studies. Clin. Allergy 9(1), 7-15.
    • (1979) Clin. Allergy , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-15
    • O'Brien, I.M.1    Newman-Taylor, A.J.2    Burge, P.S.3    Harries, M.G.4    Fawcett, I.W.5    Pepys, J.6
  • 36
    • 0031809917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human variability and noncancer risk assessment - An analysis of the default uncertainty factor
    • Renwick, A. G., and Lazarus, N. R. (1998). Human variability and noncancer risk assessment - An analysis of the default uncertainty factor. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 27, 3-20.
    • (1998) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.27 , pp. 3-20
    • Renwick, A.G.1    Lazarus, N.R.2
  • 37
    • 0025052084 scopus 로고
    • Shortterm exposure to 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide does not potentiate airway responsiveness to sulfur dioxide in asthmatic subjects
    • Rubinstein, I., Bigby, B. G., Reiss, T. F., and Boushey, H. A., Jr. (1990). Shortterm exposure to 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide does not potentiate airway responsiveness to sulfur dioxide in asthmatic subjects. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141, 381-385.
    • (1990) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.141 , pp. 381-385
    • Rubinstein, I.1    Bigby, B.G.2    Reiss, T.F.3    Boushey Jr., H.A.4
  • 38
    • 0002541461 scopus 로고
    • Threshold of regulation: Options for handling minimal risk situations
    • J. W. Finley, S. F. Robinson, and D. J. Armstrong, Eds, pp, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C
    • Rulis, A. (1992). Threshold of regulation: Options for handling minimal risk situations. In Food Safety Assessment. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 484 (J. W. Finley, S. F. Robinson, and D. J. Armstrong, Eds.), pp. 132-139. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
    • (1992) Food Safety Assessment. American Chemical Society Symposium Series , vol.484 , pp. 132-139
    • Rulis, A.1
  • 39
    • 0023630723 scopus 로고
    • Acute pulmonary response of asthmatics to 3.0 ppm formaldehyde
    • Sauder, L. R., Green, D. J., Chatham, M. D., and Kulle, T. J. (1987). Acute pulmonary response of asthmatics to 3.0 ppm formaldehyde. Toxicol. Ind. Health 3, 569-578.
    • (1987) Toxicol. Ind. Health , vol.3 , pp. 569-578
    • Sauder, L.R.1    Green, D.J.2    Chatham, M.D.3    Kulle, T.J.4
  • 40
    • 0034766227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between chemical structures and mutagenicity: A preliminary survey for a database of mutagenicity test results of new workplace chemicals
    • Sawatari, K., Nakanishi, Y., and Matsushima, T. (2001). Relationships between chemical structures and mutagenicity: A preliminary survey for a database of mutagenicity test results of new workplace chemicals. Ind. Health 39, 341-345.
    • (2001) Ind. Health , vol.39 , pp. 341-345
    • Sawatari, K.1    Nakanishi, Y.2    Matsushima, T.3
  • 41
    • 0027323749 scopus 로고
    • Development of a database for sensory irritants and its use in establishing occupational exposure limits
    • Schaper, M. (1993). Development of a database for sensory irritants and its use in establishing occupational exposure limits. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 54, 488-544.
    • (1993) Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , vol.54 , pp. 488-544
    • Schaper, M.1
  • 42
    • 0028583095 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of acute decreases in peak expiratory flow following the use of metered-dose inhalers in asthmatic patients
    • Shaheen, M. Z., Ayres, J. G., and Benincasa, C. (1994). Incidence of acute decreases in peak expiratory flow following the use of metered-dose inhalers in asthmatic patients. Eur. Respir. J. 7 2160-2164.
    • (1994) Eur. Respir. J , vol.7 , pp. 2160-2164
    • Shaheen, M.Z.1    Ayres, J.G.2    Benincasa, C.3
  • 43
    • 13844318663 scopus 로고
    • Definitive relationships among chemical structure, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity for 301 chemicals tested by the U.S. NTP
    • Tennant, R. W., and Ashby, J. (1991). Definitive relationships among chemical structure, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity for 301 chemicals tested by the U.S. NTP. Mutat. Res. 257, 209-227.
    • (1991) Mutat. Res , vol.257 , pp. 209-227
    • Tennant, R.W.1    Ashby, J.2
  • 44
    • 0028577798 scopus 로고
    • Effect of domestic concentrations of nitrogen dioxide on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic patients
    • Tunnicliffe, W. S., Burge, P. S., and Ayres, J. G. (1994). Effect of domestic concentrations of nitrogen dioxide on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic patients. Lancet 344, 1733-1736.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1733-1736
    • Tunnicliffe, W.S.1    Burge, P.S.2    Ayres, J.G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.