Effect of ACL deficiency on MCL strains and joint kinematics

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

Volumn 129, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 386-392

  Lujan, Trevor J ^a   Dalton, Michelle S ^a   Thompson, Brent M ^a   Ellis, Benjamin J ^a   Weiss, Jeffrey A ^a  

^a University of Utah   (United States)

Author keywords

ACL; Anterior tibial translation; Kinematics; Knee; Ligament; MCL; Strain; Valgus rotation

Indexed keywords

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; JOINT KINEMATICS; LOADING SCENARIOS; MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT;

LIGAMENTS; LOADING; STRAIN;

JOINTS (ANATOMY);

ADULT; AGED; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY; ARTICLE; CADAVER; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; INJURY SEVERITY; JOINT MOBILITY; KINEMATICS; KNEE FUNCTION; KNEE LIGAMENT; MALE; TIBIA; VALGUS KNEE; WEIGHT BEARING;

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; BIOMECHANICS; CADAVER; HUMANS; KNEE JOINT; MALE; MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT, KNEE; MIDDLE AGED; ROTATION; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP; TIBIA; WEIGHT-BEARING;

VALGUS;

EID: 34447543940     PISSN: 01480731     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1115/1.2720915     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Sakane, M., Livesay, G. A., Fox, R. J., Rudy, T. W., Runco, T. J., and Woo, S. L., 1999, "Relative Contribution of the ACL, MCL, and Bony Contact to the Anterior Stability of the Knee," Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc, 7(2), pp. 93-97.
2. Smillie, I. S., 1969, "Knee Injuries in Athletes," Proc. R. Soc. Med., 62(9), pp. 937-939.
3. Markolf, K. L., Mensch, J. S., and Amstutz, H. C., 1976, "Stiffness and Laxity of the Knee - The Contributions of the Supporting Structures. A Quantitative In Vitro Study," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 58(5), pp. 583-594.
4. Miyasaka, K., Daniel, D. M., Stone, M. L., and Hirshman, P., 1991, "The Incidence of Knee Ligament Injuries in the General Population," Am. J. Knee Surg., 4(1), pp. 3-8.
5. Kaeding, C. C., Pedroza, A. D., Parker, R. D., Spindler, K. P., McCarty, E. C., and Andrish, J. T., 2005, "Intra-Articular Findings in the Reconstructed Multiligament-Injured Knee," Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg., 21(4), pp. 424-430.
6. Scavenius, M., Bak, K., Hansen, S., Norring, K., Jensen, K. H., and Jorgensen, U., 1999, "Isolated Total Ruptures of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament - A Clinical Study With Long-Term Follow-up of 7 Years," Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 9(2), pp. 114-119.
7. Pattee, G. A., Fox, J. M., Del Pizzo, W., and Friedman, M. J., 1989, "Four to Ten Year Followup of Unreconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears," Am. J. Sports Med., 17(3), pp. 430-435.
8. Jomha, N. M., Pinczewski, L. A., Clingeleffer, A., and Otto, D. D., 1999, "Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament With Patellar-Tendon Autograft and Interference Screw Fixation. The Results at Seven Years," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Br. Vol., 81(5), pp. 775-779.
9. Laxdal, G., Kartus, J., Ejerhed, L., Sernert, N., Magnusson, L., Faxen, E., and Karlsson, J., 2005, "Outcome and Risk Factors After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Follow-up Study of 948 Patients," Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg., 21(8), pp. 958-964.
10. Coury, H. J., Brasileiro, J. S., Salvini, T. F., Poletto, P. R., Carnaz, L., and Hansson, G. A., 2006, "Change in Knee Kinematics During Gait After Eccentric Isokinetic Training for Quadriceps in Subjects Submitted to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction," Gait and Posture, 24(3), pp. 370-374.
11. Andriacchi, T. P., Briant, P. L., Bevill, S. L., and Koo, S., 2006, "Rotational Changes at the Knee After ACL Injury Cause Cartilage Thinning," Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 442, pp. 39-44.
12. Grood, E. S., Noyes, F. R., Butler, D. L., and Suntay, W. J., 1981, "Ligamentous and Capsular Restraints Preventing Straight Medial and Lateral Laxity in Intact Human Cadaver Knees," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 63(8), pp. 1257-1269.
13. Ichiba, A., Nakajima, M., Fujita, A., and Abe, M., 2003, "The Effect of Medial Collateral Ligament Insufficiency on the Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Study in the Rabbit," Acta Orthop. Scand., 74(2), pp. 196-200.
14. Woo, S. L., Young, E. P., Ohland, K. J., Marcin, J. P., Horibe, S., and Lin, H. C., 1990, "The Effects of Transection of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on Healing of the Medial Collateral Ligament. A Biomechanical Study of the Knee in Dogs," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 72(3), pp. 382-392.
15. Shoemaker, S. C., and Markolf, K. L., 1985, "Effects of Joint Load on the Stiffness and Laxity of Ligament-Deficient Knees. An in vitro Study of the Anterior Cruciate and Medial Collateral Ligaments," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 67(1), pp. 136-146.
16. Sullivan, D., Levy, I. M., Sheskier, S., Torzilli, P. A., and Warren, R. F., 1984, "Medial Restraints to Anterior-Posterior Motion of the Knee," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 66(6), pp. 930-936.
17. Piziali, R. L., Seering, W. P., Nagel, D. A., and Schurman, D. J., 1980, "The Function of the Primary Ligaments of the Knee in Anterior-Posterior and Medial-Lateral Motions," J. Biomech., 13(9), pp. 777-784.
18. Mazzocca, A. D., Nissen, C. W., Geary, M., and Adams, D. J., 2003, "Valgus Medial Collateral Ligament Rupture Causes Concomitant Loading and Damage of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament," Am. J. Knee Surg., 16(3), pp. 148-151.
19. Kanamori, A., Sakane, M., Zeminski, J., Rudy, T. W., and Woo, S. L., 2000, "In-situ Force in the Medial and Lateral Structures of Intact and ACL-Deficient Knees," J. Orthop. Sci., 5(6), pp. 567-571.
20. Miyasaka, T., Matsumoto, H., Suda, Y., Otani, T., and Toyama, Y., 2002, "Coordination of the Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments in Constraining the Varus-Valgus and Internal-External Rotatory Instability of the Knee," J. Orthop. Sci., 7(3), pp. 348-353.
21. Seering, W. P., Piziali, R. L., Nagel, D. A., and Schurman, D. J., 1980, "The Function of the Primary Ligaments of the Knee in Varus-Valgus and Axial Rotation," J. Biomech., 13(9), pp. 785-794.
22. Haimes, J. L., Wroble, R. R., Grood, E. S., and Noyes, F. R., 1994, "Role of the Medial Structures in the Intact and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knee. Limits of Motion in the Human Knee," Am. J. Sports Med., 22(3), pp. 402-409.
23. Hull, M. L., 1997, "Analysis of Skiing Accidents Involving Combined Injuries to the Medial Collateral and Anterior Cruciate Ligaments," Am. J. Sports Med., 25(1), pp. 35-40.
24. Fischer, R. A., Arms, S. W., Johnson, R. J., and Pope, M. H., 1985, "The Functional Relationship of the Posterior Oblique Ligament to the Medial Collateral Ligament of the Human Knee," Am. J. Sports Med., 13(6), pp. 390-397.
25. Yasuda, K., Erickson, A. R., Beynnon, B. D., Johnson, R. J., and Pope, M. H., 1993, "Dynamic Elongation Behavior in the Medial Collateral and Anterior Cruciate Ligaments During Lateral Impact Loading," J. Orthop. Res., 11(2), pp. 190-198.
26. Gardiner, J. C., Weiss, J. A., and Rosenberg, T. D., 2001, "Strain in the Human Medial Collateral Ligament During Valgus Loading of the Knee," Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 391, pp. 266-274.
27. Arms, S., Boyle, J., Johnson, R., and Pope, M., 1983, "Strain Measurement in the Medial Collateral Ligament of the Human Knee: An Autopsy Study," J. Biomech., 16(7), pp. 491-496.
28. Monahan, J. J., Grigg, P., Pappas, A. M., Leclair, W. J., Marks, T., Fowler, D. P., and Sullivan, T. J., 1984, "In Vivo Strain Patterns in the Four Major Canine Knee Ligaments," J. Orthop. Res., 2(4), pp. 408-418.
29. Hull, M. L., Berns, G. S., Varma, H., and Patterson, H. A., 1996, "Strain in the Medial Collateral Ligament of the Human Knee Under Single and Combined Loads," J. Biomech., 29(2), pp. 199-206.
30. Kennedy, J. C., Hawkins, R. J., and Willis, R. B., 1977, "Strain Gauge Analysis of Knee Ligaments," Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 129, pp. 225-229.
31. White, A. A., 3rd., and Raphael, I. G., 1972, "The Effect of Quadriceps Loads and Knee Position on Strain Measurements of the Tibial Collateral Ligament. An Experimental Study on Human Amputation Specimens," Acta Orthop. Scand., 43(3), pp. 176-187.
32. Fukuda, Y., Woo, S. L., Loh, J. C., Tsuda, E., Tang, P., McMahon, P. J., and Debski, R. E., 2003, "A Quantitative Analysis of Valgus Torque on the ACL: A Human Cadaveric Study," J. Orthop. Res., 21(6), pp. 1107-1112.
33. Provenzano, P. P., Heisey, D., Hayashi, K., Lakes, R., and Vanderby, R., Jr., 2002, "Subfailure Damage in Ligament: A Structural and Cellular Evaluation," J. Appl. Physiol., 92(1), pp. 362-371.
34. Lujan, T. J., Lake, S. P., Plaizier, T. A., Ellis, B. J., and Weiss, J. A., 2005, "Simultaneous Measurement of Three-Dimensional Joint Kinematics and Ligament Strains With Optical Methods," ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 127, pp. 193-197.
35. Robinson, J. R., Sanchez-Ballester, J., Bull, A. M., Thomas Rde, W., and Amis, A. A., 2004, "The Posteromedial Corner Revisited. An Anatomical Description of the Passive Restraining Structures of the Medial Aspect of the Human Knee," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Br. Vol., 86(5), pp. 674-681.
36. Warren, L. F., and Marshall, J. L., 1979, "The Supporting Structures and Layers on the Medial Side of the Knee: An Anatomical Analysis," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 61(1), pp. 56-62.
37. Gardiner, J. C., and Weiss, J. A., 2003, "Subject-Specific Finite Element Analysis of the Human Medial Collateral Ligament During Valgus Knee Loading," J. Orthop. Res., 21(6), pp. 1098-1106.
38. Grood, E. S., and Suntay, W. J., 1983, "A Joint Coordinate System for the Clinical Description of Three-Dimensional Motions: Application to the Knee," ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 105(2), pp. 136-144.
39. Lafortune, M. A., 1984, "The Use of Intra-Cortical Pins to Measure the Motion of the Knee Joint During Walking," Ph.D thesis, Pennsylvania State University.
40. Pennock, G. R., and Clark, K. J., 1990, "An Anatomy-Based Coordinate System for the Description of the Kinematic Displacements in the Human Knee," J. Biomech., 23(12), pp. 1209-1218.
41. Quapp, K. M., and Weiss, J. A., 1998, "Material Characterization of Human Medial Collateral Ligament," ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 120(6), pp. 757-763.
42. Tashman, S., Anderst, W., Kolowich, P., Havstad, S., and Arnoczky, S., 2004, "Kinematics of the ACL-Deficient Canine Knee During Gait: Serial Changes Over Two Years," J. Orthop. Res., 22(5), pp. 931-941.
43. Markolf, K. L., Kochan, A., and Amstutz, H. C., 1984, "Measurement of Knee Stiffness and Laxity in Patients With Documented Absence of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 66(2), pp. 242-252.
44. Fink, C., Hoser, C., Hackl, W., Navarro, R. A., and Benedetto, K. P., 2001, "Long-Term Outcome of Operative or Nonoperative Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture - Is Sports Activity a Determining Variable?," Int. J. Sports Med., 22(4), pp. 304-309.
45. Malanga, G. A., Andrus, S., Nadler, S. F., and McLean, J., 2003, "Physical Examination of the Knee: A Review of the Original Test Description and Scientific Validity of Common Orthopedic Tests," Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 84(4), pp. 592-603.
46. Shoemaker, S. C., and Daniel, D. M., 1990, "The Limits of Knee Motion," in Knee Ligaments: Structure, Function, Injury, and Repair, Raven Press, New York, p. 157.
47. Schipplein, O. D., and Andriacchi, T. P., 1991, "Interaction Between Active and Passive Knee Stabilizers During Level Walking," J. Orthop. Res., 9(1), pp. 113-119.
48. Robinson, J. R., Bull, A. M., and Amis, A. A., 2005, "Structural Properties of the Medial Collateral Ligament Complex of the Human Knee," J. Biomech., 38(5), pp. 1067-1074.
49. Robinson, J. R., Bull, A. M., Thomas, R. R., and Amis, A. A., 2006, "The Role of the Medial Collateral Ligament and Posteromedial Capsule in Controlling Knee Laxity," Am. J. Sports Med., 34(11), pp. 1815-1823.